• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.235-240
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• 2009

지하에 건설되는 터널은 구조상 반 밀폐적인 특성을 가지고 외부와 차단되어 있기 때문에 화재발생시 연기에 의한 질식의 위험성이 크고 다수의 이용자들이 쉽게 패닉현상에 빠지게 되고 많은 연기와 유독가스에 노출되어 생명의 위협을 받게 된다. 또한 연기와 유독가스 호흡에 의한 체내유입은 인체상의 여러 가지 부작용을 초래하는 등 피해를 가져올 수 있다. 이러한 피해를 예방하고 최소화하기 위해 방재설비를 시설하고 운영하는데 국내의 방재시설에 대한 규정은 지하공간을 관리 관장하는 기관과 용도에 따라 각각 다르게 적용하고 있어 터널관련 방재시설의 변천에 대하여 알아보고 현재의 설치 기준과 문제점을 살펴보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.45-50
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• 2009

지하에 건설되는 터널은 구조상 반 밀폐적인 특성을 가지고 외부와 차단되어 있기 때문에 화재발생시 연기에 의한 질식의 위험성이 크고 다수의 이용자들이 쉽게 패닉현상에 빠지게 되고 많은 연기와 유독가스에 노출되어 생명의 위협을 받게 된다. 또한 연기와 유독가스 호흡에 의한 체내유입은 인체상의 여러 가지 부작용을 초래하는 등 피해를 가져올 수 있다. 이러한 피해를 예방하고 최소화하기 위해 방재설비를 시설하고 운영하는데 국내의 방재시설에 대한 규정은 지하공간을 관리 관장하는 기관과 용도에 따라 각각 다르게 적용하고 있어 터널관련 방재시설의 변천에 대하여 알아보고 현재의 설치 기준과 문제점을 살펴보았다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

Combustion Toxic Effects among several factors of risk encountered during fire are important in the evacuation and final survival, and they are broader and fatal than the direct damages caused by flame. Most studies on fire toxicity until the present are limited to fatality, mainly deaths by fire through pathological research. In this study, it is conducted as a fundamental experiment to address 3 principles of animal experiment and to provide an alternative test to animal testing that is regulated by national building codes and it was conducted through approval by the animal testing ethics committee. Hence, in this study average time of activity stop was measured after directly inhaling toxic gases (HCN) to laboratory animals (mice) through gas toxicity test (KS F 2271) for major asphyxiating gases(HCN) which are produced during fire combustion. effects of Combustion toxic gases on body were quantitatively analyzed through changes in internal organs and hematological analysis, and electrophoresis of a single cell of these laboratory animals. Biological conclusion of combustion toxicology is drawn through approaches (pathological examination, blood test, blood biochemical test, electrophoresis analysis of single cell) which could not confirmed in existing gas toxicity test.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2013

The gas production plants supply the inert gas to production plants for maintaining safe operation and also supply combustible, flammable, explosive and toxic gases as functions of basic materials needed for producing chemical goods. In addition, gas plants need to be safe and reliable operation because they are operated under high temperature, high pressure, cryogenic and catalytic reactions. As these plants have a complex process in operation, there has been a risk that major industrial accidents such as a fire, explosion and toxic gas released, also risks of asphyxiations by inert gases and burns caused by high temperature and cryogenic substances. This study is to carry out the semi quantitative risk assesment method which is the generic risk analysis (GRA). This method is applied to air separation unit(ASU) to identify its initial risk, safety barriers, residual risk and elements important for safety(EIS). The result of this study, suggested the management tools and procedures of implementation for EIS management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 1998

This paper deals with the combustion characteristics of flue gas in infared mobile heaters. The experimental work has been performed to obtain the concentration levels and combustion characteristics of flue gas with varying chamber size and room temperature. The experimental results showed that oxygen depletion sensor device was operated at the oxygen concentration level of $18.3\%$ for all the chamber size. The combustion characteristics of oxygen and carbon dioxide show a linearity After 10 minutes the combustion property of carbon monoxide occurs at random without a level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in closed space of the heater. In these results, it is very important to prevent incomplete combustion through a sufficient ventilation, and accident prevention with a reduction of the oxygen and diffusion of toxic carbon monoxide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.246-249
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• 2009

Test and launch facilities which use oxygen as the propellant of a launch vehicle have hazards of fire and explosion by the leakage of oxygen. Also, the personnel operating the facilities, which use the high-pressured gases like nitrogen and helium in the closed room, is exposed to the hazard of death from suffocation. Consequently, we should keep out of the hazards and the accidents by monitoring the contents of oxygen in the air. The method and the system construction for monitoring oxygen contents in the air and the results from its application to Naro space center are described on this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.26-30
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• 2011

Instantaneous water heater being not properly installed and not adequately maintained may produce fatal accidents due to carbon monoxide poisoning and suffocation. Insufficient supply of air into the gas appliance for complete burning of the fuel or blocking the outlet of the combustion gas could be a cause to increase carbon monoxide concentration in the exhaust gas of the gas appliance. In this work, the experiments are done with a collected instantaneous water heater using in domestic and the concentration of oxygen near the gas appliance and carbon monoxide in exhaust gas are observed to investigate the risk of instantaneous water heater. The concentration of oxygen near the gas appliance is reduced until 17.7% for the ratio of the ventilation area and floor area being 3.5%. If the outlet of combustion gas is blocked, the carbon monoxide concentration is steeply increasing more than 4,000ppm. Therefore, periodic checking the outlet of combustion gas is more important than vent area to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2010

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the possibilities of an industrial $N_2$ generator that it replace Halon series as a natural extinguishing system. And this study comparison design standard of gas series extinguishing system with natural extinguishing system. We manufactured simple protected enclosure for analyzing fire-extinguishing performance of the $N_2$ generator. As a $N_2$ gas is exhausted on protected enclosure, a various of Oxygen concentration is measured to analyze fireextinguishing performance experimentally. The results, in case of $100m^3$ protected enclosure and $5m^3$/min $N_2$ flow rate, the Oxygen concentration is decreased below 15% within 3 minutes. And so, the $N_2$ generator make full use of an suffocating extinguishing system.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.577-582
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• 1999

The blood toluene concentration was determined by using the GC/MSD with HS-SPME technique in postmortem blood, quantitatively. Butane gases was analyzed by using the GC/FID with HS technique in postmortem blood, qualitatively. Seventy five cases of dead associated with inhalation of glue or butane gases happened in Korea for the last 3 years (1996-1998). In 27 cases of deah due to glue sniffing, nine persons died as a result of a fall while intoxication and their blood tolucne concentration was fairly high in the range of $1.3{\sim}21.6{\mu}g/mL$. In case of death due to butane sniffing, fifty four persons died of acute butane gases inhalation or suffocation, and 6 persons died of butane gases as well as glue inhalation.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.140.1-140.1
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• 2011

최근 자동차용 휘발유에 메탄올을 불법 혼합시켜 유통시키는 사례가 빈번히 적발되고 있다. 정상적인 연료에 알코올이 불법 혼합될 경우, 장치 내 고무류와 금속류를 부식시키며, 독성가스인 알데하이드를 배출시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 에탄올의 경우 흡습성이 높아 자체적으로 수분을 생성시킬 수 있으며 정상 휘발유보다 증기압이 높기 때문에 밀폐공간에서 화재 및 질식의 위험이 있을 수 있다. 현재 휘발유 내에 알코올 성분을 분석하기 위한 분석법으로는 Gas Chromatography가 이용되고 있으나 고가의 장비와 긴 분석시간으로 인해서 유사석유의 판별여부가 효율적으로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 화학절 식별제인 크롬산($CrO_3$)을 이용하여 휘발유 내 알코올 성분을 정성 정량 분석하였다. 환원된 3가 크롬은 용액상에서 붉은색을 나타내므로 육안으로도 알코올의 존재여부를 간단히 확인할 수 있으며, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry를 통해 휘발유 내 알코올의 농도에 따라 흡광도값이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.