• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.384-389
• /
• 2004

The purified ${\beta}-mannanase$ hydrolyzed various gums to mannose, ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$, $Gal^3Man_4$, and D.P 7 of galactosyl mannooligosaccharide, and isolated from the enzymatic hydrolysate for 24 hrs reaction by activated carbon column chromatography and Sephadex G-25 column chromatography. For the elucidate of antioxidant action of ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$, $Gal^3Man_4$ and DP 7 of galactosyl mannooligosaccharide and urea derivatives, coloration, reducing power, antioxidant activity and DPPH test were accomplished. The coloration was high at reaction mixture of ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$, $Gal^3Man_4$ D.P 7 and urea. TLC of reaction mixture of ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$, $Gal^3Man_4$ D.P 7 and ureas showed new reaction products, respectively. but except reaction mixture of ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$ and urea. The reducing power was high at reaction mixture of ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$, $Gal^3Man_4$ D.P 7 and phenylthiourea. The reaction mixture of ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$, $Gal^3Man_4$ D.P 7 and thiourea showed similar radical scavenging activities on DPPH to activity of AsA. The reaction mixture of ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$, $Gal^3Man_4$ D.P 7 and thiourea, phenythiolurea shown strong antioxidative activites on the oxidation of linoneic acid.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2011

The effects of girdling on fruit quality and cold resistance of 'Kyoho' grapes were investigated. Girdling treatment was conducted on the trunk at 10 cm above ground with 1 cm width and grapes were harvested at 90 and 110 days after full bloom to compare the fruit quality. First harvesting rate in girdling treatment was higher than that in non-girdling treatment and coloration was also higher in girdled vines at the final harvest. In other words, coloring process of grape was promoted and enhanced by girdling, but this effect of coloring improvement was decreased after successive girdling treatment. Fruit quality showed no difference between the treated and non-treated berries, but fruit cracking rate was lower in girdled treated berries. Girdled trees were weakened and suffered from freezing damage. Especially, most grapevines withered up after being girdled for three consecutive years. Although girdling had effect on improving the berry coloring significantly, the effect wore off with continuous girdling. And it was possible that consecutive girdling leaded to wither and growth suppression especially in grapevines. These adverse effects may make the continuous girdling technique unsuitable in practice for 'Kyoho' grape.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2002

The experiment described in this paper focused on determining the effects of high-temperature(20$^{\circ}$) treatment of Satsuma mandarins, prior to their storage, on their color development and quality. High-temperature treatment promoted fruit skin color during the storage, decreased the weight loss regardless of their color at the time of their harvest and reduced the decay occurrence until the middle of March, but there was no difference between treatments after the end of March. There was a tendency of higher soluble solid and acid levels in the fruit when high-temperature treatment was applied but this difference was not significant.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2002

We obtained the UV cut-off effect of tinted CR-39 Ophthalmic lens with the respect of concentration of green, brown, blue color. First, we analyzed the UV spectrum of tinted CR-39 lens measured by Spectrophotometer and then compared the UV data by Spectrophotometer with UV data by UV tester used in an optician shop. The result obtained show that the UV cut-off effect is increased with color concentration of tinted CR-39 lens, and the transmittance of 0%~5% at 400nm by Spectrophotometer is correspondence with transmittance of 0% by UV tester.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.426-431
• /
• 2006

Acryl and vinyl sulfone functionalized blue and orange azo dyes were prepared by the coupling reaction of 6-bromo-2-cyano-4-nitroaniline and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(vinylsulfonyl)benzenamine with 3-acrylamido-(N,N-diethylamino)benzene and 3-methyl-(N,N-diethylamino)benzene, respectively, for the coloring of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Allyl functionalized dye was also prepared by reacting vinyl sulfone-containing dye with allylamine. Three types of dyeing method were used: the copolymerization of reactive dye with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and dyeing by polymerization of MMA in the presence of polymeric dye and dye 2 without reactive function. The color fastness for the three PMMAs were evaluated by comparing the solubility of dye under various conditions.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.257-260
• /
• 2009

Gingival hyperpigmentation may cause esthetic problems, especially in patients with a gummy smile. This report presents the use of the $CO_2$ laser for gingival depigmentation. Two cases presented with the same chief complaint of unesthetic gingiva caused by melanin hyperpigmentation. The $CO_2$ laser was setted at 0.8 watt, 40Hz, 0.01sec. The procedure were performed with non-contact mode in all pigmented areas. Ablation of the gingival hyperpigmentation areas were accomplished without any bleeding complications or postoperative pain. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks later, healing is completed and hyperpigmented gingiva appeared pink and firm.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.477-485
• /
• 2012

This study evaluate the influence of food staining food and bleaching on the color (CIELAB) and reflectivity of two-way (anterior & posterior) composite resin and flowable composite resin. There were 6 immersion media: kimchi, red pepper paste, blueberry, tea, curry and distilled water. A total of 36 specimens ($11{\times}11{\times}2$ mm) were prepared and immersed in each immersion media for 8 days at $37^{\circ}C$. Their color and reflectivity measured with the spectrophotometer at baseline and every 24 hours. Data from the color change and reflectivity were collected and subjected to statistical analysis by ANOVA, ANCOVA and RM-ANOVA. Curry showed the highest influence on color change and blueberry on brightness (p<0.001) on both resins. Bleaching after polishing made color change more than polishing or bleaching independently on two-way (anterior & posterior) composite resin, but not on flowable composite resin. It was suggested cleaning the mouth after taking curry and blueberry be needed to maintain the original color of composite resin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 1999.10b
• /
• pp.42-44
• /
• 1999

이전 연구의 무작위 또는 순차 시간배정으로 인해 발생했던중복 배경을 없애고, 보다 효율적인 프로그램의 구현을 위해 시간 배정에 앞서 같은 시간에 올 수 있는 과목들을 그룹화 한다. 본 논문은 그래프 착색 알고리즘과 시간표 작성 알고리즘의 관련성을 보이고, 같은 색으로 착색 가능한 시간들을 묶어 그룹화 함으로써 같은 시간대에 여러 과목을 배정하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.86-91
• /
• 1995

탄소 섬유란 높은 강도, 높은 탄성률 등을 갖고 잇는 소재로서, 복합 재료에 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 스포츠 용품에 대해서도 장식성이 필요한 시대가 되어서 탄소 섬유도 착색할 필요가 있게 되었다. 일반 의류용 섬유를 염색할 때 염료가 섬유를 구성하는 분자에 단분자상으로 흡착한다. 섬유란 사실상 투명하기 때문에 빛이 섬유 내부에 흡착된 염료까지 도달하고, 염료는 빛을 흡수하여 발색한다. 그러나 탄소 섬유의 색은 검고, 빛이 섬유 내부까지 미치지 못하기 때문에 만약 탄소 섬유에 염료를 흡착시키더라도 염료는 발색하지 않게 된다. 한편 검은 탄소 섬유를 표백해서 백색으로 만들기 위해 예를 들어 불소와 반응시키면 검은 탄소 섬유가 백색이 되기는 하지만, 이 불소와 반응한 탄소섬유는 대단히 부서지기 쉬워서, 섬유로 사용할 수 없게 된다. 따라서 탄소섬유는 검은 색 그대로 착색시키지 않으면 안된다. 즉 탄소 섬유는 섬유의 표면에 도료와 같은 색소 층을 붙여서 착색하게 된다.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 1996

Electochromic tungsten oxide thin films were prepared on the ITO coated glass by rf magnetron sputtering from a compressed powder tungsten oxide target in an argonoxygen atmosphere. The influence of the preparation conditions, especially the substrate temperature, on the chemical stability of film was investigated. These films were cycled in 0.6M $LiClO_4$ and 0.6M $H_2SO_4$ electrolyte respecitively, and exhibited electrochromic behavior upon the electrochemical insertion and extraction of ion. Among these tungsten oxide thin films, films prepared at a substrate temperature of $150^{\circ}C$ were found to be most stable in terms of cyclic durability.