• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.498-506
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• 2019

This study is based on a coating method that provides utilization value as a micronised powder for cosmetic raw materials using natural minerals buried in Bonghwa, Gyeongsangbuk-do in Korea. The mineral powder name is called Buseok, and chemical name is pumice powder. The results of a study on the efficacy of cosmetics are reported by the development of particulate powder to assess the performance of this powder. First of all, in order to coat the surface of this powder with oil, aluminum hydroxide was coated on the particulate surface and then coated with alkylsilan. In addition, it was coated with vegetable oil to prevent condensation of the powder and increase the dispersion in the oil phase. First; the particle size of pumice powder was from 10 to 50mm having porous holes on the surface of the particles. Second; The components of this powder contained $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, CaO, $K_2O_2$, $Na_2O$, $TiO_2$, $TiO_2$, MnO, $Cr_2O_3$, $V_2O_5$. Third: The particles of this powder have a planetary structure and are reddish-brown with porosity through SEM and TEM analysis. Fourth; the far-infrared radiation rate of this parabolic powder was $0.924{\mu}m$, and the radiative energy was $3.72{\times}102W/m^2$ and ${\mu}m$. In addition, the anion emission is 128 ION/cc, which shows that the coating remains unchanged. Based on these results, it is expected to be widely applied to basic cosmetics such as BB cream, cushion foundation, powderfect, and other color-coordinated cosmetics, sunblock cream, wash-off massage pack as an application of cosmetics. (Small and Medium Business Administration: S2601385)

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2023

Platycodon grandiflorus (P. grandiflorus) flower is a perennial plant belonging to the family Campanulaceae and has many excellent pharmacological effects, so it has been used as a medicinal ingredient since ancient times. In addition, anthocyanin is a purple or blue natural pigment contained in plant flowers and fruits, and is known as a powerful antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to confirm the dermatological functionality of P. grandiflorus flower extract and the value of the bluish anthocyanin contained in flowers as a cosmetic material as a natural pigment. Firstly, 50% ethanol and 80% ethanol were added to the P. grandiflorus flower and extracted under reflux for 4 h at 25, 60, and 80 ℃, and the pH of each treatment group was similar. Based on the anthocyanin content and chromaticity (E^*ab), 50% ethanol 60 ℃ extraction conditions showing the color development most similar to the natural color of the P. grandifloras flower were selected, and a sample was prepared by concentrating and lyophilizing. The analysis results showed that the total phenol, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents were in the ranges of 23 ㎍/mL, 16 ㎍/mL, and 0.17 ㎍/mL, respectively. The P. grandiflorus flower extract suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the P. grandiflorus flower extract showed wound healing effects through the promotion of skin cell migration in TNF-α stimulated human keratinocytes. The stability of anthocyanin and extract color was studied during a storage period of 50 days at various temperatures (4 ℃, 25 ℃, and 45 ℃). Color values (L, a, and b) of the P. grandiflorus flower extract changed over 50 days, whereas the bluish-purple color of the extract was stabilized using 5% maltodextrin. These results suggest that P. grandiflorus flower extract may be useful as a natural cosmetic pigment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.820-827
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• 2023

Since COVID-19 began at the end of 2019, the wearing time of protective clothing used to prevent pathogenic bacteria and virus infection has increased, and the development of safe protective materials that are human-friendly and have antibacterial and antiviral functions has been required. In this study, we investigated the possibility of developing natural antibacterial protection materials using ethanol extract of the medicinal plant Zanthoxylum Piperitum DC. The antibacterial activity assay of the 80% ethanol extract of Z. piperitum DC leaves against various nosocomial infectious bacteria, using the disk diffusion method, showed that Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Salmonella typhimurium, and Aeromonas hydrophila are sensitive to the inhibitory action of the extract. The IC₅₀ values of the ethanol extract against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris and A. hydrophila were about 0.59 mg/ml, 0.50 mg/ml, 1.06 mg/ml, and 0.06 mg/ml, respectively. To determine whether the ethanol extract of Z. piperitum DC leaves can be applied to the development of antibacterial protective fabric, the ethanol extract was tested using a protective fabric from the KM Health Care Corp. using the JIS L1902-Absorption method. As a result, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity values of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 appeared to be more than 2.0 when treated with the ethanol extract at a concentration of 1% (w/v). Together, these results suggest that Z. piperitum DC leaves can be applied to develop natural antibacterial functional protective fabrics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.251-255
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• 2015

To optimize the medium composition of Undaria pinnatifida as a pH modulator the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum industrial scale, we analyzed the pH and growth characteristics of L. plantarum in basal medium. Subsequently, the medium compositions addition of carbon, nitrogen sources and buffering agents were optimized. When 0.5% yeast extract and 2% glucose, L. plantarum grew to maximum cell density in experimental condition. However, the growth of L. plantarum rapidly pH 4.0 in basal medium. A high alkali-ash value and low cost-effective utilization n the waste part as examined. ddition of U. pinnatifida extract alleviated the serious decrease. Among them, juice of U. pinnatifida was most helpful for the growth of L. plantarum ($36.3{\pm}1.810^8CFU/mL$). These results show that U. pinnatifida be large-scale cultivation of L. plantarum. This optimized U. pinnatifida medium can be used for safe and economical production of Lactobacillus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.147-148
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• 2003

동해안의 강릉 연안에 자생하는 토종 다시마인 개다시마는 산업적으로 개발의 여지가 매우 크다. 그러나 천연 자원량에 의존하고 있는 가공산업은 해황에 따라 원료 공급이 좌우되는 불안정성을 가지고 있어서 이 식물의 산업적 생산량을 확보하기 위한 방안으로 대량양식의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 동해안 토종 다시마인 개다시마의 종묘생산기술 개발을 위해서 항온배양기와 실내수조배양을 실시하고 바다 가이식 양성에 의한 환경적응성 실험을 수행하였다. 연구 방법은 2001년 10월에 강릉연안 수심 20m에서 분포하는 개다시마 군락의 모조로부터 유주자액을 받아 온도 5, 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$, 조도 40, 80, 120 $\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$의 조건에서 6주간 정치배양하였다. 유주자의 발아 및 아포체 생장 실험 이후 바다 가이식 및 양성실험은 2002년 1~2월까지 1개월간 실시하였다. 유주자의 발아 및 아포체 형성은 1$0^{\circ}C$, 120$\mu$mo1 m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$에서 배양 2주만에 가장 먼저 아포체의 발아가 관찰되었으며, 이후 15$^{\circ}C$와 5$^{\circ}C$에서 순차적으로 아포체의 발아가 이루어졌다. 2$0^{\circ}C$는 80, 120$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$에서 소수의 아포체만이 관찰되었으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서는 아포체가 형성되지 않았다. 아포체는 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 가장 좋은 생장을 보였고, 15$^{\circ}C$와 1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 비슷한 생장을 나타냈으며, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 80$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$에서만 아포체의 형성이 관찰되어 가장 낮은 생장을 보였다. 동일 온도에서는 조도에 따른 생장의 차이가 많이 났는데, 40$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$에서 가장 좋은 생장을 나타냈다. 80과 120$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$에서는 120$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$이 약간 좋은 생장을 보였지만 큰 차이는 나지 않았다. 생장이 가장 좋은 조건은 1$0^{\circ}C$, 40$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$으로 엽장 1.28mm까지 생장했다. 전체적으로 수심이 깊은 곳에 서식하는 특성상 저수온과 저조도에서 좋은 생장 경향을 보였다. 실내배양을 통해 얻은 엽장 약 1~2mm의 종묘를 2002년 1월말에 삼척 호산에 위치한 바다 양성장에서 종묘들과 함께 2주간 수심별로 가이식(수온 12$^{\circ}C$)을 실시한 결과, 수심 1m에서 좋게 나타나 엽장이 약 5mm정도 생장하였다. 수심 0m에서는 강한 조도에 의해 엽상체가 사그라드는 기형이 나타났으며, 수심 5m에서는 엽상체의 기형이나 생장의 차이는 없었지만, 색택이 약간 바랜 것을 볼 수 있었다. 종합적으로 볼 때 종묘의 관리나 생장에는 수심 1~2m가 양호할 것으로 생각된다. 바다 가이식을 통해 엽장 5mm의 종묘로 생장시킨 후 바로 본양성장에 씨줄감기를 하여 양성을 실시하였다 양성 1개월 후 엽상체는 약 2~3cm, 최대 4~5cm까지 생장하였다. 이를 통해 강릉연안 토종 다시마인 개다시마에 대한 종묘 생산과 대량 양성의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.621-627
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• 2012

Assessment was made of the effects of Aralia cordata Thunb (DH) on the cell proliferation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA gene expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. For the screening of anti-inflammatory activities, ethanolic extracts of 55 species of traditional herbal medicines were examined for inhibitory effects, and it was confirmed that DH possessed inhibitory effects on NO production. As a result, DH significantly decreased the production of NO and iNOS gene expression at a concentration of $250{\mu}g/mL$. The chloroformsoluble fractionates have the strongest No synthesis inhibitory effect. It is presumed that the inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by DH components occurred via the modulation of iNOS and DH, and that the active compound from DH may be useful for therapeutic management of inflammatory-associate diseases.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.106.2-106.2
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• 2010

동식물성 기름과 메탄올의 전이에스테르화 반응에 의해 생산되는 바이오디젤은 환경친화성과 지속가능성이 인정됨에 따라 그 생산량이 급격히 증가하고 있어 대두유, 유채유, 팜유 등의 원료유 부족과 가격 상승, 수급 불안정 등의 문제가 대두되고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 유리지방산 함량이 높은 저가유지 자원(폐식용유, 폐돈지, 폐우지, soapstock, trapped grease)과 새로운 오일 작물을 이용한 생산 기술 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비활용 해외 열대작물 씨앗에서 착유한 식물성 오일을 정제하여 바이오디젤 원료유를 생산하는 과정에서 발생하는 폐기물(폐유, 폐수)의 경제적 처리 방안으로 유화유 제조 원료(벙커C유, 물)와 유화유 제조 첨가제(무기계, 유기계)로 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 열대작물 오일의 물성 분석 결과 고형물, 수분, 인지질(phospholipid), 유리지방산(free fatty acid) 함량이 기존 원료유보다 매우 높게 나타났다. 인지질은 바이오디젤 제조 반응후 에스테르와 글리세린의 층분리를 방해하고 유리지방산은 염기촉매와 결합하여 지방산염을 생성해 생산 수율을 감소시킨다. 고형물과 수분 역시 촉매반응에 악영향을 가지나 여과와 감압증발에 의해 쉽게 제거가 가능하다. 유리지방산은 산촉매 에스테르화 반응에 의해 제거가 가능하다. 인지질은 탈검(degumming) 과정을 통해 제거하며 탈검은 수용성 탈검, 산 탈검, 세정 공정으로 구성된다. 착유한 원료유의 고형물을 제거 후 물과 수세하여 수용성 인지질을 수화하여 층 분리해 제거하고 상층의 오일은 추가적인 산 탈검을 수행한다. 그 뒤 세정을 통해 사용된 탈검제인 산과 추가적으로 수화된 인지질을 제거하게 된다. 이러한 3단계의 탈검 과정에서 하층으로 오일과 물이 폐기물로서 배출되며 본 연구에서는 배출 폐기물을 다시 층분리하여 오일층과 물 층으로 구분하여 유화유 제조에 사용되는 벙커C유, 물, 그리고 기존 유기계 및 무기계 유화제의 대체 가능성을 조사하였다. 유화 연료유는 기름과 물을 균일한 분산상으로 혼합한 연료유로 연소시 오일계 성분의 미연분을 감소시켜 연료 효율 제고와 배출가스 성상을 개선하기 위해 개발되어 왔다. 본 발표에서는 다양한 종류의 상용 첨가제 및 바이오디젤 원료유 생산 폐기물을 활용해 유화 연료유를 제조하였으며 각 유화유의 장시간의 상(phase) 안정성을 비교하였다. 바이오 폐기물 중에는 천연 계면활성제(surfactant)인 인지질이 다량 함유되어 있어 기존의 무기계 및 유기계 유화제보다 상 안정성이 우수하게 나타났으며 바이오디젤 원료유 생산 공정의 폐기물인 폐유과 폐수의 활용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.938-944
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• 2018

This study evaluated tyrosinase, elastase inhibitory, and antioxidant activities of fermented Rhododendron micranthum Turcz. extract using a lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The optimum conditions for fermentation of R. micranthum Turcz. extract were $37^{\circ}C$ and 3% R. micranthum Turcz. extract for 3 days based on the bacterial cell number, total phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity. After culture for 3 days using 3% R. micranthum Turcz. extract, the cell mass of L. rhamnosus reached $5.7{\times}10^9CFU/ml$. The results indicated that R. micranthum Turcz. extract can be used for industrial lactic acid bacteria culture. After fermentation under optimum conditions, the total content of phenolic compounds of the fermented R. micranthum Turcz. extract was 157 GAE mg/ml, and the $IC_{50s}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory effects were 78.8, 79.8, 329.1, and $449.5{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The fermented R. micranthum Turcz. extract exhibited 1.2-, 1.3-, 1.5-, 2.4-, and 5.6-fold higher total content of phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory effects than the nonfermented R. micranthum Turcz. extract. These results indicated that fermented R. micranthum Turcz. extract using L. rhamnosus can be used for developing new natural functional ingredients for the health food or cosmetic industry.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.396-408
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• 2008

Gwangtan-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do was classified as a 4 grade age-class deciduous tree forest, however as a result of vegetation survey, this site was found to consist of natural forest with deciduous trees, thus causing difficulty in judging which age class it belongs to. Subsequently, the necessity of drawing up a detailed stock map plan was raised. For this reason, this research was designed to propose a mapping method for a detailed stock map plan based on a detailed survey on actual vegetation, vegetation structure, and analysis data on tree rings. The detailed analysis of actual vegetation pattern showed that there exist 22 patterns of vegetation, in which the natural forest has 11 patterns, such as Quercus mongolica forest and Q. variabilis forest, etc. while the artificial forest was found to have 6 patterns including Castanea crenata, etc. In order to verify their age-class, this research measured a tree age by collecting 42 quadrats and 89 specimen tree cores on the basis of a detailed actual vegetation map; as a result, an artificial forest and oak trees with small diameters located at low-lying areas, was categorized as 2-grade age class(covering 29.8%), and other areas were judged to be available for land use as 3-grade age-class(covering 57.6%) while the areas judged to be 4-or-more grade age-class (covering 8.8%) was impossible for land use because they are located on a steep slope ridge line on a boundary. In case a proposed site for a small-scale development is judged as a natural forest with deciduous trees as mentioned above, it is necessary that a detailed stock map plan should be drawn up through a detailed investigation into actual vegetation and analysis of plant gathering structure & specimen trees. A detailed stock map plan includes the data that makes it possible to comprehensively judge natural property, scarcity, and diversity of vegetation; thus, it is considered that a detailed stock map plan will be useful in judging the development propriety of a small-scale site.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2001

To develop natural antimicrobial substances from Theaceae, Schima wallichii subsp. liukiuensis was selected from 218 woody plants, and antimicrobial compounds against bacteria, fungi, and yeast were isolated. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts proved higher than those of other organic solvents. The antimicrobial activity of S. liukiuensis extract showed no differences in sesonal variation, but, that of plant part was high in bark at autumn. An antimicrobial substance was isolated from the extract of Schima using column chromatography packed with silica gel and sephadex LH-20, and then a purified antimicrobial substance (Compound I) was obtained using HPLC analysis. The Compound I in the analysis of UV, IR, and GC-MS presumed a triterpene or steroidal saponin, ${\alpha}$-sitisterol as aglycon combined three sugars. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the Compound I against a bacteria, fungi, and yeast were 1.25 g/L, 5.0 g/L, and 0.040 g/L, respectively. This is much lower than the MIC of hinokitiol, an natural antimicrobial compound used commercially, which suggests that Compound I could be developed as a natural preservative and pharmaceuticals.