• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.495-500
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• 1993

Background: For the relief of the occlusion of major bronchi, laser therapy, radiation therapy or combined therapy is generally used. But the effect of radiation therapy is very slow and not consistent and laser therapy requires expensive equipments and technical expertise with occasional serious side effects. Direct ethanol injection has been widely used for the control of bleeding in gastrointestinal lesion, esophageal varices or renal cell carcinoma with good results. So we tried direct injection of ethanol into the tumor to relieve the obstruction of major bronchus in 11 patients. Method: All procedures were done under the fiberoptic bronchoscopy with continuous oxygen supplement and aliquoted 0.5-1.0 ml of absolute ethanol directly into the tumor through the endobronchial aspiration needle. The tumor was endoscopically removed with a biopsy forceps immediately after ethanol injection. The whole procedure was repeated 3-4 days interval until the lumen opens. Usually after 2-3 trials of ethanol injection, the lumen opened up. Results: The immediate effect of ethanol injection was whitening of the mucosa and prompt cessation of bleeding. The late effect was necrosis of the tumor. The final results of this procedure were improvement of symptoms and reexpnasion of the lung in all patients. $FEV_{1.0}$ and FVC were improved and $PaO_2$ was increased from $68.1{\pm}9.2$ mmHg to $83.9{\pm}8.1$ mmHg, $SaO_2$: from $94{\pm}8.5%$ to $96.6{\pm}1.1%$, and $AaDO_2$ was reduced from $26.5{\pm}8.5$ mmHg to $10.9{\pm}9.1$ mmHg. Conclusion: Direct ethanol injection into the tumor tissue is a rapid, cheap and relatively safe method of relieving the complete occlusion of major bronchus.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2016

It has been generally accepted that obesity and overweight are associated with metabolic diseases and cancer incidence. In fact, obesity increased risks of cancers i.e. breast, liver, pancreatic and prostate. Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Thunder god vine, was used as a Chinese traditional medicine for treatment of inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, lupus erythematosus and Alzheimer's disease. Also, celastrol has various biological properties of chemo-preventive, neuro-protective, and anti-oxidant effects. Recent studies demonstrated that celastrol has anti-proliferation effects in different type of obesity-related cancers and suppresses tumor progression and metastasis. Anticancer effects of celastrol include regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$, heat shock protein, JNK, VEGF, CXCR4, Akt/mTOR, MMP-9 and so on. For these reasons, celastrol has shown to be a promising anti-tumor agent. In this review, we will address the anticancer activities and multiple mechanisms of celastrol in obesity-related cancers.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.615-619
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• 2009

(+)-$Tr{\ddot{o}}ger$'s base in $Tr{\ddot{o}}ger$'s base racemates that inhibits thromboxane A2($T{\times}A2$) synthase has been used to treat arteriosclerosis. Separation of (+)-$Tr{\ddot{o}}ger$'s base by chromatography has become a major concern. However separation experiments of (+)-$Tr{\ddot{o}}ger$'s base need time and consumables so that simulation with Aspen Chromatography could save time and costs by predicting the efficiency of separation. Injection amount and eluent flow rate were varied to compare the resolutions and yields of TB(-) and TB(+). Highest resolution and yield were attained at the eluent rate of 0.25 mL/min. Isotherms representing the relationship between mobile phase concentration and stationary phase concentration were changed to get the best separation with Ideal Adsorbed Solution(IAS) Statistical Lanmuir isotherms.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2021

This study is a study to recognize hand movements using a neural network for wrist rehabilitation. The rehabilitation of the hand aims to restore the function of the injured hand to the maximum and enable daily life, occupation, and hobby. It is common for a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, and a security tool maker to form a team and approach a doctor for a hand rehabilitation. However, it is very inefficient economically and temporally to find a place for treatment. In order to solve this problem, in this study, patients directly use smart devices to perform rehabilitation treatment. Using this will be very helpful in terms of cost and time. In this study, a wrist rehabilitation dataset was created by collecting data on 4 types of rehabilitation exercises from 10 persons. Hand gesture recognition was constructed using a neural network. As a result, the accuracy of 93% was obtained, and the usefulness of this system was verified.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2004

Purpose : Patient immobilization is crucial factor for radiation therapy. Generally, we have been used vacuum bag immobilization device(Vac-Lock) for whole body immobilization. In order to easily set up of vacuum bag(Vac-Lock), we made a 3DCA(3-Dimensional Conformal Accessary). The purpose of this study is evaluation of effectiveness of 3DCA using Vack-Lock for patient immobilization. Materials and Methods : We made 3DCA(3-Dimensional Conformal Accessary) tool of wooden boards. The reasons to choice of wooden boards are its easily handling nature and cheap expenses. Results : (1) We reduced man power from $5{\sim}6$persons to 1person to make immobilizations, (2) Shortened work time from 1hour to within 10minutes. (3) Avoid a collision to treatment gantry head. (4) Its shapes are smart and clean. Conclusion : We have made and used 3DCA(3-Dimensional Conformal Accessary) tool was very effective and convenience for the patients and users.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.756-760
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• 2021

Frankincense has been used as a traditional medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, and muscle pain. In this study, the anti-tuberculosis effects of Frankincense were evaluated in immune responses of macrophages. Frankincense methanol extract was not cytotoxic to the host. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay using human macrophage (THP-1) cells did not show cytotoxic effects or morphological changes with treatments of 31.3, 62.5, and 125 ㎍/mL Frankincense methanol extract (FRM). Inhibitory effects of Frankincense methanol extract on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages were investigated. The immune response was measured by monitoring the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in THP-1 cells with or without M. tuberculosis infection under Frankincense methanol extract treatment. Inflammatory cytokine levels and M. tuberculosis numbers were reduced in THP-1 cells treated with Frankincense methanol extract. Therefore, Frankincense methanol extract could be used as a potential anti-tuberculosis agent.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2012

Objective : The study is to investigate current state of leisure activity in people with stroke (including leisure activity that people with stroke participate and hope, the reason why people with stroke paticipate in leisure activity, the cost that spent in leisure activity, and leisure activity satisfaction) on community rehabilitation center. Method : Frequency analysis were performed with the SPSS 12.0 statistics package program. Result : First, the findings showed that leisure activity participated most of people with stroke disabled appear as 'swimming', and appear sequence 'gate ball', 'yoga', 'energy gymnastics' on sports leisure activity. Second, the findings showed that leisure activity costs are fifth thousand won a month on average, most of people with stroke experienced satisfactory state in leisure activity. Third, the findings showed that leisure activity appeared to satisfaction 63.1% people with stroke disabled used the community rehabilitation center. Conclusion : First, The community rehabilitation center must develop leisure activity for people with stroke. Second, Leisure activity needs to support financial affairs. Third, leisure activity need professor for body function improve. Fourth, leisure activity must participates with the community sociaty.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

For the successful execution of an ODA project, it is necessary to know what areas are weak and necessary to the country of demand exactly. The health sector is also a top priority in most of developing countries. This study was carried out to introduce non-communicable disease (NCD) in Fiji for ODA projects planning. The major causes of death in Fiji in 2016 are diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, lower respiratory infect, asthma in ranking. The major causes of death in Korea in same year are cancer, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, pneumonia, suicide, diabetes in the order of ranking. The chronic disease as non-communicable disease (NCD) has been increasing continuously due to changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns and population aging in prevalence rate. This global trend is also apparent in Fiji and Korea, reflected in increasing mortality and personal costs for the treatment and management of NCD. The need for a sustained comprehensive treatment tailored for individual patients has suggested from many studies and the development of a systematic program to manage NCD patients to provide such care have been recommended. The Fiji government developed Non-communicable Diseases Strategic Plan 2015-2019 and has tried to reduce the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases by factors. The WHO global action plan guiding national-level NCD policies requires an NCD prevention and control model at the community level, presenting strategic goals and detailed options for the introduction and application of the approach to communities. It is necessary to develop an NCD prevention and control model, consisting of a strategy of community intervention, education for students and NCD patients, and the legal enactment of NCD that adequately meets the needs of community members.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.2 s.88
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• pp.91-100
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• 2006

This paper examines the situation and tasks of UK rail privatization, especially focusing on after the Hatfield rail accident. Earlier research which focused on the UK's Privatization had little knowledge of the explanations for recent changes. Moreover they had difficulty making a direct comparison between national rail and the privatized rail. Therefore we aye left without a good explanation which has a comprehensive perspective. I attempt to show the change in the rail privatization Process and its outcome, focusing on after the Hatfield rail accident. This Paper argues that the UK's vail privatization process has a regulatory framework which is too complicated with overlapping responsibilities that brought about inefficiency, increasing costs and a superficial safety regime. Especially the planning of rail and infrastructure maintenance did not come to play an appropriate role. However after 2000, the government took charge of setting the strategy for railways, and the Office of Rail Regulation covered safety performance and cost. explain that these changes present a good opportunity to solve the problem of passing the buck for poor performance. Through the analysis, I find that the passenger rail network is well-suited to deliver long distance business and commuters and that the subsidy from the government is decreasing. However, performance, for example punctuality and reliability. should be improved. Especially the Hatfield rail accident caused a reduction in the satisfaction of passengers. In future. the problems of rising costs and monopoly franchise system should be addressed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1107-1115
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• 2005

Purpose : An outbreak of ESBL-producing Shigella sonnei enteritis was unprecedented not only in Korea but throughout the world in the past. We intended to devise a management guideline for ESBL-producing shigellosis based on analysis of clinical manifestations and response to therapy. Methods : We analyzed 103 patients who were admitted to the hospital with acute GI symptoms and were shown positive result for S. sonnei on stool culture. We performed sensitivity test to the antibiotics and DNA sequencing of ESBL gene in the isolated S. sonnei colonies. In addition, we retrospectively analyzed their clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and clinical and microbiological responses to the antibiotics. Results : Among the clinical manifestations, fever was the most frequent(96.1%), followed by diarrhea(93.2%), abdominal pain(76.7%), headache(71.8%), vomiting(65.0%), and nausea(41.7%). The fever was sustained for average of 2.0 days and diarrhea for 3.9 days. Watery diarrhea was the most common(69%) followed by mucoid(26%), and bloody stool(5%). On peripheral blood smear, leukocytosis was noted in 53.4% of patients, and 78.6% of patients tested positive for serum CRP response. On stool direct smear, 11.7% of patients showed more than 50 WBCs/HPF, and 9.7% of patients between 5 to 20 WBCs/HPF. Stool occult blood was positive in 71% of patients. Production of CTX-M-14 type ESBL was reported for all S. sonnei strains isolated from this outbreak. Microbiological eradication rates to various antibiotics were as follows : 100%(9/9) to ciprofloxacin, 100% 5/5) to azithromycin, 6.9%(5/72) to cefdinir, 0%(0/8) to ceftriaxone, 12.5%(1/8) to ceftizoxime, 0%(0/ 8) to TMP/SMX, 42.9%(3/7) to ampicillin/sulbactam, 20%(1/5) to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 68.8 %(11/16) to imipenem/cilastatin. Conclusion : It is presumed that azithromycin can be an attractive option for the treatment of ESBL-producing S. sonnei enteritis in pediatric population, given its cost-effectiveness and safety. Although ciprofloxacin is another cost-effective agent, its use in pediatric population may be a bit too premature.