• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.137-143
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• 2009

진해만과 가덕도 주변 해역에서 2007년 2회(하계와 추계)에 걸쳐 표층 및 저층수 조사를 실시하여 수질 환경 특성을 파악하였다. 수온은 표층이 저층보다 높았는데 여름이 가을보다 표 저층간의 차이가 컸으며, 염분은 가덕도 남쪽에서 낙동강 물의 유입 영향으로 저염분을 나타내었다. 부유물질은 표층수의 경우 진해만 및 연안에서 높고 외해에서 낮았으며, 과거의 조사 농도 범위에 속하였다. POC는 계절별로 분포 차이가 있지만 유기물 유입원에 대한 근접성과 기초 생산아 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. COD는 표층에서 오염원의 영향이 많은 진해만에서 높고 외해로 가면서 낮아졌다. 여름에 진해만 일부 정점은 해역별 수질기준 III등급이었다. DO는 저층이 표층보다 낮았는데 특히 진해만 내완 외해의 깊을 수심 정점에서 차이가 크고, 하계에 성층에 의하여 수증간에 큰 자이를 나타내었다. 인산염-인과 규산염-규소는 저층수에서 용존산소가 낮아짐에 따라 높은 농도를 나타내는 경향이 강하였으며, 암모니아-질소도 내만의 저산소층에서 높은 농도를 보였다. 표층수의 용존 무기질소는 신항과 가덕도 주변에서 높고 진해만 서쪽 및 외해로 갈수록 낮아졌으며, 과거 조사 농도보다 낮고 좁은 변동 범위를 보였다. 총 질소와 총인도 외해역에서 낮은 농도였으며, 표층보다 저층이 높은 추세였고 여름에 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 총질소 평균 농도로는 해역별 수질기준과 I등급을 만족하였으나 정점별로는 $I{\sim}III$등급까지 변화가 컸는데 진해만 내의 저층 또는 외해의 깊은 수심을 갖는 정점에서 등급이 좋지 알았다. Chl-a는 진해만 내 또는 가덕수도에서 높은 분포였으며, 신항과 가덕도 남쪽에서는 과거보다 낮은 농도였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.9-11
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• 2006

우리나라에는 매년 평균 $2{\sim}3$회의 태풍이 내습하고 있다. 이러한 태풍의 내습시 우리나라 남해 근방의 항만에 정박증인 선박과 항행중인 선박의 대부분을 진해만으로 피항을 하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 진해만 피항시 정박하고 있는 많은 선박들 사이로 정박지를 찾아 헤메는 선박들로 인하여 위험한 상황을 초래하고 있다. 이러한 정박지 선정을 레이더를 통하여 진해만 정박지를 사전에 결정할 수 있으면 좋으리라 판단된다. 이 연구는 현재 정박지에서 선박간의 최소거리를 진해만 태풍 내습시의 자료를 이용하여 모델화하고 이 모델을 통하여 선박간의 최소 정박지 거리제공으로 선박항자에게 신속하고 정확한 정박지 선정에 도움이 되고자 한다. 또한 VTS center에서 정박지를 사전에 지정하는데 도움이 되는 시스템을 구축하는 기초자료로 이용하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.520-529
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• 2012

Geographic distribution and species composition of phytoplankton were investigated in Jinhae Bay for 12 months. Total 158 species were found including 95 bacillariophyceae, 58 dinophyceae, 1 euglenoids, and 4 dictyochaceae. The total cell numbers of phytoplakton ranged from $4.0{\times}10^3{\sim}9.0{\times}10^7\;cells{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Highest and lowest amounts of cells were found in July (Chl.a 13.19 $mg{\cdot}m^{-3}$) and March(Chl.a 3.44 $mg{\cdot}m^{-3}$), respectively. Leptocylindrus danicus and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were dominant in spring, and Dactliosolen fragilissimus and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were dominant in summer. Chaetoceros spp. and Skeletonema spp. were domonant in autumn and winter. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus were also measured during the survey. Higher ratio of nitrogen (DIN : DIP = 28 : 1) was found in the east Jinhae Bay compared to the ratio of the west Jnhae Bay that showed 14 : 1 of N : P ratio. The total amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and Chl.a were also higher in the east Jinhae Bay compared to the west area. The geographic differences between the east and west of Jinhae Bay were also discussed along with phytoplankton compostion.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to clarify when spawning occurs of Clupea pallasii in the coastal waters of Jinhae Bay and Yeongun-ri, Tongyeong, Korea from December to February using SCUBA observation which is known as spawning season. Eighteen surveys of SCUBA diving observations have performed at 3 stations of Jinhae Bay from December 2017 to January 2018 and 24 times of survey at Yeongun-ri, Tongyeong from December 2017 to February 2018. In Jinhae Bay, average 740,274 eggs/㎡ fertilized eggs were observed in Judo Island and average 671,718 eggs/㎡ were observed in Gusan-myeon. On December 30, 2017, about 388,444 eggs/㎡ fertilized eggs were observed in Yeongun-ri, Tongyeong but no eggs were founded in next surveys. The results in this study suggest that spawning season of C. pallasii in the coastal waters of Jinhae Bay and Tongyeong begins in late December at average 7.7℃ water temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1995

1987년 6월부터 1990년 5월까지 진해만의 저서동물 군집에서 우점하는 아기반투명조개(Theora fragilis A. Adams)에 대한 개체군 생태학적 연구를 수행하였다. 조사결과, 이 종의 주된 분포 구역은 진해만의 입구 정점이었으나 겨울철에는 내만의 안쪽으로 확장되었다. 이 종은 여름철과 겨울철의 2회에 걸쳐 치패의 착저가 관찰되었으나 주 착저시기는 여름철이었다. 진해만 입구의 정점에서는 이러한 대량착저로 인해 그 밀도가 2,116개체/m$^{[-992]}$ 에 달하였다. 그러나 착저한 치패의 초기 감모로 인해 가을철의 밀도는 급격히 낮아졌다. 한편, 이 종의 분포는 퇴적물의 유기물 함량과 깊은 관계를 보여서 3.0-5.0%(평균 4.54$\pm$1.42%), 퇴적물의 평균 입도 8.97($\pm$0.62)$\varphi$사이에서 상대적으로 높은 밀도를 보였다. 그러나 퇴적물의유기물 함량의 증가와 함께 이 종의 밀도가 대체로 증가하지만 5.0% 이상에서는 다시 감소하는 현상을 보였다. 이 종은 여름철 저층수의 빈산소 수괴가 사라진 후에는 다시 진해만의 안 쪽 내만정점에서 높은 밀도를 나타냈다. 따라서 진해만에서의 본 종의 분포는 전반적으로 퇴적물의 유기물 함량. 퇴적물의 입도 조성 및 저층수의 용존 산소량 등에 의해 결정된다고 판단된다.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-100
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• 2024

Circulation, tides, currents, harmful algal blooms, water quality, and hypoxic conditions in Jinhae-Masan Bay have been extensively studied. However, these previous studies primarily focused on short-term variations, and there was limited detailed investigation into the physical mechanisms responsible for ocean circulation in the bays. Oceanic processes in the bays, such as pollutant dispersal, changes on a seasonal time scale. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how the circulation in Jinhae-Masan Bay varies seasonally and to examine the effects of tides, winds, and river discharges on regional ocean circulation. To achieve this, a three-dimensional ocean circulation model was used to simulate circulation patterns from 2016 to 2018, and sensitivity experiments were conducted. This study reveals that convective estuarine circulation develops in Jinhae and Masan Bays, characterized by the inflow of deep oceanic water from the Korea Strait through Gadeoksudo, while surface water flows outward. This deep water intrusion divides into northward and westward branches. In this study, the volume transport was calculated along the direction of bottom channels in each region. The meridional water exchange in the eastern region of Jinhae Bay is 2.3 times greater in winter and 1.4 times greater in summer compared to that of zonal exchange in the western region. In the western region of Jinhae Bay, the circulation pattern varies significantly by season due to changes in the balance of forces. During winter, surface currents flow southward and bottom currents flow northward, strengthening the north-south convective circulation due to the combined effects of northwesterly winds and the slope of the sea surface. In contrast, during summer, southwesterly winds cause surface seawater to flow eastward, and the elevated sea surface in the southeastern part enhances northward barotropic pressure gradient intensifying the eastward surface flow. The density gradient and southward baroclinic pressure gradient increase in the lower layer, causing a strong westward inflow of seawater from Gadeoksudo, enhancing the zonal convective circulation by 26% compared to winter. The convective circulation in the western Jinhae Bay is significantly influenced by both tidal current and wind during both winter and summer. In the eastern Jinhae Bay and Masan Bay, surface water flows outward to the open sea in all seasons, while bottom water flows inward, demonstrating a typical convective estuarine circulation. In winter, the contributions of wind and freshwater influx are significant, while in summer, the influence of mixing by tidal currents plays a major role in the north-south convective circulation. In the eastern Jinhae Bay, tidally driven residual circulation patterns, influenced by the local topography, are distinct. The study results are expected to enhance our understanding of pollutant dispersion, summer hypoxic events, and the abundance of red tide organisms in these bays.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.591-593
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• 2012

매년 우리나라 태풍 내습 시에는 진해만으로 피항 선박이 폭주하여 피항선박들의 피항지에서의 해양사고 사고 발생 가능성이 매우 높은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 진해만의 태풍 피항지로서의 특성과 피항선박들의 실태에 대해서 조사 분석하였다. 또한 피항지에서 체류하는 동안 발생한 해양사고 유형을 분석하여 유사사고를 예방하기 위한 대책을 검토하였다. 특히 VTS의 관제를 통한 해양사고경감 방안을 제시함과 동시에 피항선박들 및 선사 및 관련 기관들의 적극적인 협력이 절대적으로 요청되고 있음을 밝혔다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.507-514
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• 2022

Jinhae Bay is used as a major typhoon shelter in the southeastern region of Korea. However, when a typhoon strikes, the Jinhae Bay is facing the possibility of marine accidents caused by dragging anchors and the increased number of ships. This paper suggested ways to safely and efficiently manage the port of Jinhae Bay when a typhoon strikes from Vessel traffic service operators in the sea, derived relative importance by conducting an Analytic Hierarchy Process assessment to ship operators, and suggested safety measures reflecting manager and user opinions. In order to select safety measures factors for the AHP survey, VTS operators analyzed the evaluation of measures when a typhoon strikes in Jinhae Bay. As a result of conducting a survey based on the selected safety measure factors, it was found that ship operators consider the safety of ships more than twice as important as efficient management, and comprehensively consider them in the order of management of evacuated ships, management of anchorage area, management of evacuation information, preparation regulations and guidelines, improvement of system equipment, education, publicity, and notification activities. Through the measures and relative importance identified in this paper, it is believed that Jinhae Bay can serve as the basis for safely and efficiently managing typhoon shelters.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.23-36
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• 2000

Bottom sea waters in eight stations including from inner bay to outer bay to understand the importance of the submarine groundwater discharge for the environmental assessment of Chinhae Bay was collected in August 1999 and January 2000. Generally, /sup 222/Rn is very useful tracer to assess the submarine groundwater discharge because it is 2-4 orders of magnitude more concentrated in groundwater compared to surface water. The /sup 222/Rn activities ranged between about 33 to 182 dpm/100kg within the bay. Higher activities more than 100 dpm/100kg were found at the inner bay. The /sup 226/Ra activities, its parent, however, were little different between stations. /sup 222/Rn activities at the same station varied with season. It suggests that the major source of /sup 222/Rn is not from the bottom sediment, but from the change of submarine groundwater discharge by precipitation. The contents of Cl/sup -/ and SO/sub 4//sup 2-/ in the groundwater of Wonjeon-ri were very high as 1,312 and 369 ppm, respectively, indicating that this groundwater along the Chinhae coast was affected by seawater. Therefore, the submarine groundwater in the inner Bay may discharge to the overlying water. It indicates that these submarine groundwater discharges may play an important role as another important source of nutrients in the Chinhae Bay, because groundwater around the Chinhae Bay showed high concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrients (average , nitrate>174 μM, silicate>262 μM). Therefore, further studies are required to assess the contribution by the submarine groundwater discharge in the biogeochemical processes of the Chinhae Bay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.627-639
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• 2014

In respect of the nutrients cycling in coastal environment, regeneration in bottom layer is one of major source of nutrients. We analyzed the bottom water quality at the 14 stations during 9 years from 2004 to 2012 to investigate the characteristics of nutrients at bottom layer in Jinhae Bay. Concentrations of DIN, DIP and DSi showed the large seasonal variation and were higher in summer. Especially, average concentrations of these nutrients were two times higher in hypoxic season than in normoxic season. In summer, high concentrations of DIN, DIP and DSi caused by regeneration were common feature, but spatial distribution of DSi differ from that of DIN and DIP. DIN and DIP were higher in Masan Bay, while DSi was higher in Masan Bay as well as in center of Jinhae Bay. In comparison with DIN and DIP, DSi was significantly affected by nutrients regeneration at bottom layer in whole season. According to time series analysis, DIN concentration was decreased from approximately $14{\mu}M$ to $6{\mu}M$. This result induce that Si:N ratio at bottom layer in Jinhae Bay changed from approximately 1 to 3.