• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

The attractiveness of the gingiva is determined by its color, shape, and the shape and location of the boundary between the teeth and the gingival tissue. The standards beauty, balance, and health of the gingiva are all different, but the general public would agree that a coral pink gingiva is more beautiful than black or brown gingiva. Hence, one would be able to smile more confidently in public if he or she receives a gingival pigmentation removal surgery that changes the color of black or brown gums to a beautiful pink color with relative simplicity. The color of one's gingiva varies from pale pink to deep bluish purple, depending on many health components. The most prominent among these include the vascular supply, epithelial thickness, the degree of keratinization, and the presence of pigment in the epithelium. Melanin, carotene, reduced hemoglobulin, and oxyhemoglobulin are the main pigments contributing to the normal color of the oral mucosa. The health of one's gingival tissue are essential for an attractive smile. Excessive melanin deposits in the basal and early basal layers of the epithelium stored in the form of melanosomes frequently cause pigmentation. Although there are many different procedures to remove this pigmentation, the it was removed using the Er;YSGG laser. It is my wish that, through this case study, many people

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 2010

Cherries (Prunus avium L) were selected at the light red (LR) and dark red (DR) stages of maturation. Soluble solid content and the physicochemical properties of fresh 'Bing' cherries were analyzed to identify an instrumental nondestructive attribute reflecting changes in sweetness. Soluble solid content was significantly correlated with various physicochemical properties (firmness, color, and acid level) in LR-stage cherries. In DR-stage cherries, only firmness was positively correlated with soluble solid content. A positive correlation was found between soluble solid content and firmness of 200 randomly selected cherries. Thus, flesh firmness may be a useful quality factor indicating potential consumer acceptance of 'Bing' cherries.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.680-685
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• 2012

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of two growing areas in the greenhouse on the plant growth characteristics, physiological responses and yield attributes of the 'Cupra' sweet pepper. Two growing areas of the greenhouse were as follows, central part area (CA) and north part area (NA). Daily average temperature of the CA was $1.6^{\circ}C$ higher than those of NA. Plant height, number of internode, and SPAD value in the CA were significantly higher than NA both six weeks and twelve weeks after planting. Net photosynthesis of the sweet pepper leaves of the CA was significantly higher than those of NA. The total fruit yield of the sweet pepper was 20% higher in plants grown for CA than that of NA. These results suggest that air temperature in the greenhouse influenced plant growth characteristics, net photosynthesis and total yield of sweet pepper whether pepper plants were grown as CA or as NA.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.757-761
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• 2010

This research was conducted to investigate effect of ethephon on fruit enlargement and coloring of 'Fuyu' persimmon ($Diospyros$ $kaki$). At 7 weeks after ethephon treatment, fruit weight and diameter became significantly heavier and longer in 80 and $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ than the other concentrations of ethephon. Fruit peel hardness decreased with increasing ethephon concentration. The decreased levels were apparent with the treatments beyond $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at the beginning, and then with those beyond $60mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Hunter $a^*$ and $Chroma^*$ of fruit peel treated with ethephon over $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were significantly higher compared to those with control ($0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), but there were no significant differences among those with the ethephon treatments over $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The increased levels of the $Chroma^*$ were apparent with the treatments beyond $60mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at the beginning and then with those of 20 and $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. ${\beta}$-Carotene and lycopene contents of fruit peel were higher with the ethephon treatment beyond $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Although the ethephon application at 20 and $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ had no effects on fruit enlargement, but fruit coloring was advanced by 2 weeks with the application at $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.925-929
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• 2009

본 연구는 착색렌즈의 광투과율에 따른 명소시 대비감도의 변화를 분석하여 색렌즈를 착용할 때 색상에 따른 적절한 광투과율 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 정상 시기능을 가진 남자 24명과 여자 13명을 대상으로, 광투과율 80~90%, 60~80%, 43~60%, 30~43%로 착색된 4개의 색렌즈(회색, 갈색, 적색, 녹색)를 순서대로 착용시키고 F.A.C.T. 시표를 이용하여 대비감도 검사를 실시하였다. 검사 결과, 광투과율이 감소될수록 대비감도는 감소되었고, 시감도는 갈색이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 반대로 적색이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 대비감도 검사결과를 고려한 색상별 권장 광투과율은 갈색, 회색과 녹색 38% 이상, 적색 52% 이상인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들로 보아 일상생활에서 눈을 보호할 목적으로 색렌즈를 선택할 때 색상과 그 색상에 적절한 광투과율이 고려되어야 한다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cultivation time on the incidence of brown fruit stem (BFS) in glasshouse sweet pepper (cv. Special) and to investigate environmental causes of this disorder. The plants transplanted on 31 August (T1) showed more incidence of BFS than those on 24 November (T2) (6.1% vs.2.9%; P<0.01). The BFS symptom began to appear after completion of fruit enlargement, more often around fruit coloring period. Comparing the environmental factors between T1 and T2, with their data collected for 3 weeks around fruit coloring period, the factor that was most likely responsible for BFS incidence was found to be the night-time humidity deficit (HD) ($1.9g{\cdot}m^{-3}\;vs\;2.9g{\cdot}m^{-3}HD$). These results were reconfirmed as T1 was compared to the plants (T3) that were transplanted at a similar time of the following year to T1, but designed to reduce BSF by increasing air HD via heating at night. That is,T3 had much higher night-time HD than T1 ($5.9g{\cdot}m^{-3}\;vs\;1.9g{\cdot}m^{-3}HD$), and showed no incidence of BFS. These results indicated that, to prevent BFS incidence in the winter-harvesting sweet pepper plants, air humidity at night should be controlled low, especially for the fruit coloring period after fruit enlargement period is completed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find out the influence of red LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting on the photosynthesis, vegetative growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.26 adult apple tree during night after sunset. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at daytime of red LED treatments was not different to those of the control. However, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at the nighttime of red LED treatments were lower than those of the control, and the red LED lighting during night after sunset was not induce to photosynthesize at nighttime. In the leaf characteristics, the red LED lighting seemed to increase leaf area and C/N ratio, but decrease SPAD value. The bourse shoot length of the red LED treatments was shorter than that of the control. In the fruit quality, the red LED lighting seemed to increase ethylene production, respiration rate, soluble solid content and fruit red color, and especially the fruit red color tend to increase as the red LED lighting time was longer. In conclusion, the red LED lighting during night after sunset of 'Fuji'/M.26 apple tree promoted the fruit maturation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

This research was conducted to investigate difference of internal temperature, humidity, and plant growth according to covering materials in sweet pepper's greenhouse. For growing period, daily mean internal temperature was not different between glass (GH) and plastic film house (PH), but the changed volume was more PH than GH. Internal humidity deficit was more PH than GH as that was 4.3 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and 5.6 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, respectively. In change of internal temperature effected by different intensity of external light, that of PH was fasted twice that of GH, and that's tendency was effected by difference of internal temperature for several hours after sunrise. Leaf growth and photosynthetic product were more GH than PH, productivity of GH was better 80 percents than PH. As results, To improve productivity in PH compared with productivity in GH need to be the detailed managements of internal environmental factors in early period after sunrise.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2010

To investigate the effect of leaf removal on enlargement and coloring of persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L. cv. 'Fuyu'), four treatments control (0%), 20%, 50%, and 100% depend on leaf removal of fruit bearing branch were applied to persimmon trees. Sunlight intensities around fruits with treatments depend on removal level, compared with natural sunlight intensity (100 percentage level), was 7.9%, 13.6%, 16.4%, and 30%, respectively. Hunter $a^*$ of the fruit with control and 20% removal treatments to harvest season increased continuously. $Chroma^*$ of the fruit since the removal treatments of leaves increased continuously in all treatments, but from seventh week that had a decreasing tendency. The fruit weight and diameter were significantly heavy and short in treatments with 100% removal level. L/D ratio of the fruits had a significant difference between control and the other treatments. Soluble solids of the fruits lowed significantly in treatment with 50% removal level. Hunter $a^*$ of the fruits was better in treatments with control and 20% removal levels, Hunter $b^*$ and $Chroma^*$ lowed significantly in treatment with 20% removal level. $\beta$-Carotene and lycopene concentration of the fruits lowed in treatment with the higher of removal level, total chlorophyll contents had the opposite tendency to the pigments. All results considered, removal level of leaves around fruit on bearing branch in fruit maturation stage had effect on fruit coloring improvement.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2012

The characteristics of chlorpyrifos was studied to clarify the effect of the cultivation season, spray intervals, spray volume and concentration on residues in chilli and sweet peppers cultivated under greenhouse condition. Residue levels of chlorpyrifos detected in chilli pepper fruit cultivated were 1.5 to 2.7 times higher in winter(February-March) than those in summer(June-July). During winter season residue levels of chlorpyrifos in chilli peppers were 6.9~3.2 times higher than those in sweet peppers for 10 days after 3 times application with 7 days interval. Residue levels in chilli pepper were from 2.070 mg/kg at 1 day to 0.929 mg/kg at 10 day, while those in sweet pepper were from 0.302 mg/kg to 0.291 mg/kg. Residue levels in sweet pepper to which are 3 times applied with 7 days interval were from 0.302 mg/kg at 1 day to 0.291 mg/kg at 7 day, and the residue levels in sweet pepper which are 3 times applied with 3 days interval were from 0.498 mg/kg at 1 day to 0.470 mg/kg at 7 day. Residue levels of chlorpyrifos in the sweet peppers applied by double concentration were 2.5 times higher than those sprayed by normal standard amounts diluted in double volume.