Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2009.42.3.235

A Theoretical Review of Basin Storage Coefficient and Concentration Time Using the Nash Model  

Yoo, Chul-Sang (Dept. of Architectural, Civil & Environmental Eng., Korea Univ.)
Publication Information
Journal of Korea Water Resources Association / v.42, no.3, 2009 , pp. 235-246 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study theoretically reviews the basin storage coefficient and concentration time using the Nash model, a simple unit hydrograph theory. First, the storage coefficient and concentration time of Nash instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) are derived based on their definitions, whose characteristics as well as their relationship are also reviewed. Additionally, several empirical equations of storage coefficient and concentration time commonly used in Korea are evaluated by comparing them with those for the Nash IUH. Major results of this study are summarized as follows. (1) The concentration time of Nash IUH is approximately linearly proportional to the number of linear reservoirs, but the storage coefficient non-linearly to the square root. That is, if increasing the number of linear reservoirs by four times, the concentration time becomes also increased by about four times, but the storage coefficient only about two times. This result has a special meaning to understand the effect of basin subdivision on the concentration time and storage coefficient. (2) The storage coefficient and concentration time of Nash IUH are not independent each other, so their independent estimation does not make any physical sense. As the concentration time among the two is more sensitive to the number of linear reservoirs, which should be estimated first, then the storage coefficient considering the concentration time estimated. (3) Empirical equations of concentration time can be divided into two groups, one following the linear channel theory and the other not, whose equation forms are also found to be very similar. This result indicates that the characteristic factors dominating the concentration time are very similar, indicating the possibility of its regionalization over a basin with consistent equation forms. (4) Those for storage coefficient like the Russell formulae are found to consider the physical characteristics of a basin, so their unreasonable applications could sufficiently be excluded.
Keywords
unit hydrograph; storage coefficient; concentration time; Nash model;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 윤태훈, 김성탁, 박진원 (2005). '한국 중소하천의 Clark 모형 도달시간 및 저류상수의 재정의.' 대한토목학회논문집, 대한토목학회, 제25권, 제3호, pp.181-187
2 정종호, 금종호, 윤용남 (2003). '도달시간 산정 방법의 개발.' 한국수자원학회 학술대회 논문집, 한국수자원학회, pp. 137-140   과학기술학회마을
3 Boyd, M.J. (1978). 'A storage-routing model relating drainage basin hydrology and geomorphology.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 921-928   DOI
4 Hack, J.T. (1957). 'Studies of longitudinal profiles in virginia and maryland.' USGS Professional Paper 294-B
5 Clark, C.O. (1945). 'Storage and the unit hydrograph.' Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 110, pp. 1419-1446
6 Dooge, J.C.I. (1967). 'The hydrologic cycle as a closed system.' Proceedings of International Hydrology Symposium, pp. 58-68
7 Kerby, W.S. (1959). 'Time of concentration for overland flow.' Civil Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 3. p. 60
8 유동훈, 전우용, 엄호식 (1998). '도달시간 산정식.' 한국수자원학회 학술대회 논문집, 한국수자원학회, pp. 44-49   과학기술학회마을
9 성기원 (1999). '유역의 상사성을 이용한 Clark 모형의 매개변수 해석.' 한국수자원학회논문집, 한국수자원학회, 제32권, 제4호, pp. 427-435   과학기술학회마을
10 안태진, 최강훈 (2007). '강우-유출 자료에 의한 Clark 모형의 저류상수 결정.' 한국수자원학회 학술발표회 논문집, 한국수자원학회, pp. 1454-1458   과학기술학회마을
11 윤석영, 홍일표 (1995). 'Clark 모형의 매개변수 산정방법 개선.' 대한토목학회논문집, 대한토목학회, 제15권, 제5호, pp. 1287-1300
12 윤태훈, 박진원 (2002). 'Clark 단위도의 저류상수 산정방법의 개선.' 한국수자원학회 학술대회 논문집, 한국수자원학회, pp. 1334-1339
13 전민우 (1991). '단일 저수지모형에 의한 유역의 저류상수 추정.' 건설기술논문집, 충북대학교 건설기술연구소, 제9권, 제2호, pp. 3-10
14 전민우 (2005). '지형학적 인자에 의한 유역 저류상수의 결정.' 건설기술논문집, 충북대학교 건설기술연구소, 제24권, 제1호, pp. 149-160
15 정종호, 윤용남 (2007). 수문학, 청문각
16 Amorocho, J. and Brandstetter, A. (1971). 'Determination of nonlinear functional response functions in rainfall runoff processes.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 1087-1101   DOI
17 Nash, J.E. (1957). 'The form of the instantaneous unit hydrograph.' International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 114-121
18 Bruen, M. and Dooge, J.C.I. (1984). 'An efficient and robust method for estimating unit hydrograph ordinate.' Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 70, pp. 1-24   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Kirpich, P.Z. (1940). 'Time of concentration of small agricultural watersheds.' Civil Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 6. p. 362
20 Linsley, R.K, Kohler, M.A., and Paulhus, I.L. (1982). Hydrology for engineers, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York
21 Pilgrim, D.H. (1976). 'Travel times and nonlinearity of fold runoff from tracer measurements on a small watershed.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 587-595   DOI
22 Rigon, R., Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., Maritan, A., Giacometti, A., Tarboton, D.G., and Rinaldo, A. (1996). 'On Hack's law.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 32, No. 11, pp. 3367-3374   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Russel, S.O., Kenning, B.F.I., and Sunnell, G.J. (1979). 'Estimating design flows for urban drainage.' Journal of the Hydraulics division, Vol. 105, N0. 1, pp. 43-52
24 Sabol, G.V. (1988). 'Clark unit hydrograph and R-parameter estimation.' Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 114, No. 1, pp. 103-111   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Soil Conservation Service (SCS) (1985). National Engineering Handbook, U.S. Department of Agriculture