• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.9
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• pp.127-138
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• 2000

The methods of checking the exuberance of yang (潛陽法) are a kind of medical treatments which cure various symtoms caused by hyperactivity of liver-yang, at the same time used for treating apoplexy. Thus, I investigated the application of checking the exuberance of yang to treat stroke. The conclusions are as follows. We can find application of checking the exuberance of yang to apoplexy on Synopsis of the Gold Chamber. After Ye Gui who persisted the theory of endogenous wind, many physicians applied the method of checking the exuberance of yang and this method has usually applied with nourishing yin. The methods of checking the exuberance of yang are concretely applied as follows. 1) a portion of apoplexy involving the channels and collaterals, which is caused by deficiency of yin and wind-fire pathogen. 2) excessive-syndrome of coma accompanied by heat syndrome. 3) epilepsy caused old apoplexy. The majority of shells for example abalone shell, hawksbill shell, oyster shell, tortoise-shell etc. are the most frequent use of herbal drug which check the exuberance of yang. The precriptions of checking the exuberance of yang are Ho-jam-hwan(虎潛丸), Ko-bon-dan(固本丹), Cheon-ma-gu-deung-eum(天麻鉤藤飮), Chin-gan-sik-pung-tang(鎭肝熄風湯) etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.15-31
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• 2000

1. After the Chu Dynasty(周代), we can confirm the fish shape mark made of stones as the relics of the Chunkuk dynasty(戰國時代). In the Shu Dynasty(隋代), the system of bamboo and the rabbit shape mark made of silver into the fish shape mark. As it were, made of bamboo or siltier changed into the fish shape mark made of jade, gold, silver or wood. 2. In the Dang Dynasty(唐代), the used the fish shape credit mark made of jade, gold, silver, copper or textile, according to their classes. According to one's posit the man who wore purple, red coat, credit mark made a gold and silver. attached with putting them in fish bags. 3. In the Ryo Dynasty(遼代), there was also a system of attaching marks. The emperor was hanging the fish shape and the officials attached the double fish shape to the common dress. fish shape of jade. gold, amber, agate, silver or copper. without any fish bag. 4. The Song Dynasty(宋代) followed the system of the Dang Dynasty they used only the fish shape bags without marks in them. Hanging the fish shape bags made of gold and silver at the back side of the belt. 5. The Gin Dynasty(金代) carried out the system of made jade, gold or silver like the Dang, Song and Ryo Dynasty. In the Sejong Kingdom a system of paper card was carried out as the credit mark of the eighth and the ninth grade. 6. In the Ming Dynasty(明代), the military official general attached the golden, silver, ivory of jade, wood and copper cards with their positions and names. 7. Following the Dang Dynasty, Japan made of fish shape bags to their clothes. Colors of their fish shape marks were same as their clothes. They made the marks, such as crystal, cow's horn, lead and nickel and plated them with gold or silver. 8. In Korea, Pohai(발해) established the fish shape credit mark differed in material. gold, silver or copper according to their positions. We can confirm the Unified Silla(南國;統一新羅), carried out the system of attaching the fish shape in Chonma Chong(천마총), Golden Crown Chong(金冠塚), the King's 13-17 belt ring unearthed at the north part of Court South threat Chong(황남대총), the fish shape golden or silver, to their purple or red ceremonial coats. In the Koryo Dynasty(高麗), like the Dang, Song and Pohai, they attached the fish shape golden or silver marks, to their purple or red ceremonial coats.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.121-153
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• 2013

We investigated the flora of Mudeung-san (Mt.) located in Gwangju-gwangyeoksi, Hwasun-gun and Damyang-gun and discussed the vascular plants found there. 22 days separate fild trips were completed from March of 2009 to November 2011. As a result, we identified the distribution of 816 taxa in Mudeung-san (Mt.), comprising 123 families, 441 genera, 668 species, 5 subspecies, 121 varieties and 18 forms. There are a total 111 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants. The floristic regional indicator plants are as follows; nine taxa of level V such as Gastrodia elata Blume, six taxa of level IV such as Hylomecon hylomeconoides T. Lee, 21 taxa of level III such as Stewartia korena Nakai, 18 taxa of level II, and 66 taxa of level I. In addition, two critically endangered species (CR), Galeola septentrionalis Rchb.f. and Paeonia obovata Maxim., two endangered species (EN), Dryopteris cycadina (Franch. & Sav.) C.Chr. and Jeffersonia dubia Benth., and eight vulnerable species (VU), such as Lilium callosum Siebold & Zucc, were found in the investigated area. Also, 14 endermic plants of Korea, such as Salix koriyanagi Kimura and Aconitium chiisanense Nakai, were found.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.22-43
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Cheonmagudeung-eum (CGE) for essential hypertension by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The period of literature search was until October 30, 2016, and 14 electronic databases were utilized as search engines. The evaluation for the risk of bias (RoB) was conducted by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The meta-analysis was performed by synthesizing outcome data, including total effective rate (TER), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the incidence of adverse events. Result: There were a total of 64 RCTs using CGE on adult essential hypertension. In the RoB evaluation, most of the items were unclear, and the qualities of studies were rated low. The concurrent treatment of CGE and antihypertensive drug (AHD) showed a significant hypotensive effect since the risk ratio (RR) of TER was 1.17 times (95% CI 1.14, 1.20, p<0.01) higher than that of AHD alone. In addition, the mean difference (MD) appeared low as 8.73 mm/Hg in SBP (95% CI -11.36, -6.09, p<0.01) and 5.81 mm/Hg in DBP (95% CI -7.50, -4.12, p<0.01). Conclusion: Through this study, it was identified that the combined treatment of CGE and AHD on hypertension would be more effective than that of AHD treatment alone. However, due to the low quality of the selected original articles, the significance of this conclusion is somewhat limited, and we hope that this would be complemented through more rigorous RCTs in the future.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-88
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• 1990

The vegetation of Mt. Joghesan of a provincial park in Cheolanamdo was surveyed over twenty times from July, 1980 to December, 1981. The plants of Mt. Jonghesan consisted of 10 forma, 107 varieties, 597 species, 424 genera and 122 families, and among them were 204 species of esculent plants, 199 species of medicina plants and 30 species of the others oil plants and fiber plants. Evergreen herbs consisted of 12 species, including Coniogramme intermedia, Asplenium sarelii, and Asplenium incisum etc. And Evergreen broad-leaved trees consisted of 22 species, including Thea sinensis, Sasa borealis, and Quercus acuta etc. And evergreen needle-leaved trees consisted of 15 species, including Torreya nacitora, Pinus densiflora, Sciadopitys japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa etc. The community of broad-leaved consisted of Quercus spp, Carpinus laxiflora, Sasa borealis, including leading dominant species of Lespedeza maximowiczii, Viburnum erosum, Fraxius rhynchophylla, Viburnum dilatum, Rhus trichocarpa, Zelkova serrata, Miscanthus sinensis, Eragrostis ferrugina, Carex augustinowiczii persicaria filiforme var. neofiliforme, Vicia amoena, Smilax riparia var. ussuriensis, and Aster yomena etc. The vegetation of Seunamsa areas in Mt. Joghesan was favorable but the vegetations of the other areas in the mountain were negligible. The vegetation of Koolmokchi areas which had been much destroyed by forest fires was mostly covered with Quercus spp which are resistant to forest fires. Lindera sericea, Alangium platanifolium var. macrophyllum, Ilex macropoda, Corylopsis coreana, Albizzia julibrssin of old trees, Acer mono, the community of Thea sinensis, Stewartca koreana, Cornus alba, Dryopteris bisstiana, Asplenium incisum, Camptosorus, Lepisorus thunbergianus, gastrodia elata, Cymbidium goeringii, and the community of Persicaria filiforme var. neofiliforme etc. in Mt. Jonhesan are autochthonous flora, and their preservation is required. As the Pinus densiflora forest in Mt. Joghesan which was hewn down by human power has not been restored, Jeopchi areas and Koolmokchi areas in Mt. Joghesan have no Pinnus densiflora trees 700m above the sea level.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.345-360
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was examined to investigate the effects of Cheonmagudeng-um gagam (CGG) extract on spontaneous hypertension. Methods : For the study of CGG, we divided rats into three groups. The normal group was Wister Kyoto rats (WKY). The control group was spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The treatment group was SHR which were administered CGG extract (SHR-CGG). SHR-CGG were orally administered CGG extract that was diluted in distilled water at the various concentrations for 4 weeks (234.5 mg/kg) and SHR were orally administered the same dosage of plain distilled water as SHR-CGG. Then we measured anti-oxygen effects, ACE inhibitory activity, weight of heart and kidney, blood pressure, heart rate, plasma aldosterone, electrolyte, creatinine, uric acid, BUN, and observed the cortex of the cardiac muscle, kidney, and adrenal gland. Results : CGG increased DPPH scavenging activity and SOD similar activity depending on the concentration. CGG significantly decreased ROS, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, heart weight, blood pressure, heart rate, aldosterone, and BUN in SHR. CGG increased ACE inhibition activity depending on the concentration. CGG inhibited the heart, kidney and adrenal gland tissue injury that is caused by hypertension. Conclusions : These results suggest that CGG is effective in treatment and prevention of hypertension.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1988

The degermed Japonica and J/Indica brown rites were abrasively milled to give an average yield for each milling of about 5% flour, with 85% of the rice left as residual kernel. The contents of protein, fat and ash were in the highest in fraction I and decreased with each successive milling. The fraction I contained twice as much protein as did the original kernel, 5.7 times as much ash and 11.4 times as much fat. However, no significant differences in the distribution among varieties were noticed. Residual kernels contained 68.7% of protein, 5.1% of fat and 41.8% of ash in the original kernel.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.81-116
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• 2001

The flora of vascular plants investigated in civilian control line area was 730 taxa consisting of 104 families, 331 genera, 631 species, 2 subspecies, 90 varieties, 7 formae. The forest was comparatively well conserved by Pteridophyta calculation(Pte-Q), 1.27. Among the investigated vascular plants, Korean endemic plants(Carex okamotoi, Salix koriyanagi, Clematis chisanensis, Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum, Viola diamantiaca etc.) were 31 taxa; rare and endangered plants(Disporum ovale, Lilium distichum, Trillium kamschaticum, Gastrodia elata etc.) were 35 taxa; naturalized plants(Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Rumex acetosella, Gypsophila oldamiana, Lepidium apetalum etc.) were 26 taxa. The forest vegetation was classified into 1 order, 1 alliances, 6 communities; Rhododendro-Quercetalia mongolicae Kim 1990(신갈나무-철쭉군목), Lindero-Quercion mongolicae Kim 1990(신갈나무-생강나무군단), A. Carex humilis v. nana- Phinus densiflora Community 소나무-산거울군락, B. Acer pseudo-sieboldianum-Quercus mongolica Community 당단풍-신갈나무군락, C. Styrax obassia-Quercus mongolica Community 쪽동백-신갈나무군락, D. Acer palmatum-Quercus mongolica Community 단풍나무-신갈나무군락, E. Rheodendron mucronulatum-Quercus mongolica Community 진달래-신갈나무군락, F. Betula schmiditii-Quercus mongolica Community 박달나무-신갈나무군락

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2006

Objective : This study was to investigate the effects of Banhabaekchulchunma-Tang(BCT) on Dementia induced by focal ischemic injury in the rats. Method : Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups ; Normal group, Control group, BCT1 group and BCT2 group. Control group were no treated after focal brain ischemic injury. BCT1 group were administered BCT 0.3 ml/kg to focal brain ischemic injuried rats for 21 days, BCT2 group were administered BCT 1.2 ml/kg to focal brain ischemic injuried rats for 21 days. The present author observed the number of errors on the eight-arm radial maze task , the rate of correct choice on the eight-arm radial maze task, the values of density of Cresyl Violet-stained sections in the hippocampal CA1 and the values of density of Acetlycholin Esterase(AchE) stained nuclei in the hippocampal CA1. Result : 1. The number of errors in the eight-arm radial maze task was significantly decreased in BCT1 group on 1-6th days. And it was significantly decreased in BCT2 group on 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th day compared with control group. 2. The rate of correct choice on the eight-arm radial maze task was increased in BCT1 group and BCT2 group compared with control group, but the value was not significant. 3. The values of density of Cresyl Violet-stained sections in the hippocampal CA1 were significantly increased in BCT1 group and BCT2 group compared with control group. 4. The values of density of AchE stained nuclei in the hippocampal CA1 were significantly increased in BCT1 group compared with control group. Conclusion : The present author thought that Banhabaekchulchunma-Tang could be used to cure dementia derived by the phlegm retention of fluid.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine from various angles the protective effect of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) against nerve cell death induced by $\beta$-amyloid by using the cell line SH-SY5Y, which is commonly utilized for toxicity testing in nerve cells, and to find out its mechanism of action. Methods : To begin with, as a result of assessing the rate of cell survival by employing MTT reduction assay, the treatment with $\beta$-amyloid at different concentrations caused cytotoxicity, which was inhibited by preprocessing GEB extract. In addition, after $\beta$-amyloid was processed with the cell SH-SY5Y, apoptosis progressed, which was reduced effectively by processing GEB extract. Results : When cytotoxicity was caused by using hydrogen peroxide, a representative ROS, in order to examine the antioxidant effect of GEB, its protective effect was also observed. Apart from ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also known to play a crucial role in nerve cell death. The treatment with the NO donor SNAP increased the production of nitric oxide and the expression of iNOS, which was also inhibited by GEB extract. Meanwhile, as an attempt to find out the mechanism of action explaining the antioxidant effect, the intracellular antioxidant enzyme expressions were measured by RT-PCR, which showed that GEB extract increased the expressions of heme oxygenase-1, GAPDH and $\gamma$-glutamate cysteine ligase. Lastly, GEB extract had a protective effect against impaired memory induced by scopolamine in animal models (in vivo). Conclusions : These findings indicate that GEB has a protective effect against the death of cranial nerve cells, suggesting possibilities for the prevention and treatment of AD.