• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.165-193
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• 2013

This study purposes to explore the growing process through spousal bereavement in later life, and to develop the theory. A qualitative research was conducted, and the participants were 17 seniors. The analysis according to Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory(1998), resulted in 143 concepts, 43 subcategories, and 19 categories. Range analysis according to paradigm showed that the causal conditions were 'marital relationships', 'independent/dependent tendencies', and 'emotional readiness for the death of a spouse', and the phenomena were 'depression', 'hopelessness', 'daily stress', 'psychological intimidation', 'regret', and 'sense of being freed'. The contextual conditions that affect these phenomena were 'desire for intimate personal relationships' and 'desire to maintain independence'; the action/interaction strategies to manage the phenomena were 'facing reality' and 'efforts for construction of the new life'; and the mediating conditions that promote or suppress these action/interaction strategies were 'social support' and 'spirituality'. The results were 'reconstruction of the meaning in life', 'increase in self-esteem', 'reinforcement of social network' and 'embrace and acceptance'. Furthermore, when personal growth after bereavement of a spouse was analyzed focusing on changes over time, the growth process consisted of three steps: 'sadness and despair', 'embracing and moving forward', and 'personal growth'. The pattern analyses were performed to typify recurring relations by category, and 5 types were derived. The results of our study show that personal growth after spousal loss is an integrative process in life after crisis, and can be conceptualized as the process of overcoming the despair that immediately follows the death of a spouse, seeking a new life by actively taking control, and discovering a strengthened self.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.327-356
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• 2014

The ultimate goal of the local government is the owner of the residents welfare of the community. Welfare of the residents will start from the protection of life and property of the inhabitants. Much of this protective activity is a function of the police. Therefore, to be a municipal & local police that is based on the autonomy of the local conceptual prerequisites for the welfare of the population. Municipal & local police activities are activities for the local community rooted in the community that the police and to rejoin the community, municipal & local police activities taking place in the center of the area to solve the problem, but to reduce the fear of crime and disorder, crime as an expression of the efforts of the local residence themselves to improve the overall quality of life of the community as a partner recognition local residents. Municipal & local police in this case be introduced across the board in the central and local governments is careful review of the various alternatives been prepared on analysis is crucial to reduce the trial and error by providing the best alternative. priority should be to figure out exactly what the reason to introduce a municipal police. in other words, the introduction of the municipal & local police in the central and local governments, state police and municipal & local police, the ruling party and the opposition, regional self-government initiative unseen conflict between organizations and local governments are not welcomed by local residence in local time truly 'safe' and will have to face that the 'improve quality of life'.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.50
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• pp.35-57
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• 2017

Security Act has been partially revised many times since it was revised to "Security Service Act". Main contents of such revision consist of the addition of security work such as protection or special security, responsibility enforcement of security company or security guard and systematic management of security service based on security work of previous security service act. But, it needs to be checked out that the fundamental matter about the concept of 'security' is directly related as double-edged sword in such flow of legal revision. That is because security service satisfies the multiple needs for security in the modern risky society and is based on the concept of active management whose goal is to forster and develop the function of actual security service comparing that current "Security Service Act" regulates the formal security service whose goal is permission of security service and systematic management based on article 2 as previous facilities and manned security that is guard duty-centered security service in another respect. So, this study pointed out the limit of interpreting security and security service in "Security Services Industry Act" in respect of providing private security service and drew the conclusion that the legislation and efforts are required for 'security for citizen' by reinterpreting the legislation and revision of private security service-related law as the normal regulation of "Security Services Industry Act" and the special law of "Private Security Services Industry Act".

• Archives of design research
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• no.18
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• pp.25-34
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• 1996

Industrial design development methods and processes have changed in accordance with Industrial Information Age. These days, problems are created by existing methods and evaluation of design value , all problems concerned with time and finances sitaution have been made a subject of discussion. Development of design processes have been changed by the development of problem recognition and solving tools, and dpsign tpchnulugy havp hppn replaced by computer technology,Thus. software design processes linking thoughtware to hardware are used in the solution of design problems with many parts. In this study, 3D Modeling samples are presented, 3D Modeling can realise ' Ideas' to '3Dimentional Virtual Ohjects'. These effect and value are anle to decisively influence the process of design problem conference-ebealuation-solution.Proxesses of actual modeling and rendering are made as follows. By compusition of simple 20 drawings and shaping them into 30 objects, 30 solid models can be made. To prssent effectivley, we can make a sample model by varying camera views,light sourses,materials and colours etc. This sample is evaluated by various cumposition, methods and PERT(Program Evaluation and Review Technique). This cuncrete sample (tentative plan)is changed within the CAD SYSTEM by design evaluation, and then converted to flowchart of mass productive conception through refined data. So, that tentative plan can be conformed to design desire actuillly, to the utmost degree. Finally, this design process can be proposed as il new method in cuntrast with current methods. The aim of this study is to suggest effective evaluation methods of design outcome among many evaluating elements.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2013

There are many concerns about radiation exposure in Korea after Fukushima Nuclear Plant Accident on 2011 in Japan. As some isotope materials are detected in Korea, people get worried about the radioactive material. In addition, the mass media create an air of anxiety that jump on the people's fear instead of scientific approach. Therefore, for curbing this flow, health, medical institute from the world provide a variety of information about medical radiation safety and hold the campaign which can give people the image that medical radiation is safe. At this, the Korean Food and Drug Administration(KFDA) suggested that make the alliance of medical radiation safety and culture on August, 2011. Seven societies and institutions related medical radiation started to research and advertise the culture of medical radiation safety in Korea. In this report, mainly introduce the activities of the Korean Alliance for Radiation Safety and Culture in Medicine(KARSM) for spreading culture of medical radiation safety from 2011 to 2012.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

In this study, we propose research methods to explore the nature of earth science by applying the phenomenological approach and NOS-family resemblance approach based on literature review. The phenomenological approach exploring the nature of earth science is a method of collecting, analyzing and synthesizing multifaceted features of earth science from intuitive sensory phenomena without prejudice. As a way of exploring the nature of earth science from a phenomenological point of view, we propose the NOS-family resemblance approach to the NOS. This approach provides a comprehensive explanation of NOS by combining the characteristics shared by different areas of science with distinct differences. Applying this method to exploring the nature of earth science, we can identify both domain-general and domain-specific characteristics that make sub-areas of earth science a 'family.' For example, through the networking of features shared by such sub-areas as geology, atmospheric science, oceanography, astronomy, earth system science, etc., we can extract the family-resemblance characteristics that make these sub-areas a family called earth science. Through these approaches to the nature of earth science, the richness, complexity, and dynamic nature of earth science can be revealed as a whole. In addition, we will be able to grasp the change in the sub-areas that constitute the earth science, which in turn changes the nature of earth science, and to contribute to establishing the status and development system of earth science as a school subject.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2005

Purpose: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and technical problems of the endoscopic balloon dilatation of esophageal anomalies in children. Methods: The medical records of 8 children treated by endoscopic balloon dilatation for esophageal anomalies over a 10-year period at Pusan National University Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The balloon catheter (Maxforce TTS or CRE, Boston Scientific Co., USA) was positioned across the area of narrowing by direct visualization. The balloon was slowly inflated with normal saline to specified pressures for each balloon and maintained for 60 seconds and then deflated. After 60 seconds pause, the procedure was repeated with a larger sized balloon (increments of 1 mm for each subsequent dilation) till effective dilatation was confirmed by direct visualization without complications. Results: Three male and five female were included and their mean age was 4.2 years. A total of 27 (average of 3.2 per patient) dilatation were performed. Underlying diseases of patients are postoperative stricture of esophageal atresia in 3 cases, esophageal ring in 2 cases, achalasia, corrosive esophagitis and hypertensive LES in one case respectively. The size of initial dilating balloon was chosen on the basis of the diameter of the narrowing determined by endoscopy. The first dilation in patients with severe esophageal stricture was made with a 6 mm sized balloon. Complications observed were esophageal perforation and respiratory holding during the procedure in one case respectively. Successful outcome was seen in 6 patients (75%). Conclusion: Endoscopic balloon dilatation can provide a safe and effective mean of treating esophageal anomalies in children and should be considered the treatment of choice in the initial management of those cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.392-396
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• 2002

Background: Video-thoracoscopy is known to be an useful method to provide accurate pre-resectional staging in patients with lung cancer in addition to the conventional radiologic studies and mediastinoscopy, for the pleural cavity is inspected directly and biopsy specimens call be obtained. This study is undertaken to evaluate how video-thoracoscopy can be used in deciding pre-resectional stage Material and Method: Video-thoracoscopy was performed in patients with lung cancer who were scheduled for surgical resection based on the radiologic staging and mediastinoscopic biopsy. 37 patients were included in this study. Pre-thoracoscopically 18 cases were in TNM stage 1, 7 in stage 2, and 12 in stage 3. Result: In 15 of 37 cases, video-thoracoscopy could not be performed effectively due to heavy adhesions in the pleural cavity, diaphragmatic and chest wall invasion of tumor and bulky tumor mass es. Mediastinal lymph nodes were positive postresectionally in 6 of these 15 cases. In 22 cases, video-thoracoscopy was performed as usual. Positive mediastinal lymph nodes were identified in 2 cases and exploratory thoracotomy was prevented. Surgical resection were carried out in remaining 20 cases and 5 cases among them had positive mediastinal lymph nodes. Conclusion: We believe that it is difficult to perform pre-thoracotorny video-thoracoscopy for all lung cancer patients for there were many cases that thoracoscory could not be undertaken doe to heavy adhesions in the pleural cavity, tumor involvement of the chest wall and/or diaphragm and bulky tumor mass. However we think it is helpful in preventing unnecessary exploratory thoracotomy for some patients with lung cancer whom pre-thoracotomy video-thoracoscopy was carried out.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

This Paper is concerned with the impact of linguistic markers of coherence, such as causal connectives. repetitions. and anchoring devices. on the comprehension of a scientific text in Korean. A scientific text on the process of lightning formation was selected. and two versions of the text were constructed by varying the strength of coherence. Eighty-two undergraduate students took Part in the experiment in which they were instructed to fill in the blanks in each text in a recall and a recognition task and to respond to a set of question in a comprehension test. The results of this experiment revealed a selective effect of the cohesive markers. It was found that the different linguistic signals seem to Play a facilitating role in varying degrees in accordance with the type of tasks involved Moreover an analysis of topic continuity from the beginning paragraphs through the last revealed that the text was better understood in the paragraphs containing the main topic better than those without it. This finding seems to indicate that the off-line processing of scientific text is not influenced solely by the local bottom-up processing alone The effect of topic continuity seems to suggest that a global. top-down processing effect has an important role to play. overriding the impact of cohesive devices.