• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.1443-1449
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• 2013

Automatic detection of vehicles in front is an integral component of many advanced driver-assistance system, such as collision mitigation, automatic cruise control, and automatic head-lamp dimming. Regardless day and night, tail-lights play an important role in vehicle detecting and status recognizing of driving in front. However, some drivers do not know the status of the tail-lights of vehicles. Thus, it is required for drivers to inform status of tail-lights automatically. In this paper, a recognition method of status of tail-lights based on video processing and recognition technology is proposed. Background estimation, optical flow and Euclidean distance is used to detect vehicles entering tollgate. Then saliency map is used to detect tail-lights and recognize their status in the Lab color coordinates. As results of experiments of using tollgate videos, it is shown that the proposed method can be used to inform status of tail-lights.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.181-186
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• 2022

The world's electric automobile sector has shifted beyond technological environmental changes to a stage that has an impact on the market environment. And automakers are shifting from the existing strategy of "technological advantage → brand enhancement → sales expansion of existing internal combustion engine vehicles" to the expansion of the electric automobile market itself, which is to enhance market competitiveness. In addition, competition in the electric automotive parts market is expected to intensify due to the expansion of the business areas of existing parts makers and the entry of new companies, and development cooperation is expected to actively proceed to improve the efficiency of major eco-friendly parts. Along with this prospect, electric vehicles are expected to change the overall structure of the automobile industry, the overall growth of the electric vehicle value chain such as batteries, power trains (motors, power management and control systems), electric vehicle production, and charging infrastructure Is expected. Therefore, in this thesis, in order to cultivate a variety of high-quality human resources that companies want to keep pace with the changing automobile industry, we study a professional manpower training program that leads the growth engine of the electric automobile industry.

• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

국제해사기구(IMO, international maritime organization)는 2015년부터 배출규제해역(ECA, emission control area)을 운항하는 선박은 황 함유량이 0.1%(m/m) 이하로 강화된 기준을 만족하는 연료를 사용해야 하며, 2020년부터는 모든 선박에 대해 황 함유량이 0.5%(m/m) 이하인 연료를 사용하거나 동등 이상의 성능을 갖는 배출가스 후처리 장치의 설치를 의무화하였다. 이에 따라, 선박에서 배출되는 오염물질을 제어할 수 있는 다양한 기술이 개발되고 있으며, 후처리 관점에서 습식 스크러버(wet scrubber)는 선박의 디젤 엔진에서 배출되는 이산화황(sulfur dioxide)을 저감시키기 위한 가장 적합한 해결책으로 알려져 있다. 습식 스크러버는 해수를 사용하는 개방형 스크러버(open loop scrubber)와 화학세정수를 사용하는 폐쇄형 스크러버(closed loop scrubber)로 구분된다. 습식 스크러버는 오염물질의 효율적인 처리가 가능하지만 유지보수비가 비싸고, 폐수 발생으로 인한 2차 오염발생 및 부식에 매우 취약한 단점이 있다. 따라서 최근에는 스크러버 내부의 부식을 방지하기 위한 내부식성 재질에 관한 연구와 흡수제(absorbent)의 고도화 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한, 하이브리드형 스크러버(hybrid scrubber)는 개방형과 폐쇄형 스크러버의 장점을 결합한 기술로 황산화물의 배출을 규제하는 배출규제해역에서는 폐쇄형 스크러버를 가동하고, 선박이 공해상으로 진입할 경우 개방형 스크러버로 전환함에 따라 황산화물 배출 및 반응 후 세척수의 폐수배출 기준을 동시에 만족할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.468-477
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• 2019

The numerical model of Boussinesq approximation, which is mainly used for evaluating the port calmness due to the irregular waves, has a limit of applicability of lattice size in ports such as marinas with narrow port openings of around 30m. The SWASH model controls the partial reflection according to the depth, porosity coefficient and structure size when applying the reflected wave incident on the structure and terrain. In this study, the partial reflection evaluation at the front of the structure according to the bottom shape and the shape of the structure are examined. In order to evaluate the reproducibility of the model due to the diffraction waves entering the term, the area of incidence at right angles and inclination of the structure is constructed and compared with the diffraction theory suggested by Goda et al. (1978). The experimental results of the sectional structure reflectances calculated as the depth mean show reflectances similar to the approximate values of the reflectances presented by Stelling and Ahrens (1981). It is considered that the reflected wave is well reproduced according to the control of the reflected wave at the boundary and the shape and topography of the structure. Compared with previous studies to examine the diffraction of the wave incident from the breakwater opening, the wave incidence angle and the shape of the diffraction wave are very similar to the theoretical values, but both oblique and rectangular incidence In the case where the direction concentration is small, the diffraction degree is underestimated in some sections with the crest ratio of 0.5 to 0.6.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.586-593
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• 2014

The CNUSAIL-1 project aims to develop and operate a 3U-sized cube satellite with solar sail mechanism. The primary mission is to successfully deploy the solar sail in a low earth orbit, and the secondary mission is to collect the scientific data for the effect of the solar sail deployment and operation on orbit maneuver and attitude change of the cube satellite. For this, the bus system will collect and transmit the dynamic data of the satellite and the visual images of the solar sail operation. This paper describes solar sail mission and conceptual design of CNUSAIL-1. The actuation/operation of the solar sail and the bus system are preliminarily designed in terms of attitude control system, communication system, electrical power system, command and data handling system, structure and thermal control system is designed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

Recently, in order to overcome the difficulty of entering a fire source due to the occurrence of a large amount of smoke in the event of a fire in a parking lot, it has used that a method of discharge smoke using air supply, exhaust fans and jet fans installed for ventilation of parking lots. In this study, the variation of flow in the smoke layer was observed using CCTV under two conditions, in which only the air supply fan operates and the manned fan operates together, and the temperature around the plume was compared to Albert eq. to assess its suitability as a parking lot ventilation performance evaluation method. As a result, it was found that the smoke layer could be disturbed if the Jet Fan was operated at the same time, which could lead to the possibility of an initial evacuation disturbance. However, the additional operation of the Jet Fan has been confirmed by the observation CCTV that the emission performance is improved, which is believed to help conduct the suppression operation. The temperature around the plume was measured and compared to Alpert eq, and was analyzed to be about $2^{\circ}C$ lower at the center axis of the plume and $9.0^{\circ}C$ higher at 8 m in the direction of the discharge of smoke. The results of temperature measurements around the plume were lower than the maximum temperature expected in AS 4391 and did not exceed the expected temperature risk caused by the experiment. As with these results, the temperature risk from the progression of hot smoke tests is foreseeable, so it will be available as one of the general evaluation methods for assessing smoke control performance in a parking lot without relevant criteria.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.191-202
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• 2007

In these days, open signboard system is controlled by administrative policy and law, but there is no consideration for different types of building. As such, this study aims to propose planning criteria for streetside commercial buildings, such as elevation and mass design of buildings, layout of signboard attached to the building elevation with consideration for streetscape. In mass planning for streetside commercial buildings, the building type with front open space keeps lower open signboard density than the building type directly leading to the street. It is desirable that open signboard of lower floor part is attached by a horizontal type, open signboard of low medium floor part by a projected vertical type, open signboard of high medium floor part and roof part with a minumum attachment of open signboard. As for elevation planning relative to open signboard, it is desirable that an irregular wall type is more useful than a regular wall type to control open signboard. And in all cases, horizontal element facade has a handicap to control the quantity of signboard. If the building has a corner, the piloti should be used in the corner of lower story for smooth circulation of pedestrians and emphasizing the transparency of elevation. Specially, in the case of a round corner, the corner should be emphasized by the composition of high transparent mass.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.129-147
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• 2002

This paper presents a variational equality formulation by Providing new dynamic route choice condition for a link-based dynamic traffic assignment model. The concepts of used paths, used links, used departure times are employed to derive a new link-based dynamic route choice condition. The route choice condition is formulated as a time-dependent variational equality problem and necessity and sufficiency conditions are provided to prove equivalence of the variational equality model. A solution algorithm is proposed based on physical network approach and diagonalization technique. An asymmetric network computational study shows that ideal dynamic-user optimal route condition is satisfied when the length of each time interval is shortened. The I-394 corridor study shows that more than 93% of computational speed improved compared to conventional variational inequality approach, and furthermore as the larger network size, the more computational performance can be expected. This paper concludes that the variational equality could be a promising approach for real-time application of a dynamic traffic assignment model based on fast computational performance.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

As an autonomous driving vehicle (AV) need to cope with external road conditions by itself, its perception performance for road environment should be better than that of a human driver. A vision sensor, one of AV sensors, performs lane detection function to percept road environment for performing safe vehicle steering, which relates to define vehicle heading and lane departure prevention. Performance standards for a vision sensor in an ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance System) focus on the function of 'driver assistance', not on the perception of 'independent situation'. So the performance requirements for a vision sensor in AV may different from those in an ADAS. In assuming that an AV keep previous steering due to lane detection failure, this study calculated lane departure distances between the AV location following curved road alignment and the other one driving to the straight in a curved section. We analysed lane departure distance and time with respect to the allowance of lane detection malfunction of an AV vision sensor. With the results, we found that an AV would encounter a critical lane departure situation if a vision sensor loses lane detection over 1 second. Therefore, it is concluded that the performance standards for an AV should contain more severe lane departure situations than those of an ADAS.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.22-32
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• 2013

Since the percentage of vehicles equipped with Hi-pass, an electronic toll collecting device, has increased rapidly, it is very crucial to determine the optimal location of Hi-pass lanes at a toll plaza in terms of traffic control and operation. In this study, the appropriateness of existing Hi-pass lanes of a toll plaza is evaluated considering its physical geometry and traffic characteristics. A new evaluating criterion called "traffic dispersion rate" is developed in order to measure the level of traffic spreading across the toll booth lanes at a toll plaza. Logistic regression models are constructed to estimate the relationship between the traffic dispersion rate and its affecting variables. The model estimation results show that several variables including Hi-pass lane traffic volume, length of toll plaza, entering/exiting taper lengths, and locations of Hi-pass lanes. The results also suggest that traffic dispersion rate can be increased by adjusting the location of Hi-pass lanes. The study enables us to quantify traffic dispersion rate which can be used to optimize the location and operation of Hi-pass lanes at toll plazas.