• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.25 no.9 s.220
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• pp.873-883
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• 1987

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.206-206
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• 2009

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 1988

Neurolysis of the celiac plexus is performed to relieve intractable pain caused by carcinoma of the stomach, liver and pancreas, and upper abdominal metastasis of tumors having more distant origins. It is also occasionally effective in controlling the pain of chronic pancreatitis. Alcohol celiac plexus blocks were done in 22 patients of whom 18 had intractable upper abdominal pain from cancer and 4 had pain from chronic pancreatitis. In most cases, an initial diagnostic block with 0.2 percent bupivacaine was followed by the therapeuntic block performed by injecting 50ml of 60 percent ethyl alcohol. Good to excellent pain relief occurred in 86 percent of patients. Duration of pain relief was from 4 months to 7 months in 55 percent of patients. Complications and side effects were infrequently seen but did include a 16 percent decrease of mean systolic arterial pressure and 16 cases of facial flushing. This block is remarkably safe as well as effective for the relief of upper abdominal pain from cancer origin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.234-234
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• 1996

DA-5018은 여러 opiate수용체 실험에서 morphine 또는 naloxone 보다 10-100배 정도 낮은 친화력을 나타내었다. 기니픽 회장표본과 랫드 수정관표본의 전기자극 실험에서는 DA-5018의 의해 유도된 수축반응이 naloxone의 영향을 받지 앉았고, 랫드에서의 진통효과도 naloxone 전처치에 의해 차단되지 않았으므로, DA-5018은 opiate 수용체를 경유하지 앉는 것으로 생각된다. 또한, OA-5018 120$\mu$M에서 cyclooxygenase 생성을 50% 증가시켰고 mM 농도에서 5-lipooxygenase 합성을 약간 억제하였으므로, NSAID계 유사약물이 아님을 확인하였다. DA-5018은 기니픽 기관 표본에 대해 capsaicin과 동일하게 수축반응을 나타내었고, 이것은 capsazepine 전처리에 의해 억제되었다. 척수에서의 substance P 유리활성은 capsaicin보다 약 9배 강한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 랫드에 DA-5018 진통유효용량인 1mg/kg을 피하주사한 후 분리한 척수에서 capsaicin에 의한 substance P의 유리활성은 15분 후에 감소하였고 120분 후에는 회복되었다. 따라서 OA-5018의 진통작용에도 substance P의 고갈이 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로부터, DA-5018의 진통작용은 capsaicin수용체를 매개하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.296-302
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of a hand massage combined with analgesics on pain control in hospice patients with terminal cancer. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study with a single group time series design. The study included 25 terminal cancer patients who were admitted to a hospice ward. Each patient's pain level was measured after analgesics use only (control group). When patients complained of pain again, the pain level was assessed after administering a combination of hand massage and analgesics (experimental group). As for the experimental treatment, the participants were provided with oil hand massage on each hand for 5 minutes. Results: The experimental group and the control group showed no significant differences in the changes of pain score (F=0.74, P=0.3939). Conclusion: Although the pain level of the experimental group did not significantly improve compared with the control group, their pain levels tended to be low to begin with. Thus, a complementary utility value of hand massage cannot be completely excluded in terminal cancer patients. Since the pain level significantly changed according to the dosage of analgesic, nurses need more education and research on analgesic drug therapy for terminal cancer patients.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Breakthrough cancer pain is a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs despite relatively well controlled background pain with around-the-clock analgesia. It is highly prevalent in patients with cancer pain, with an overall prevalence of 70~90%. Breakthrough cancer pain has several negative effects on quality of life, including a decrease in functional status and social relationship, and higher incidence of anxiety/depression. It also places a detrimental burden on their families, society, and the healthcare system. According to the pathogenic mechanism, breakthrough cancer pain is classified into two categories: idiopathic (or spontaneous) pain and incident pain. Episodes of breakthrough cancer pain have typical characteristics, including rapid onset (5~10 min), severe intensity, and short duration (30~60 min). However, there are some variations in timing and severity of pain among patients and episodes. Therefore, a thorough assessment of pain episodes is needed and management plan must be individualized to provide optimal treatment. Several immediate-release formulations such as oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone are widely used despite relatively slow onset of action. Recent studies have shown that transmucosal fentanyl preparations were effective for faster control of breakthrough pain. We hope to improve management of breakthrough cancer pain with more efficient analgesics in line with currently available evidence.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate whether medetomidine (MED) and tiletamine/zolazepam (ZT) combination in dogs provide the sufficient analgesia during the period of the stage of surgical anesthesia determined by the response to the noxious stimuli, which were evaluated by the change of electroencephalogram (EEG) and hemodynamic values. Seven clinically healthy, adult beagle dogs were used. They were used repeatedly at interval of a week, according to a randomized design. This study had 2 experimental groups. In Group 1, dogs received $30\;{\mu}g/kg$ of medetomidine and 10 mg/kg of tiletamine/zolazepam. Both drugs were administered intramuscularly. In Group 2, dogs were medicated with the same method as in Group 1, except the pedal withdrawal reflex test was done. In Group 2, interdigital regions were grasped with a mosquito forceps for 30 seconds, every 5 min from 10 min to 45 min after ZT injection. During all recording stages, the power for each band, mean arterial pressure and heart rates were calculated. On EEG, no significant changes were observed between groups. Although mean arterial pressure and heart rate were increased 10 min after ZT injection, no significant differences were observed between groups. In conclusion, the MED and ZT anesthesia in dogs are seemed to provide a satisfactory analgesic effect during the period of surgical anesthesia based on EEG with pedal withdrawal reflex test.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The progression of aging and the increase in musculoskeletal diseases have led to an increase in invasive treatment methods, including various surgical methods, but conservative treatment should be attempted before surgical treatment in musculoskeletal diseases. Medication for pain control, such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid, opioids, antidepressants, etc., is one of the most popular methods for pain control. If the pain receptors on peripheral organ are stimulated, pain is transmitted to the brain by the ascending pathway, and the brain then secretes endogenous opioids, such as endorphin, by the descending pathway for pain control. Opioids are substances that act on the opioid receptors, and there are three receptors for opioids. The affinity for each receptor varies according to the tissue and the patient's systemic status. Antidepressants work on the synapses in the central nervous system and its main mechanism is regulation of the ascending pathway. This is mainly effective in chronic pain and neuropathic pain, which is similar in effectiveness to opioids. This review focuses on the effectiveness, method of use, and side effects of opioids and antidepressants.

• The Science & Technology
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• no.5 s.408
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• pp.6-7
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• 2003

뇌, 다른 사람 감정 모방/ '중세가 오늘날 보다 훨씬 더웠다'/ 진통제, 파킨슨병 치료 효과/ 고릴라 · 침팬지, 수십년 내 멸종위기/ 심장병 막으려면 HDL 높여야/ 보톡스, 소아마비 근육이완 효과/ 이집트서 세계 最古 미이라 발견

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.25 no.8 s.219
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• pp.769-773
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• 1987