• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2015

Stress concentrations around discontinuities, such as a hole or a sudden change in cross section of a structural member, have great important cause in the most materials failure because the stress near the points of application of concentrated loads can reach values much larger than the average value of the stress in the member. This paper presents the stress concentrations between fillet and hole at different locations in a stepped plate under tensile loading. The analysis for interaction effect of stress concentration was performed by photoelasticity and ANSYS which is a commercial finite element software. From the analysis results, the circular hole located at the different position from the fillet radius can cause different values of stress concentration factor within interacting region.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.505-514
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of the visual perception and attention of the people with intellectual disability from the application of the assessment applying an electronic media and traditional paper material. The study subjects were 12 people with intellectual disability, To assess the visual perception, the motor free visual perception test-3 was used and the trail making test was used to assess the visual attention. After the assessment of the visual perception and attention applying the traditional paper material, the assessment applying the electronic media. The results of the visual perception and attention showed the difference of the visual perception and attention, and the scores of the visual perception and attention applying the assessment of the electronic media showed the more higher than the assessment of the traditional paper material. The electronic media could be worked as a factor to increase the visual perception and attention of the people with intellectual disability. Thus, the difference should be considered to apply the electronic media for them.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.229-239
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• 2023

This research as a literature study is to clarify solution method of hypochondriasis through focused distraction. Hypochondriasis is called by various terms such as somatization symptoms, health anxiety, illness phobia, illness anxiety disorder, hypochondriacal disorder, hypochondriacal neurosis, and hypochondria personality disorder. Hypochondria is basically a factor that causes worry, fear, anxiety, and even phobia, lowering the quality of life at home, work, and society. As the quality of life of individuals is decreasing, the field of counseling psychology and psychological counseling has the task of solving this problem and restoring psychological peace. Accordingly, this study is an attempt to explore the symptoms of hypochondria by using the distraction strategy among cognitive strategies as a way to resolve the condition. Focused distraction strategy can be said to be a kind of cognitive 'avoidance strategy'. Focused distraction strategy is a way to avoid being overly focused on one's health. In addition, it weakens health concerns by 'dispersing' or 'distracting' the 'attention' focused on health in another direction.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.51-69
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• 2020

Now, it is a stylized fact that a small number of technology firms such as Apple, Alphabet, Microsoft, Amazon, Facebook and a few others have become larger and dominant players in an industry. Coupled with the rise of these leading firms, we have also observed that a large number of young firms have become an acquisition target in their early IPO stages. This indeed results in a sharp decline in the number of new entries in public exchanges although a series of policy reforms have been promulgated to foster competition through an increase in new entries. Given the observed industry trend in recent decades, a number of studies have reported increased concentration in most developed countries. However, it is less understood as to what caused an increase in industry concentration. In this paper, we uncover the mechanisms by which industries have become concentrated over the last decades by tracing the changes in industry concentration associated with a firm's status change in its early IPO stages. To this end, we put emphasis on the case in which firms are acquired shortly after they went public. Especially, with the transition to digital-based economies, it is imperative for incumbent firms to adapt and keep pace with new ICT and related intelligent systems. For instance, after the acquisition of a young firm equipped with AI-based solutions, an incumbent firm may better respond to a change in customer taste and preference by integrating acquired AI solutions and analytics skills into multiple business processes. Accordingly, it is not unusual for young ICT firms become an attractive acquisition target. To examine the role of M&As involved with young firms in reshaping the level of industry concentration, we identify a firm's status in early post-IPO stages over the sample periods spanning from 1990 to 2016 as follows: i) being delisted, ii) being standalone firms and iii) being acquired. According to our analysis, firms that have conducted IPO since 2000s have been acquired by incumbent firms at a relatively quicker time than those that did IPO in previous generations. We also show a greater acquisition rate for IPO firms in the ICT sector compared with their counterparts in other sectors. Our results based on multinomial logit models suggest that a large number of IPO firms have been acquired in their early post-IPO lives despite their financial soundness. Specifically, we show that IPO firms are likely to be acquired rather than be delisted due to financial distress in early IPO stages when they are more profitable, more mature or less leveraged. For those IPO firms with venture capital backup have also become an acquisition target more frequently. As a larger number of firms are acquired shortly after their IPO, our results show increased concentration. While providing limited evidence on the impact of large incumbent firms in explaining the change in industry concentration, our results show that the large firms' effect on industry concentration are pronounced in the ICT sector. This result possibly captures the current trend that a few tech giants such as Alphabet, Apple and Facebook continue to increase their market share. In addition, compared with the acquisitions of non-ICT firms, the concentration impact of IPO firms in early stages becomes larger when ICT firms are acquired as a target. Our study makes new contributions. To our best knowledge, this is one of a few studies that link a firm's post-IPO status to associated changes in industry concentration. Although some studies have addressed concentration issues, their primary focus was on market power or proprietary software. Contrast to earlier studies, we are able to uncover the mechanism by which industries have become concentrated by placing emphasis on M&As involving young IPO firms. Interestingly, the concentration impact of IPO firm acquisitions are magnified when a large incumbent firms are involved as an acquirer. This leads us to infer the underlying reasons as to why industries have become more concentrated with a favor of large firms in recent decades. Overall, our study sheds new light on the literature by providing a plausible explanation as to why industries have become concentrated.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.235-246
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• 2009

This study theoretically reviews the basin storage coefficient and concentration time using the Nash model, a simple unit hydrograph theory. First, the storage coefficient and concentration time of Nash instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) are derived based on their definitions, whose characteristics as well as their relationship are also reviewed. Additionally, several empirical equations of storage coefficient and concentration time commonly used in Korea are evaluated by comparing them with those for the Nash IUH. Major results of this study are summarized as follows. (1) The concentration time of Nash IUH is approximately linearly proportional to the number of linear reservoirs, but the storage coefficient non-linearly to the square root. That is, if increasing the number of linear reservoirs by four times, the concentration time becomes also increased by about four times, but the storage coefficient only about two times. This result has a special meaning to understand the effect of basin subdivision on the concentration time and storage coefficient. (2) The storage coefficient and concentration time of Nash IUH are not independent each other, so their independent estimation does not make any physical sense. As the concentration time among the two is more sensitive to the number of linear reservoirs, which should be estimated first, then the storage coefficient considering the concentration time estimated. (3) Empirical equations of concentration time can be divided into two groups, one following the linear channel theory and the other not, whose equation forms are also found to be very similar. This result indicates that the characteristic factors dominating the concentration time are very similar, indicating the possibility of its regionalization over a basin with consistent equation forms. (4) Those for storage coefficient like the Russell formulae are found to consider the physical characteristics of a basin, so their unreasonable applications could sufficiently be excluded.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.3-14
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• 2015

This study has extracted observation data by spatial factor for the analysis of subjects' selective attention with the objects of public space at the entrance of subway stations. The methods extracting observation data can be summarized as the following. First, the frequency analysis by lattice was prevalent for those methods, but there is a limitation to the analysis of the observation data. On the contrary, the method extracting observation data by factor applied in this study can make it clear if any sight is concentrated on any particular factors in a space. Second, the results from the extracted data corresponding to the observation area can be objectified while the method setting up the observation area by applying the radius of fovea. Third, time-sequential trace of observation results of relevant factors was possible through hourly analysis of spatial factors. The consideration of the results of "corresponding spatial scope" which is the object of this study will reveal that the more the observation time, the less the degree of attention it receives. Fourth, the frequency of observation superiority was applied for the analysis of the sections with selective attention by time scope; this revealed that men and women had intensive observation in time scope I (52.4 %) and in time scope IV (24.0 %), respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.1 s.62
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• pp.1-6
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• 1985

The data on the striped rice, borer populations, collected in the four years from 1973 to 1976, was reanalyzed to study the characteristics in the aggregation pattern of the insect larvae in the paddy fields. The distribution pattern of the larvae was well fitted to the negative binomial model in both the first and the second generation. With reference to the Green's coefficient of dispersion estimated, the aggregation of the larvae was categorized into three phases: initial high aggregation, changing, and dispersed stable phase. Except the changing phase, each phase in each generation could be defined by a common k. The phase-change was initiated by the larval dispersal between hills of the rice plants: the larvae of the third stage and those of the fifth stage, for the first and second generation, respectively. The characteristics of the aggregation pattern were stable in the second generation. In the first genaration, the pattern was more or less variable, indicating that the life system of the insect in the first generation was more susceptible to the variations of the external physical factors than that in the second generation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.296-300
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• 2007

우리나라에 내리는 대부분의 강수량은 6월${\sim}$8월의 장마기간 혹은 태풍의 영향으로 인해 발생한다. 특히 국지적으로 발생하는 집중호우로 인해 많은 인명, 재산 피해 등이 발생한다. 우리나라에서 집중호우로 인한 피해는 거의 매년 발생하고 있으며, 집중호우의 발생 지역은 특정 지역에 국한되어 있지 않다. 따라서 집중호우 발생으로 인한 피해 방지를 위해 사전에 충분한 준비를 해야 한다. 2006년 7월 8일부터 10일까지 3일 동안 진주지역 306.5mm, 합천지역 259.5mm, 산청지역 366.0mm의 집중호우가 발생하였으며, 이 기간 동안 이들 지역 외에도 전국적으로 태풍 에위니아(EWINIAR)의 영향으로 많은 호우가 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 2006년 7월 진주지역 집중호우 특성 연구를 위해 진주지역 시강우 자료를 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 시강우 자료를 이용하여 진주지역 재현기간별 확률강우량을 산정하였고 2006년 7월 8일부터 10일까지의 강우분포형태를 설계강우분포형과 비교하였다. 또한 2006년 7월 발생했던 진주지역 집중호우의 무차원 누가곡선을 작성하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 일최대 강우량의 경우 그 크기가 50년 혹은 80년 이내였으며, 강우분포형의 경우 하천정비기본계획의 경우 Mononobe 중앙집중형이였지만, 지난 호우의 경우 후방위의 강우가 연속적으로 발생한 형태였다. 또한 대부분의 강우가 6시간 이내에 내려 첨두홍수 발생에 많은 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 이상기후와 같은 자연 현상에 대비하기 위해서는 단시간 호우에 대한 정확한 분석과 강우분포에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 생각된다.적자색의 미려한 결정이 석출되므로 이 결정을 여과하여 ethanol로 세척하고 진공 desiccator중에서 건조시켰다. 수득량 1.2~1.3g.)와의 조환가는 11.9565의 상인연소현상을 보였다. 삭과색(Y) 경색(R) 유전자간에는 어느것이나 연소현상이 보이지 않았다. 4. 단일반응성의 변이는 연소적이며 우성은 거의 인정되지 않았고 인자간의 상호작용도 인정되지 않았으며 상가적 유전을 보였다. 광의와 협의의 유전력은 각각 89.50%로서 실용적으로 대단히 높은 것으로 생각되었으며 단일반응성에 관여하는 유전자수는 2대의 인자로 추정하였고 다시 양친의 유전자형을 aabb AABB라고 측정하여 각인자의 작용가는 11.136일로 산출되었고 분해법에 의한 유전분석결과 유전자형의 관찰빈도분포와 이론빈도분포는 서로 잘 적합되었다. 단일반응성에 있어서 유전력이 대단히 높았으므로 비교적 초기세대에서 본 형질의 선발이 가능할 것 같았다. 5. 단일반응성과 엽형 및 엽병색 유전자와의 사이에 $F_2$, $BC_1$ 및 $BC_2$에서 각각 유의적인 상관관계를 볼 수 있었으므로 이들 형질간에 연소가 있는 것으로 인정되었다. 더욱 엽형과 엽병색과의 연소가 있는 것으로 인정되는 이상단일반응성 유전자와의 사이에 연소군이 인정된다. 6. 섬유중 유전자와 엽병색 및 엽형유전자와의 사이에 $F_2$$BC_1$ 및 $BC_2$에서 각각 유의적 상관관계를 볼 수 있었으므로 이를 형질간에 연소가 있는 것으로 인정되었다. 더욱 엽형과 엽병색과의 연소가 있는 것으로 인정되는 이상 섬유중 유전

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2019

Objective : This study investigated the effect of intensive weight shift training (IWST) on the ability to balance in a sitting posture of children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). Methods : One child with spastic diplegia participated in this study for a total of 8 weeks using the ABA experimental design. For the pre-intervention period (A1), general physical therapy (GPT) for children with SCP was performed. The intervention period (B1 and B2), GPT and IWST were conducted for children with SCP, and GPT was conducted again for the post-intervention period (A'1 and A'2). Trunk control capacity was measured using the Korean Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS-K) and Biorescue (RM Ingenierie, France). Results : All TCMS-K variables increased from A1 to B2, and decreased from B2 to A'2. The total area with limit of stability (LOS) increased from A1 to B2, and decreased from B2 to A'2. The ratio of the left/right (Lt/Rt) and anterior/posterior (Ant/Post) LOS area was closer to 1, meaning symmetry, in B2 than in A1. The ratio of the Lt/Rt LOS area decreased further from 1 in A'2 than in B2. The ratio of the Ant/Post LOS area was closer to 1 in A'2 than in B2. Conclusion : IWST had a positive effect on the improvement of balance in the sitting posture of a child with SCP. The results suggest that IWST might help to improve the balance abilities of children with SCP for independent sitting, postural control, and activities of daily living.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

A study was conducted on the effects of improving concentration by obscuring the peripheral vision using a blindfold that only covers the left and right sides of the field of view. The blindfold was trapezoidal in shape (5 × 4.8 cm in length and width) and was fixed to the left and right sides of the glasses with fixing clips. The material was a black-colored polypropylene (PP) and weighed 2.3 g including the clip. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were performed on 50 healthy college students during the 15 days of using a blindfold. The qualitative analysis was performed utilizing a questionnaire regarding the improvement of concentration and the structure of the blindfold. EEG was measured while watching a learning video that required attention for quantitative analysis, and signal power and ERD/S analyses were performed for the mid β band (15-20 Hz) at the F4 position, which was the frontal lobe. The results showed that 40 of the 50 people reported improved concentration when they wore a vision shield, and 80% of the total subjects found it to be effective. From the quantitative evaluation, the ERS peak (p = 0.023) and the ERD + ERS peak value showed a significant difference (p = 0.017). In conclusion, concentration still improved even if only the left and right visual fields were used. Thus, it is expected that blindfolding could be used in various environments that require concentration.