• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the quality and sensory characteristics of ginpi wine using different levels of ginpi at each fermentation step. In the first mash with or without ginpi, lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts were maximum between days 2 and 3 of fermentation. The reducing sugar content increased after 2 days of fermentation of the first mash. Brix content increased rapidly after 1 day of fermentation, but pH decreased rapidly. After 3 days of fermentation of the second mash, 0, 30, 60, or 90 g of ginpi were added, and the yeast counts were 8.89, 8.72, 8.81, and 8.88 \log CFU/mL, respectively but then continually decreased. After 3 days of ginpi wine fermentation of the second mash, the addition of 0, 30, 60, 90 g ginpi resulted in alcohol content of 11.40, 8.90, 9.40, and 8.95%, respectively, and after 3 days of fermentation, alcohol content increased slightly. The results of a sensory evaluation showed that overall acceptability of ginpi wine was not different with different levels of added ginpi. However, the flavor of the 90 g ginpi wine had the highest acceptability.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

In this study, sequential cross-linked collagen gels were successfully prepared with collagen, which is biomaterial, and acrylamide (AAm), which is a synthetic monomer. The elastic moduli (E) of cross-linked collagen gels were increased from 1.5 to 3.0 kPa by varying of AAm concentrations. In addition, human dermal fibroblasts were encapsulated into the porous pores introduced into the gels, and cell growth and behavior were investigated. Increasing E of the gels led to decreases in cell growth rate, while the cellular glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production level was elevated. Overall, the growth and cellular activity of skin cells were influenced by the extracellular matrix properties of the collagen gels. In conclusion, these results will be highly useful for designing reconstructive skins and various tissue engineering researches.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2001

The three medicinal herbs, Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, irradiated with γ-rays have been tested for their possible genotoxicity. The hot water extracts of the 10 kGy γ-ray irradiated herbs were examined in the Salmonella mutagenicity test(histidine reversion assay; Ames test) using Salmonella. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 as tester strains. No mutagenicity was detected in this assay both with and without metabolic activation. The safety of the herbs irradiated with γ-rays at tactical doses needs to be evaluated in further tests of genotoxicity in vivo and chronic and reproductive toxicity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.757-762
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• 2011

We investigate the transient temperature response in biological tissue whose surface is exposed to alternately varying sinusoidal oscillation. Based on the Pennes bio-heat equation, we apply numerical analysis using a finite element method to find the effects of the physical properties of the skin layers. Three layers of tissue-epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous-are considered as the solution region. We investigate the effects of different properties of the skin layers on the temperature profile. We also investigate the effects of the perfusion rate for the dermis, which is the most sensitive layer. The results show that the temperature profile of tissue depth has a discontinuous point when different physical properties are used.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2024

The anatomy and histology of the olfactory organ of Monopterus albus was investigated using stereo microscopy, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The external structure of the olfactory organ exhibited closed anterior and posterior nostrils parallel to the skin surface. The interior structure consisted of a pipe-like chamber, and lower and upper accessory nasal sacs. The olfactory chamber was composed of the sensory and non-sensory epithelium, and an unidentified organ. The sensory epithelium of the pseudostratified epithelial layer was composed of olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, and lymphatic cells; and the non-sensory epithelium of the stratified squamous layer contained stratified epithelial cells and mucous cells with acidic mucopolysaccharides. The presence of intraepithelial blood capillaries and abundant dermal vascularization in the sensory epithelium of the olfactory chamber may provide strong histological evidence that respiration occurs through the olfactory epithelium.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM), produced by decellularization from human cadaveric skin, has been used for various biomedical applications. A manufacturing process for ADM ($SureDerm^{TM}$) using tri-n-butyl phospahate (TnBP) and deoxycholic acids as the decellularization solution has been developed. The manufacturing process for $SureDerm^{TM}$ has 70% ethanol treatment and ethylene oxide gas sterilization for inactivating infectious microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the 70% ethanol treatment, decellularization process using 0.1% TnBP and 2% deoxycholic acids, and EO gas sterilization process in the inactivation of viruses. A variety of experimental model viruses for human pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), bovine herpes virus (BHV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) were all selected for this study. Enveloped viruses such as HIV-1, BHV, and BVDV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by 70% ethanol treatment. However HAV and PPV showed high resistance to 70% ethanol treatment with the log reduction factors of 1.85 and 1.15, respectively. HIV-1, BHV, and BVDV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by decellularization process. All the viruses tested were completely inactivated to undetectable levels by EO gas treatment. The cumulative log reduction factors of HIV-1, BHV, BVDV, HAV, and PPV were $\geq12.71$, $\geq18.08$, $\geq14.92$, $\geq6.57$, and $\geq7.18$, respectively. These results indicate that the production process for $SureDerm^{TM}$ has a sufficient virus-reducing capacity to achieve a high margin of the virus safety.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.263-278
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• 2004

Ursolic acid (UA) and Oleanolic acid (ONA), known as urson, micromerol and malol, are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds which naturally occur in a large number of vegetarian foods, medicinal herbs, and plants. They may occur in their free acid form or as aglycones for triterpenoid saponins, which are comprised of a triterpenoid aglycone, linked to one or more sugar moieties. Therefore UA and ONA are similar in pharmacological activity. Lately scientific research, which led to the identification of UA and ONA, revealed that several pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, hepato-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperlipidemic could be attributed to UA and ONA. Here, we introduced the effect of UA and ONA on acutely barrier disrupted and normal hairless mouse skin. To evaluate the effects of UA and ONA on epidermal permeability barrier recovery, both flanks of 8-12 week-old hairless mice were topically treated with either 0.01-0.1mg/mL UA or 0.1-1mg/mL ONA after tape stripping, and TEWL (transepidermal water loss) was measured. The recovery rate increased in those UA or ONA treated groups (0.1mg/mL UA and 0.5mg/mL ONA) at 6h more than 20% compared to vehicle treated group (p < 0.05). Here, we introduced the effects of UA and ONA on acute barrier disruption and normal epidermal permeability barrier function. For verifying the effects of UA and ONA on normal epidermal barrier, hydration and TEWL were measured for 1 and 3 weeks after UA and ONA applications (2mg/mL per day). We also investigated the features of epidermis and dermis using electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy (LM). Both samples increased hydration compared to vehicle group from 1 week without TEWL alteration (p < 0.005). EM examination using RuO4 and OsO4 fixation revealed that secretion and numbers of lamellar bodies and complete formation of lipid bilayers were most prominent (ONA=UA > vehicle). LM finding showed that thickness of stratum corneum (SC) was slightly increased and especially epidermal thickening and flattening was observed (UA > ONA > vehicle). We also observed that UA and ONA stimulate epidermal keratinocyte differentiation via PPAR Protein expression of involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin increased at least 2 and 3 fold in HaCaT cells treated with either ONA (10${\mu}$M) or UA (10${\mu}$M) for 24 h respectively. This result suggested that the UA and ONA can improve epidermal permeability barrier function and induce the epidermal keratinocyte differentiation via PPAR Using Masson-trichrome and elastic fiber staining, we observed collagen thickening and elastic fiber elongation by UA and ONA treatments. In vitro results of collagen and elastin synthesis and elastase inhibitory activity measurements were also confirmed in vivo findings. These data suggested that the effects of UA and ONA related to not only epidermal permeability barrier functions but also dermal collagen and elastic fiber synthesis. Taken together, UA and ONA can be relevant candidates to improve epidermal and dermal functions and pertinent agents for cosmeseutical applications.

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.237
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• pp.59-61
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• 2010

정부의 국가종합전자조달 시스템인 '나라장터'가 $\Delta$동일PC입찰 $\Delta$인증서 양도 대여 $\Delta$입찰 대리인 복수등록 등의 불법 부정 입찰을 줄이기 위해 4월부터 "지문인식 전자입찰"제도를 시행한다. 조달청은 나라장터를 개장하면서 IT강국답게 PC입찰을 결정했고, 인감을 대체할 수 있는 공인인증서를 도입해 운영단계에서 불법 전자입찰을 근절코자 노력을 기울여 왔다. 하지만 온라인상의 부정적인 방법이 날로 지능화되면서 입찰질서를 어지럽히게 되자, 실제 입찰자의 신원을 최적으로 확인할 수 있는 지문인식기술을 도입하게 됐다. 이번에 개발된 지문인식입찰시스템은 지문의 외피가 아닌 진피를 인식하기 때문에 실리콘이나 OHP필름 등을 통한 지문위조를 원천적으로 봉쇄할 수 있게 됐다. 따라서 이런 최신 지문인식 기술을 이용해 온라인상에서 입찰자의 신원을 확인한 후 사전에 등록된 입찰자의 신원과 동일한 경우에만 입찰서 제출이 가능하다. 조달업체의 입찰자(대표 또는 대리인)는 4월 이전에 국내 5개 공인인증기관을 통해 지문보안토큰을 구매하고 주민등록증과 지문보안토큰을 지참해 조달청 고객지원센터를 찾아 신원을 확인한 뒤 지문정보를 등록해야 하며, 지문 정보는 최대 3명까지 보안토큰에 등록돼야 입찰할 수 있게 됐다. "지문인식 전자입찰"제도는 단계적으로 확대돼 7월에는 나라장터뿐 아니라 모든 발주기관에 적용될 방침이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.57-60
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• 2002

닭의 전신장기에 림프종 발생이 특징인 마렉병(Marek's disease; MD)은 림프구성 백혈병(Lymphoid leukosis; LL)과 병리학적 소견이 매우 유사하여 감별이 요구된다. 마렉병 바이러스(Marek's disease virus; MDV)는 질병초기에서 후기에 이르기까지 모낭 상피세포에 세포용해성 감염을 지속적으로 일으킨다. 세포용해 성 감염이 있는 모낭상피세포는 변성내지 괴사되어 있고 핵내봉입체가 관찰된다. 또한 세포용해 성 감염이 있는 모낭상피세포 바로 밑의 진피와 깃털 수질(feather pulp)내의 혈관주위에 림프구 침윤이 관찰된다. 이러한 피부병 변은 MD의 특징적인 병 변들로서 LL과 감별할 수 있는 결정적인 단서이다. 본 고에서는 MD에 관한 전반적인 것과 특히 MD 진단을 위한 피부병 변의 유용 성에 대해서 자세히 논하고자 한다

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 1998

The oral administration of Aurantii nobilis pericarpium (ANP) extract and Aurantii immaturi pericarpium (AIP) extract suppressed the cell viability of both thymocytes and splenocytes in BALB/c mice. The ANP extract (500 mg/kg) enhanced the population of $B220^+$ cells, and the AIP also enhanced the population of B220+ and Thy-1+ cells in splenocytes. The AIP extract enhanced the population of $CD4-CD8^+$ cells in splenic T-lymphocytes. However, the ANP did not affect, whereas the AIP enhanced the phagocytic activity and the nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages.