• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2012

This paper describes an experimental study on efficiency of solar collector in solar water heating system connected to hourly water heating load. In general, the functional form of solar efficiency is expressed as a function of fluid temperature entering solar collector, ambient temperature, and solar irradiance. When energy saving from solar heating of water heating system is analyzed on along-term basis such as one year with given solar irradiance data, simplified analysis is more convenient han detailed system simulation for quick assessment. However, the functional form of the efficiency is not convenient for approximately simplified energy analysis because the inlet temperature can be obtained through a detailed system simulation. In the study, solar collector efficiency is obtained with various daily water heating load sand daily solar irradiance using experimental tests. The study also considers large residential buildings such as apartment buildings for application of solar water heating systems. From test results, it is found that daily solar collector efficiency is proportional to daily water heating loads and daily solar irradiance. The data obtained from the study can be utilized to find a functional relation between daily solar irradiance and daily heating load in stead of collector inlet temperature for application of solar collector efficiency to long-term approximated energy analysis of solar heating system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

The use of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) to generate electricity is one of the methods proposed to utilize renewable energy and to protect the environment. In this study, simulations were performed to investigate the effect of weather conditions in the Ulsan region, Korea, on the efficiency of a solar-heating OTEC (SH-OTEC) system. This system utilizes solar thermal energy as the secondary heat source. Various working fluids were also simulated to select one that is suitable for this system. The results showed that R152A, R600, and R600A, in that order, were the most suitable working fluids. The effective area of the solar collector for a $20^{\circ}C$ increase in the collector outlet temperature fluctuated from 50 to $97m^2$ owing to the change in the monthly average solar gain. The annual average efficiency of the SH-OTEC increases to 6.23%, compared to that of a typical conventional OTEC, which is 2-4%.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2007

The 5kWt dish solar collector is designed and the preliminary performance test for this is carried out. The diameter of the parabolic dish is 3.2 m, and its focal length is 2 m. It consists of 10 small reflectors which have their own curvatures, and the effective reflecting area is $5.9\;m^2$, and the rim angle of the dish is $43.85^{\circ}$. The reflectivity of reflectors is 0.95, and the thermal capacity of the system is about 5 kW thermal. The aperture diameter of the cylindrical-shape receiver which is made of stainless steel is 100 mm, and the height is 210 mm. A quartz window is installed at the receiver aperture to minimize the convective heat loss and prevent air leakage. In order to increase the heat transfer area, porous materials (nickel-alloy) are inserted into the receiver. Air flows into the upper part of the receiver which is the opposite side of the aperture. After the air flows through the inside of the receiver, that goes out of the receiver through 3 exits which are located near the aperture. The volumetric flow rates of air are varied from 600 to 1200 L/min. The results show that the system efficiency and receiver efficiency increase as the volume flow rate increases.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.112.2-112.2
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• 2011

PVT(Photovoltaic Thermal) 모듈은 태양광과 태양열 에너지를 동시 이용이 가능한 모듈로서 태양광전지(PV, Photovoltaic)모듈에 열교환기를 접합한 형태로 전기에너지뿐만 아니라 열에너지를 동시에 생산할 수 있는 시스템이다. 기존 PV 모듈은 일사량이 많으면 전력 생산량이 증가하는 동시에 PV모듈의 온도가 상승함에 따라 발전 효율이 감소하는 문제점이 있으며 일반적으로 $25^{\circ}C$이상 조건에서 모듈 온도가 $10^{\circ}C$ 증가할수록 발전효율의 약 4~5% 정도 감소하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. PVT 모듈은 기존 태양광모듈에 열교환기를 접합하여 냉각함으로써 PV모듈의 온도를 낮추어 발전효율을 증가시키는 동시에 부가적으로 발생하는 온수를 직접이용하거나 다양한 계통의 보조 열원으로 이용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석기법(CFD)을 활용하여 PV모듈 냉각 및 온수 발생을 위한 열교환기를 설계하였으며 다양한 형상의 열교환기에 대해 유동해석을 수행하여 최적의 열흡수효율을 갖는 열교환기의 형상을 설계하였다. 또한 최적 설계된 PVT 모듈을 제작하여 실제 태양과 유사한 광원을 갖는 인공태양조건에서의 실내 실험을 통해 PVT 모듈의 성능을 검증하였으며 또한 실제 노상에 설치하여 ASHRAE 93-77의 실험기준과 ECN의 PVT 집열기 성능측정 가이드라인에 따라 옥외 시험평가를 하여 PVT 모듈의 성능 검증을 하였다. 최적 설계된 PVT모듈에 대한 성능평가 결과 기존 PV 모듈보다 발전효율이 약 15%(기존 발전효율 대비) 향상된 결과를 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.9-18
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• 2011

태양광열 복합 시스템(photovoltaic/thermal hybrid solar system, PV/T)은 태양광 모듈 및 태양열 집열판의 단일화를 통한 전기 및 열에너지의 동시 생산이 가능하도록 구성되고 기존 태양광 모듈의 온도 상승에 따른 효율 저하의 문제점을 보완 및 발생하는 열을 회수하여 온수 생산이 가능한 장치이다. 본 연구에서는 액체형 PV/T 시스템의 대표적인 두 형태인 박스형과 튜브형의 성능 검증을 위하여 수학적 모델링을 통한 두 시스템의 열 및 전기적 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 모델링은 에너지 평형식을 이용하여 시간에 따른 각 부분의 온도의 변화를 예측할 수 있도록 수립되었으며 계산된 결과를 기준으로 전기, 열, 및 전체효율을 도출해 내고, 이를 바탕으로 두 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 바탕으로, 박스형 PV/T 시스템의 최고 온수 온도는 $52^{\circ}C$로 예측되었고, 반면에 튜브형은 $48^{\circ}C$에 머물렀다. 또한 열효율은 박스형이 최대 51%, 튜브형이 41%, 전기효율은 박스형이 약 14%, 그리고 튜브형이 13%로 나타났으며, 전체효율은 박스형이 73%, 그리고 튜브형이 64%로 나타나 박스형 PV/T 시스템이 튜브형보다 더 나은 성능을 가지는 것으로 예측되었다. 이는 박스형이 튜브형보다 태양광 모듈과 온수와의 접촉면적이 넓어 더 많은 열전달이 발생하기 때문으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

최근에 에너지절약 차원에서 종래의 공조방식을 대신할 새로운 냉난방시스템 개발이 요구되고 있는데, 본 논문에서는 태양열 집열기를 이용하는 데시컨트 시스템 중 제습역할을 실질적으로 담당하는 제습기의 충진층 부분에서의 열 및 물질전달에 관한 일련의 해석 결과를 발표하고 있다. 제습과정에서 액체흡수제는 충진층에서 열 뿐만 아니라 물질전달을 수반하게 되는데, 이 결과 건물에 냉방 및 난방효과를 가져다 준다. 따라서 이 충진층의 최적 설계가시스템의 효율을 극대화하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 중요한데, 이를 위해서는 충진층에서의 열 및 물질전달 양상을 규명하여야 한다. 따라서 금번 실험에서는 공기와 액체흡수제와의 접촉면적을 넓히기 위해서 충진재로써 3cm(직경) ${\times}$ 3cm(높이)인 시판중인 플라스틱 재질을 사용하고, 실질적으로 40cm(너비)${\sim}$40cm(깊이)${\times}$40cm(높이)의 충진층을 직접 제작하여 실험을 행하였다. 그 결과, 공기측 열 및 물질전달 계수는 공기 온도와 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있으며, 또한 물질전달계수는 열전달계수와 같은 경향을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.156-165
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the drying characteristics of onion and dehumidifying effect of air using the silica gel and to reuse it by solar collector. The results were summarized as follows. 1. It takes 14hours to regenerate to silica gel of 8% moisture content from saturated silica gel in conditions of $28^{\circ}c$ temperature and 55% relative humidity. 2. When sample was recycled through solar collector, the result of drying was 1/2 times more efficient than that of mat drying. 3. Average thermal efficiency of solar collector was 25% during the experimental period. 4. Browning extent was reduced to 1/2 times at heated air blow drying system using drying chamber.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.453-460
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• 2013

The surface roughness and heat transfer enhancement devices are known to increase the performance of a flat plate soar collector. This study includes the experiments on the effect of the several heat transfer enhancement devices inserted in duct to simulate the flat-plate solar collector. Experiment was basically at a constant heat flux on the upper duct wall. Inserted heat transfer enhancement devices are Chamfered rib $10^{\circ}$, Chamfered rib $20^{\circ}$, Rib & Groove and Rib & Dimple. Reynolds number is in the range of 2,300 to 22,000 which corresponds to turbulent regime. With the heat transfer enhancement devices, heat transfer would increase by the secondary flow and the increase of the heat transfer area. Pressure drop also increases with the insertion of the enhancement devices. Rib & Dimple model is the best in heat transfer enhancement, however, Chamfered rib $10^{\circ}$ model is the lowest in the pressure drop. Considering the heat transfer enhancement simultaneously with low pressure drop increase, performance factor was the best for the Chamfered rib $10^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2014

We have performed experiments to enhance the stratification in a storage tank in order to raise the collector efficiency and solar fraction in solar thermal systems. The storage tank with a spiral jacket in the side wall has a scroll-shaped heat exchanger coil added to the upper part. The performance was compared between only the side and upper-side heating part through simulation using TRNSYS under the same weather conditions and initial conditions. As a result, the upper-side heating has a 4.2% advantage in solar fraction, but almost no increase in collector efficiency.

• Solar Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 1998

This study has been carried out to develop a thermo-diode system capable of adjusting heat flow direction, solar absorptivity and thermal capacity. What we call "Smart Module" here has emerged from a series of repeated processes involving design, construction and test. In all, it is found that liquid thermo-diode systems are viable in harnessing the sun's energy. The module can be applied for space heating in winter and reduce the cooling load of buildings in summer.