• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2012

The management and control of mineral nutrients is one of most important techniques to increase the productivity and the quality of Korean ginseng. The mineral nutrients are measured with different plant tissues and different growth stages of 2-year-old ginseng grown under hydroponic culture with two different temperatures. The content of N, P, Ca, and Mg were higher at low temperature in both leaves and roots than those at high temperature. However, the content of K was high in leaves at low temperature compared to that of high temperature, while it was not significantly different in roots. The uptake amounts of N and K was higher throughout the experimental period at low temperature in both leaves and roots than those at high temperature. However, the uptake amount of P was not clearly different between two different temperatures and among six different growth stages. The uptake amount of N, P, K was generally decreased in leaves from June to August, while it was increased in roots. The relationship between dry weight and mineral nutrients in leaves was appeared positive with N, K, Ca, and Mg, but negative P. In roots, N, K, Ca, and Mg were negative, showing that was positive with only P. Comparing the correlation coefficients among mineral nutrients in leaves, N and K were significantly positive correlation each other. P was significantly positive correlation with Na and Zn. In case of roots, N was highly significant positive correlation with K, Mg, and Mn, but P was negatively correlated with Ca, Cu, Na, Fe, and Zn.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.231-237
• /
• 2012

These studies were conducted to provide basic information on Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) and to identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. The agronomic characteristics was used to clarify the genetic relationships among Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines and to classify them into distinct genetic groups. Angle of petiole and number of fibrous root showed a wide variation from $15.0{\sim}67.8^{\circ}$ and 0~5, respectively. The average plant length was 54.2cm with a range of 37.9~64.8cm and the average stem diameter was 5.6mm with a range of 4.0~7.5mm. The average stem length was 31.9cm with a range of 21.8~37.9cm and the average root weight was 38.1 g with a range of 23.0~52.0 g. The 24 Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines were classified into 4 groups based on agronomic characteristics using the complete linkage cluster analysis. The I, II, III and IV groups included the 60.8%, 7.4%, 13.1% and 8.7% of the cultivars and breeding lines, respectively. The breeding lines in group I could be characterized as the group with the highest growth characters and yield components, such as plant length, stem diameter and root weight. The root weight, the yield component, had highly significant positive correlations with stem diameter, plant length and stem length.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2012

To develop the practical cultivation for paddy field, we investigated the properties of paddy soil, growth characteristics and ginsenoside content of 6-year-old ginseng, Cheonpung variety between poor drainage class (PDC) and imperfect drainage class (IDC). Groundwater level in PDC showed monthly small changes of 20~30 cm, while IDC showed monthly great changes of 28~71 cm depending on rainfall. Soil moisture content in PDC and IDC was 17.2%, 22.5%, respectively. Air temperature in IDC was lower than $0.3^{\circ}C$, while soil temperature was higher than $0.8^{\circ}C$ compare to PDC, respectively. Main soil color of PDC was grayish olive, while IDC was brownish olive. PDC showed yellowish mottles only at underground of 20~40 cm, while IDC showed that at underground of 30~90 cm. IDC showed lower pH, EC, potassium, calcium and magnesium content, but higher organic matter, phosphate, and iron content than that of PDC, respectively. All of EC, organic matter, potassium, calcium, and magnesium content were decreased, but iron content was increased at the subsoil layers of PDC. All of EC, organic matter, phosphorus, and potassium content were decreased, but calcium and magnesium content were increased at the subsoil layers of IDC. Root yield in IDC was more increased by 33% than that of PDC. The moisture content and rusty ratio of ginseng root in IDC were lower than that of PDC. Ginsenoside content in IDC was higher than that of PDC because the ratio of lateral and fine root showing relatively high content of ginsenoside was higher in IDC than that of PDC.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.277-285
• /
• 2012

In this study, Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR) analyses were used to clarify the genetic polymorphisms among Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines and to classify them into distinct genetic groups. Polymorphic and reproducible bands were produced by 14 primers out of total 30 primers used in this study. Fourteen EST-SSR loci generated a total of 123 bands. Amplified PCR products showed the highly reproducible banding patterns at 110~920 bp. The number of amplified bands for each EST-SSR primers ranged from 2 to 19 with a mean of 8.8 bands. P26 and P35 primers showed 13 and 12 banding patterns, respectively. The number of alleles for each EST-SSR locus ranged from 1.67 to 2.00 with a mean of 1.878 alleles. P34 and P60 primers showed the highest and the lowest genetic polymorphism, respectively. Cluster analysis based on genetic similarity estimated by EST-SSR markers classified Korean cultivars and breeding lines into 4 groups. Group included Gopoong and Chunpoong and 9 breeding lines (55%), group included 2 breeding lines (10%), group included 3 breeding lines (15%), group included Gumpoong and 3 breeding lines (20%). Consequently, the EST-SSR marker developed in this study may prove useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and differentiation of Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 2006

교통주제도는 건설교통부와 한국교통연구원이 ${\ulcorner}$국가교통DB구축사업${\lrcorner}$의 일환으로 제작한 것으로, 국토지리정보원의 NGIS 수치지도(축척 1:5,000)를 기반으로 하여 현장조사 및 문헌조사를 통해 갱신, 보완하여 교통 분야의 활용에 적합하도록 구축한 GIS 수치지도이다. 교통주제도는 현장조사와 문헌조사를 통해 수집된 자료를 기반으로 구축되며 이중 교통시설물조사는 문헌자료(준공도로현황 등)를 참고하여 산정된 조사대상에 대하여 GPS 조사시스템을 활용, 도형 및 속성정보를 취득하는 것을 말한다. 조사항목은 도형정보(노드, 링크) 및 속성정보(차선수, 도로번호 등)이며 GPS 조사시스템과 조사원장(도면)을 이용하여 조사한다. 교통시설물조사와 문헌자료조사를 통해 수집된 자료는 단위도엽(1:5,000기준)별로 교통주제도에 반영되며 최종적으로 전국단위의 통합자료로 구축된다 교통주제도는 사용목적과 축척기준에 따라 단순화되며 이를 교통주제도 레벨이라 한다. 교통주제도의 레벨은 총 4단계로 구분되며 현재 레벨2에서 레벨4까지 구축되고 있다. 교통분석용 네트워크는 교통시설투자계획, 수요분석, 타당성 평가와 같은 교통분야의 연구를 수행하기 위해 반드시 필요한 자료이다. 교통분석용 네트워크는 교통주제도보다 더 단순화된 도로망 모델로서 구성요소는 노드(시점, 종점, 죤 센트로이드)와 링크(도로망, 센트로이드 커넥터)이며 도로의 기하구조보다는 논리적 구조(방향성, 노드/링크 연결성 등)에 중점을 둔 데이터이다 교통분석용 네트워크는 교통주제도의 도형과 속성정보를 기반으로 하며 각종 통계자료(도로교통량통계연보 등)를 활용, 구축된다. 교통분석용 네트워크는 구축시점에 따라 현재 및 장래 네트워크로 구분되며 장래 네트워크는 기준년도부터 2031년까지 5년 단위로 계획된 장래도로를 반영하여 구축된다. 교통주제도 및 교통분석용 네트워크는 국가교통DB구축사업을 통해 구축된 자료로서 교통체계효율화법 제9조의4에 따라 공공기관이 교통정책 및 계획수립 등에 활용할 수 있도록 제공하고 있다. 건설교통부의 승인절차를 거쳐 제공하며 활용 후에는 갱신자료 및 활용결과를 통보하는 과정을 거치도록 되어있다. 교통주제도는 국가의 교통정책결정과 관련분야의 기초자료로서 다양하게 활용되고 있으며, 특히 ITS 노드/링크 기본지도로 활용되는 등 교통 분야의 중요한 지리정보로서 구축되고 있다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.351-359
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the factors that affect the length of stay in hospital for schizophrenic patients. Of the data from the in-depth injury patient surveillance system, the final subject included 2,239 patients with schizophrenia in their final diagnosis. Using SPSS 18.0, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed by sequentially entering the explanatory variables by setting sociodemographic characteristics, discharge characteristics and hospital characteristics as explanatory variables and the length of stay in hospital as a dependent variable. The findings showed that the sociodemographic characteristics had the highest explanatory power and the explanatory power changed when the explanatory variable of the hospital characteristics was added, as opposed to the discharge characteristics. Male, type-1 medicaid, Chungcheong-do and the number of beds were found to be the factors that mostly affect the length of stay. Since this study used the secondary data, it has a limitation in terms of additional variables that could better explain the length of stay for schizophrenic patients. Nevertheless, it has an implication in that it investigated a large scale of data on a national level. For the effort of reducing the length of stay, it is suggested that an effort should be made at the national level, by focusing more on the hospital characteristics as well as the individual characteristics of patients.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.113-126
• /
• 1990

With the introduction of the national pension, efficient integration of Korea's four public pension schemes has been discussed. The main point of such discussions is whether to have a progressive scheme or an income-proportional one. Under the assumption of a perfect labor market, it has been proved in the income tax literature that the regressive tax scheme with the 0 % tax rate to the most able person (person earning highest income) is pareto efficient, if there is an incentive problem in the labor supply. In this paper, a life-cycle model with a linear benefit schedule, when there is uncertainty about future earning ability, is studied. It is proved that the second best pension scheme is that having a progressive benefit schedule. This result implies that integration into a progressive pension scheme, like the current national pension, is required not only for efficiency but also for equity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.1070-1077
• /
• 2011

This paper introduces a radar signal processing technique for intelligent rear view monitoring of an automobile. The linear frequency modulation-frequency shift keying(LFM-FSK) waveform, which is the combination of frequency modulation continuous wave(FMCW) and frequency shift keying(FSK) waveform, is employed to simultaneously estimate the range, relative aspect angle, and velocity of an automobile. Hence, it can be applied to monitor the rear view of an automobile. FMCW waveform has high range resolution capability, but it produces ghost targets under a multiple target environment. In contrast, FSK waveform can provide high velocity resolution and avoids the problem of ghost targets. However, it fails to identify multiple targets along the radar's line of sight. With LFM-FSK waveform, we can estimate the ranges and velocities of multiple targets with very high resolution, which avoids the ghost target problem of an FMCW waveform. Simulation result shows that LFM-FSK wavefrom is suitable for use in the lane change assistance system for an automobile.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2003

Bacteria causing fermentation in Oriental melon were identified as three independent groups on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The 16S rDNA sequence of the strain CM2105 showed the highest identity (99.6%) with that of Microbacterium phyllosphaerae, and also indicated high sequence identity to that of M. holiorum (99.5%). The 16S rDNA sequences of the strain CM2101 and CM2121 matched at the high sequence similarity (98.9%, 98.8, respectively), to that of Pseudomonas pavonacea, and the DNA sequence of CM2126 showed high sequence identity to that of P. costantinii (99.5%), and P. grimontii (99.0%). The 16S rDNA sequence of the strain CM2113 showed the highest identity (99.7%) with that of Enterobacter cloacae. The 16S rDNA sequences, the physiological and biochemical analysis suggested that the strain CM2105 belonged to Microbacterium phyllosphaerae, CM2101, CM2121 and CM2126 to Pseudomonas spp., CM2113 to Enterobacter cloacae.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 2006

Understanding the airflow characteristics within the canopy structure installed between closely adjacent tunnels either for light adaptation or for protection from snow hazards is required for the normal ventilation as well as safety system design. Grade, horizontal alignment, cross-sectional area and shape are known to substantially influence the fire smoke behavior and their influences raise great concern for the safety design. This paper aims at studying the effects of tunnel geometrical characteristics and canopy installation on the ventilation and fire propagation through CFD analysis. In the case of 145m long canopy, 50% opening ratio is preferred with respect to the airflow pattern and ventilation efficiency. When a 20MW fire occurs in a 1.8km-long tunnel and four 1250mm reversible jet fans are instantly turned on, smoke concentration at 40m downstream of the fire decrease 13% for the upgrade tunnel with 2% gradient and increases 20% for -2% gradient, compared to the standard horizontal tunnel. Backlayering is observed within 45m-long segment toward the entrance in 2% down-graded tunnel. In a rectangular tunnel, there is no significant difference of smoke concentration as well as velocity profile from the standard crown tunnel. Three-laned tunnel shows lower level of both profiles and backlayering is detected up to 50m upstream of the fire, while the risky situation rapidly disappears thereafter.