• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.394-398
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• 1998

This study was performed to assess clinical signs, sedative effect and clinicschemical profile of a mixture of fentanyl-azapemne-xylazine(Fentazine$^{(R)}$) in formed elk Twelve male elk(Cervus canadensis) were immobilized with Fentazine, and blood samples were taken of femoral venous blood. Samples were analyzed in the conditions of 10- and 30-minute after administration of the drug. Heart rates, respiratory rates, and body temperatures were in normal ranges during Fentazine anesthesia. After iqiection of Fentazine, most of elk were recumbency and did not respond to needle prick In young adult(3.5.4.5 years old) elk a high dose(>3.0 ml/head) of Fentazine does not result in more sedation, but it does prolong the duration of sedative effect. Fentazine induced sufficient analgesia far velvet antler removal and hoof trimming in elk Salivation, urination, intermittent apnea and mild bloat were observed in elk Globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus values were in normal ranges for at least 30 minutes after Fentazine administration. Total protein, albumins cortisol and prothrombin values were slightly increased during sedation(p<0.05). It was concluded that Fentazine is effective analgesic drug being useful for velvet antler removal and hoof trimming.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1997

This study was performed to assess clinical signs, sedative and physiologic effects of a combination of fentanyl, azaperone and xylazine (F-A-X). The experiments were divided into four groups; xylazine 0.1mg/kg (X 0.1), F-A-X 0.05 MG/KG (F-A-X 0.05), F-A-X 0.1 MG/KG (F-A-X 0.1) and F-A-X 0.2mg/kg (F-A-X 0.2). Heart rates were decreased in all groups. Respiratory rates were decreased in other groups, but increased in F-A-X 0.2. Body temperatures were in normal ranges. After administration of F-A-X, most of cattle were recumbency and did not respond to needle prick. Duration of sedation was prolonged with increasing dosages. F-A-X did not induce sufficient analgesia for dehorning. Side effects were salivation and urination in all, but they were much less in F-A-X groups than those in X 0.1. Intermittent apnea and bloat were observed in F-A-X 0.2. Serum chemistry values were in normal ranges exvept for hyperglycemia invreased thorough experimental time. Based on above results, it may be concluded that F-A-X is effective preanesthetic with low dosage of 0.05~0.1 mg/kg being useful for immobilization or manipulation without tissue incision in cattle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2019

This study examines the effects of SNS fashion influencer's authenticity on the followers' relationship maintenance intention and product purchase intention through the mediating role of fanship. In addition, influencer's attractiveness is proposed as a moderator affecting the authenticity on fanship; in addition, authenticity is operationalized as honesty and expertise. A written survey is developed for 181 female Instagram users. The analyses of the data yields the following findings. First, honesty has a positive effect on fanship, relationship maintenance intention and purchase intention, while expertise affects fanship and relationship maintenance intention, but does not have a significant effect on purchase intention. Second, honesty and expertise have a positive effect on follower behavior intention through the partial mediation of fanship. Third, social attractiveness and physical attractiveness have a significant effect on fanship. However, all interaction effects between authenticity and attractiveness are not significant. Unlike authenticity, attractiveness has no direct effect on follower behavior intention. This study verifies the critical role of authenticity for an influencer in the context of SNS marketing and commerce, as this factor leads to followers behavioral intention as well as fanship in both direct and mediated paths.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.247-261
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• 2023

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between service compensation, consumer sentiment and revisit intention for service recovery in the Chinese foodservice industry, and the moderating effect of employee authenticity. Methods: Data were collected from people who experienced eating out in a city located in central China, and the hypothesis was verified through multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The results indicate that the specificity of compensation affects both positive and negative emotions of customers, and the activeness of compensation also influences positive emotions of customers. Also, employee autheticity moderates the effect of specificity of compensation on customers' positive emotions. Both positive and negative emotions of customers influences revisit intention. Conclusion: These results show that the role of service compensation is important in service recovery in the rapidly expanding Chinese foodservice industry. In addition, since the sincerity of employees plays an important role in maximizing the recovery effect in the process of service recovery, it suggests that it is important not only to improve services in the quantitative aspect but also in the qualitative aspect through employee training.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 2019

Today, a growing number of companies are in trouble because leaders are lack of authentic leadership. Small and midium sized companies have the same issue. To correct the issue, there must be a real change in the relationship between managers and employees of the company as well as outside the company. In 21st century, authentic leadership is required. However, the research about determinants of change supportive behavior is not sufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is how manager's transformational leadership and authentic leadership affects change supportive behavior of employees in small and midium sized companies. The study also has to prove the role of positive psychological capital as a parameter. Data were collected from 424 employees working for small and midium sized companies in metropolitan area around Seoul and Gyeonggi. The data were analyzed using statistical package SPSS ver.21.0 and AMOS ver.18.0. Based on the research, First, the transformational leadership does not affect the change supportive behavior. However, authentic leadership affects the change supportive behavior. Also, positive psychological capital playes a role as parameter when transformational and authentic leadership, that are independent variable, affect change supportive behavior. On the other hand, the research shows that authentic leadership has more influence than transformational leadership on positive psychological capital. Transformational leadership without genuine attitude cannot affect change support behavior of employees in small and medium sized companies. Therefore, to affect change supportive behavior of employee, authentic leadership with genuine mind is required. After discussing the conclusions and implications of this study. the direction of the study for the follow - up study was suggested.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.3-44
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• 1994

본교(本橋)는 백터자기회귀모형(自己回歸模型)(VAR)에 비하여 작성과정이 까다롭고 복잡하지만 경제구조의 파악이 용이하고 경제체계내에 주어진 충격의 해석이 분명한 연립방정식(聯立聯立方程式) 구조모형(構造模型)을 사용하여 경기순환(景氣循環)의 원인을 밝히고자 하였다. 새로 작성된 경기순환모형(景氣循環模型)은 거시경제(巨視經濟) 분기모형(分期模型)으로서 추정기간은 1972년부터 1992년까지 21년으로 통계청(統計廳) 기준의 제1순환기부터 제5순환기까지 포함하고 있으며, 경기순환(景氣循環)의 원인분석을 위해서 가상적(假想的) 시뮬레이션(counter factual simulation) 기법을 사용하였다. 본고(本稿)는 향후 경기순환(景氣循環)의 안정(安定)을 도모하거 위해서 다음의 몇가지 결론을 내리고 있다. 첫째, 건설투자(建設投資)는 경기변동(景氣變動)의 진복(振福)을 확대(擴大)시켜 온 경향이 있기 때문에 경기부양(景氣浮揚) 및 경기진정(景氣鎭靜)을 위한 정책변수로 바람직하지 않다. 왜냐하면 정부가 경기변동(景氣變動)을 감지(感知)하기까지는 시간이 걸리며, 경기변동(景氣變動)의 체감 직후 건설투자(建設投資)를 통해서 경기부양(景氣浮揚) 혹은 경기진정(景氣鎭靜)을 이루고자 하더라도 정책수립부터 정책효과의 가시화(可視化)에까지 이르는 시차(時差)로 인하여 건설투자(建設投資)가 정부의 의도와는 반대로 경기순행적(景氣順行的)인 역할(役割)을 할 가능성이 있기 때문이다. 둘째, 통화(通貨)가 생산(生産) 및 물가변동(物價變動)에 미치는 영향은 서로 상충관계(相衝關係)(trade-off) 에 있는 것으로 보이기 때문에 정부는 민간신용(民間信用) 등 통화변수(通貨變數)를 경기조절수단(景氣調節手段)으로 사용할 경우에는 사전에 정책효과(政策效果)를 충분히 고려해서 시행해야 할 것이다. 셋째 해외도매물가(海外都賣物價), 원유도입가격(原油導入價格) 및 국제상품가격(國際商品價格) 등 해외물가변수(海外物價變數)의 변동은 GNP는 물론이고 큰 폭의 물가변동(物價變動)을 초래하기 때문에, 해외부문(海外部門)의 충격에 따른 경기변동(景氣變動)을 안정시키기 위해서 정부는 유가자유화(油價自由化)를 통한 유류가격안정(油類價格安定)및 원유비양수준(原油備養水準)의 제고(提高), 해외원자재(海外原資材) 수입선(輸入先)의 다변화 등을 통하여 해외물가충격(海外物價衝擊)이 국내경제에 미치는 영향을 최소화하도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.568-574
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• 2009

Tongue-tie is a congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenum, which may restrict tongue tip mobility, In the neonate and infant, tongue-tie was said to cause difficult breast-feeding, In the older infant, toddler and young child, poor speech has been frequently listed because movement of tongue tip is limit ed. Also as a abnormal tongue position, various orthodontic problems, later mechanical and social manifestations could be developed. Treatment options such as observation, speech therapy, frenotomy and frenectomy have been suggested. The optimal timing for the surgery has not been determined, but early intervention may be appropriate for the children with significant tongue-tie who has the significant potential to speech difficulties and later social and mechanical problems. Sedation is an effective method for incapable of cooperative and the handicapped children, necessary to early intervention. We report three cases, using oral sedation for the frenectomy in young children with severe tongue-tie. After treatments, we could find out sufficient tongue movement and improved speech ability.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 1997

Ginseng root, as a folk medicine, has been used in far eastern countries for thousands of years. Ginseng extract has been shown to have a variety of effects on the activity of the central nervous system, promoting stimulation as well as inhibition of the cortical activity. A survey of the relevant literatures has indicated that the putative anxiolytic activity of red ginseng has not been scientifically investigated. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess anxiolytic effect of gingseng total saponins(GTS). The putative anxiolytic effects of several fractions of GTS were investigated in mice using an elevated plus maze paradigm. Single dose administration of TS Fr.-I showed anxiolytic action in mice. Anxiolytic effect induced by TS Fr.-I was similar to that induced by diazepam. TS Fr.-II, TS Fr.-III and TS Fr.-IV did not show the anxiolytic action compared with that of TS Fr.-I. It was suggested that regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission may be important in the action of GTS. The Interaction of GTS fractions with benzodiazepine receptor was performed using rat cortical membranes. GTS inhibited the binding of [3H] Ro 15-1788 on the benzodiazepine receptor. Among from TS fractions, the binding activity of GTS in the TS Fr.-IV was highest, which did not show the anxiolytic activity. From these results, we conclude that GTS has anxiolytic action, and this is not related to benzodiazepine receptor binding activity.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.303-319
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate theoretically the meaning and features of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) based on the views of Peirce and Dewey, and to explore the implications of CoI in science education. The meaning and features of CoI are: (a) inquiry in CoI is initiated with faithful doubt; (b) inquiry in CoI finishes with faithful belief; (c) inquiry in CoI attempts to find out the best explanation and solution regarding the practical effects of objects; (d) as an ideal community, CoI is required to be one that inquires continuously without definite limits; (e) as an actual community, CoI requires its members' open communication to find the best explanation and solution. Based on these features of CoI, the Community of Inquiry in Science Classroom (CoI-SC), "the classroom community for the purpose of transforming the state of faithful doubt into the state of faithful belief, in relation to natural phenomena or objects, and where the members share objectives as participants continuously attempt to find out the best explanation and solution by open communication, considering fallibility and the practical effects of objects", was suggested. The condition for implementation of the CoI-SC, "'interest', 'openness', 'rigor', 'fallibilism', 'participation', 'inquiry without definite limits'", were also suggested. Finally, several suggestions for the science curriculum were given.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.58-69
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find a way that companies can use social media trust effectively to increase brand trust and intelligently increase it by linking with brand authenticity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is as follows. First, a conceptual definition of the research variables of trust in social media, trust in information sources, and trust in messages is established, Second, the casual relationship between two conceptually defined independent variables and mediator variables of perceived risk and self-efficacy was verified. Third, the casual relationship was verified on whether it affects brand authenticity and brand trust through perceived risk and self-efficacy, which are mediators of social media trust. Fourth, through the verification result of the casual relationship between the research variables constituting the research model of this study, it was intended to present academic and practical implications on how social media trust can effectively enhance brand trust.