• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2014

The rate of the channel code can be controlled by various methods. Puncturing is one of the methods of increasing the code rate, and the original code before puncturing is called the mother code. Any (n,k) convolutional code is obtainable by puncturing some mother codes, and the process of finding the mother code is necessary for designing the optimum channel decoder. In this paper, we proved that any (n,n-1) convolutional code has (2,1) mother codes regardless of the puncturing pattern and showed that they must be equivalent.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2018

In the present study, we performed electroporation to deliver protein into microalgae using previously developed digital electroporation system. Green fluorescence protein was successfully delivered into a live microalgae cell nucleus without cell wall removal. By investigating the effects of applied voltage on the protein delivery efficiency, optimal electroporation electric field condition was found (960 V/cm). We also investigated the delivery of Yo-Pro-1 into cell to examine the size effects of delivered materials and found that there is little size effects on the optimal condition. Finally, the implications of the present results and future work are discussed.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.16-25
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• 2020

Multi-setting smart-investigation of the ground and large uncharged hole boring (MSP) method to reduce the blast-induced vibration in a tunnel excavation is carried out over 50m of long-distance boring in a horizontal direction and thus has been accompanied by deviations in boring alignment because of the heavy and one-directional rotation of the rod. Therefore, the deviation has been adjusted through the boring machine's variable setting rely on the previous construction records and expert's experience. However, the geological characteristics, machine conditions, and inexperienced workers have caused significant deviation from the target alignment. The excessive deviation from the boring target may cause a delay in the construction schedule and economic losses. A deep learning-based prediction model has been developed to discover an ideal initial setting of the MSP machine. Dropout, early stopping, pre-training techniques have been employed to prevent overfitting in the training phase and, significantly improved the prediction results. These results showed the high possibility of developing the model to suggest the boring machine's optimum initial setting. We expect that optimized setting guidelines can be further developed through the continuous addition of the data and the additional consideration of the other factors.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 상용되고 있는 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 조합에 따른 관류열전달계수를 핫박스를 이용하여 평가하는 것이다. 온실용 일중 및 이중 피복재와 이중 보온재의 조합에 대하여 야간천공복사 차단여부에 따른 관류열전달계수를 핫박스를 이용하여 실외에서 측정하였다. 처리조건은 일중피복, 이중피복, 이중피복과 이중 마트보온재 및 이중피복과 이중 다겹보온재의 조합조건과 천공복사 유무에 따른 조건이며 총 8가지이다. 제작된 핫박스는 상시 변화하는 외부의 기상조건하에서도 내부온도를 설정된 온도로 일정하게 잘 유지할 수 있었다. 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 관류열전달계수를 측정하는 실내용 측정장치는 반드시 야간천공복사를 모의할 수 있는 측정장치가 되어야 할 것이다. 야간복사를 차단함으로서 온실의 열 손실을 줄여 보온효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 모든 피복방식에 대해 야간복사 차단장치 유무에 관계없이 높은 풍속에서의 관류열전달계수가 낮은 풍속에서보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용된 측정기법을 사용하면 국내에서 생산되는 피복재 및 보온재의 관류열전달 특성을 정량적으로 비교할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2005

This experiment was established to find out the effect of drying methods on the fruit and powder color of red pepper. Hunter's L, a, and b values of the dried fruit were also higher with the cut fruit in comparison with the whole or punched fruit. The Hunter's a value of the pepper powder after drying and grinding was slightly higher for the whole fruit with sun drying, but it was higher for the cut fruit in case of heat drying. The ASTA value was higher when pepper fruits were sun dried. For the heat drying, the value was higher with the drying temperature $60^{\circ}C$.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

화약의 힘을 결정하는 요인은 폭속, 가스량, 폭발열등이 있다. 이중 폭속은 화약의 힘을 결정하는 중요한 요인이다. 이러한 폭속을 결정하는 조건은 화약내 구성성분에 따라서 달라진다. 그러나 동일한 화약조성일 경우 폭발속도는 공기중과 같은 개방상태, 천공 내와 같은 밀폐상태에서 차이가 있을 것이며, 또한 이론상 약경, 장전밀도, 뇌관의 위력, 장전방법 등에 의해 지배를 받는다고 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 산업용화약류를 대상으로 상기의 조건들을 달리하여 폭속을 측정하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 실제 폭약의 폭속에 영향을 미치는 조건을 찾아내고 이러한 조건의 변화에 따라 폭속이 어떻게 변화는 지를 알아보고자 한다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

This study examines the distributions of daylight illuminance in a small office space under clear and cloudy sky conditions. Three shading conditions using Venetian blinds were applied for the analysis of daylight illuminance. Computer simulations using the Lightscacpe were conducted for the daylight conditions applied to the office space. Results indicate that the illuminance differences between clear and cloudy sky for south-facing conditions were greater than those for north-facing conditions. The differences in December and June were the greatest and smallest, respectively. For the north-facing conditions, the daylight illuminance at 10:00, 12:00 and 14:00 in June and September under the cloudy sky was higher than those under the clear sky conditions. For all daylight conditions, the biggest amount of illuminance reduction occurred when the shading device conditions were changed from the no blind to the 45 degree blinds. As the distance from window increased, the shading effect that occurred when the shading device conditions were changed from the horizontal blind to the 45 degree blinds increased.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2011

The aim of this study was investigated long distance export condition of paprika from Korea to Canada, and evaluated the effect of non-perforated breathable films on the storability of paprika during MA storage in the simulated long distance export condition. The long distance export condition of paprika from Korea to Canada was $7{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and RH 90% during shipping for 20 days, and then the temperature of that was increased to $13^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours during transferring from refrigerated container to storage room in Canada, and decreased $3{\sim}4^{\circ}C$ for 3 days before distributing to local markets. The temperature and relative humidity of local markets was $16^{\circ}C$ and 60%, respectively. The packing material treatments were non-packing, as control, perforated film (6 mm diameter hole, $18holes/m^2$), and 3 kind of laser treated non-perforated films (oxygen transmission rate was 5,000, 20,000 and 100,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$). Under the simulated long distance export condition; $7^{\circ}C$ and RH 90% for 15 days and then $20^{\circ}C$ and RH 55% for 7 days, the fresh weight loss of paprika was less than 1% in 3 kind of laser treated non-perforated film treatments but was more than 4% in control and perforated film treatment that showed severe deterioration of visual quality after 20 days of storage. The atmosphere of paprika packages was changed 5% oxygen and 15% carbon dioxide in 5,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ treatment, and 16% oxygen and 4~5% carbon dioxide in 20,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ treatment during room temperature storage after cold storage for 15 days. A carbon dioxide concentration of these 2 treatments was exceeded the optimal MA and CA condition. There was no significant difference in ethylene concentration among 3 kind of laser treated non-perforated film treatments. A paprika packed with 100,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ non-perforated film showed the highest visual quality under the simulated long distance export condition. However, the firmness and soluble solids did not show any significant difference among 3 kind of laser treated non-perforated film treatments. Therefore, we may suggest that 100,000 $cc/m^2{\cdot}day{\cdot}atm$ laser treated non-perforated film was the proper film for MAP of paprika under long distance export condition that was $7{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and RH 90% for 15 days, and then $20^{\circ}C$ and RH 55% for 7 days.

• Solar Energy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1991

In this study global radiation and global illumination are directly measured and diffuse radiation and diffuse illumination measured utilizing semi-circular shadow ring. By analyzing measured radiation data, clear and overcast sky are classified according to the sky classification method used in Mantes, France. Measured illumination data are analyzed and 1) Clear sky illumination on a horizontal surface as a function of solar altitude. 2) Overcast sky illumination on a horizontal surface as a function of solar altitude, 3) Monthly variation of illumination. 4) Cumulative percentage of illumination, 5) Daylight intensity as a function of hours in a typical day, 6) Average number hours per day of illumination above 10 and 20klx are presented as a climatic data for daylighting design for Seoul, Korea.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.4 s.26
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• pp.152-163
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• 2005

Pile driving work causes a vibration problem in the construction site using pile foundation and often causes civil affairs by construction noise around the construction site. For the vibration and noise problems, the driving after drilling method rather than the direct driving method is being generalized for reducing vibration and noise. However, this method also causes civil affairs when the driving work is operated in adjacent area. This study suggests a criterion for evaluating an optimal allowed distance for pile driving work by the driving after drilling method. Actual surveys of vibration and noise for pile driving work in seven construction sites were used for developing regression analysis equations. The results can be a standard to estimate the allowed distance to avoid vibration and noise problems in pile driving work for deep foundation.