• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.552-554
• /
• 2019

Deaf mutism (a hearing-impaired person and speech disorders) communicates using sign language. There are difficulties in communicating by voice. However, sign language can only be limited in communicating with people who know sign language because everyone doesn't use sign language when they communicate. In this paper, a finger language translation system is proposed and implemented as a means for the disabled and the non-disabled to communicate without difficulty. The proposed algorithm recognizes the finger language data by leap motion and self-learns the data using machine learning technology to increase recognition rate. We show performance improvement from the simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.184-189
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we realized a system that receives the dynamic images of finger languages, which is the method of intention transmission of the hearing disabled person, using the white and black CCD camera, and that recognizes the images and converts them to the editable text document. We use the afterimage to draw a sharp line between indistinct images and clear images from a series of inputted images, and get the character alphabet from the away of continuous images and output the accomplished character to the word editor by applying the automata theory. After the system removes the varied wrist part from the data of clean image, it gets the controid point of hand by the maximum circular movement method and recognizes the hand that is necessary to analyze the finger languages by applying the circular pattern vector algorithm. The system abstracts the characteristic vectors of the hand using the distance spectrum from the center of the hand and it compares the characteristic vector of inputted pattern from the standard pattern by applying the fuzzy inference and recognizes the movement of finger languages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.597-600
• /
• 2003

용인시 백암취수장 주변 지역의 지하수에 대해 기초적인 지화학적 조사를 수행하였다. 현장측정자료에서는 취수정의 pH와 EC값이 주변지하수보다 지표수와 유사한 값을 보이며, 취수정의 용존산소(DO) 함량이 천층지하수보다 높은 값을 보인다. 더구나 취수정의 경우 NO$_3$함량이 10.5-12.1 mg/L이며 주변 지하수는 7.2-25.3 mg/L, 지표수는 13.1-14.9 mg/L로서 취수정의 설치심도가 70-180m로서 상대적으로 깊은 암반층에 설치되어 있다 하더라도 주변지하수 및 인접 지표수의 혼입에 의해 영향을 받아 오염이 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와 같이 연구 지역은 현재 취수정이 모두 청미천변에 위치하고 있어서, 현재 암반 지하수로 개발하고 있는 취수정 지하수가 주변 천부지하수 및 지표수에 의한 혼입 및 오염가능성이 높기 때문에, 앞으로 장기적인 모니터링 및 지화학적 연구가 지속적으로 이루어 져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.165-166
• /
• 2000

가막만은 반폐쇄성 해역으로 해수의 유통이 잘 되지 않고 주변에 여수시의 생활하수가 유입되는 곳이다. 또한 양식어장 증가 및 화학공장의 건설 등 다양한 오염원의 증가로 만 북부에서는 하계에 빈산소 현상이 주년 나타나고 있어 수산피해가 우려된다. 본 연구의 목적은 표층퇴적물과 주상 퇴적물에 함유된 유기물과 금속성분을 분석하여 각 성분의 지화학적 특성을 이해하고 이들 물질의 오염원 분포 및 강도를 추정하는데 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.276-279
• /
• 2005

마금산온천 지역에 대한 기초적인 지화학 조사를 수행하였다. 연구지역내에는 일반 지하수와 온천수가 함께 산출되며, 온천수의 지화학적 특성은 마금산 온천이 해수의 영향을 받았음을 지시한다. 또한 주변의 일반지하수와의 혼합정도에 따라 지화학적 특성이 변화하고 있으며, 일반지하수 또한 온천수의 영향을 지역적으로 받고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 마금산온천을 생성시킨 지열수가 연구지역의 지하수체계에 광범위하게 영향을 주고 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.2006-2013
• /
• 2015

Deaf are it is difficult to communicate to represent the voice heard, so theay use mostly using the speech, sign language, writing, etc. to communicate. It is the best way to use sign language, in order to communicate deaf and normal people each other. But they must understand to use sign language. In this paper, we designed and implementated finger language translation system to support communicate between deaf and normal people. We used leap motion as input device that can track finger and hand gesture. We used raspberry pi that is low power sing board computer to process input data and translate finger language. We implemented application used Node.js and MongoDB. The client application complied with HTML5 so that can be support any smart device with web browser.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.1101-1106
• /
• 2008

People who have hearing difficulties suffer from satisfactory mutual interaction with normal people because there are little chances of communicating each other. It is caused by rare communication of people who have hearing difficulties with normal people because majority of normal people can not understand sing language that is represented by gestures and is used by people who have hearing difficulties as a principal way of communication. In this paper, we propose a recognition method of finger language using FCM algorithm in order to be possible of communication of people who have hearing difficulties with normal people. In the proposed method, skin regions are extracted from images acquired by a camera using YCbCr and HSI color spaces and then locations of two hands are traced by applying 4-directional edge tracking algorithm on the extracted skin lesions. Final hand regions are extracted from the traced hand regions by noise removal using morphological information. The extracted final hand regions are classified and recognized by FCM algorithm. In the experiment using images of finger language acquired by a camera, we verified that the proposed method have the effect of extracting two hand regions and recognizing finger language.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2023

This study investigates the effect of sEMG sampling frequency on CNN learning performance at Korean finger number recognition application. Since the bigger sampling frequency of sEMG signals generates bigger size of input data and takes longer CNN's learning time. It makes making real-time system implementation more difficult and more costly. Thus, there might be appropriate sampling frequency when collecting sEMG signals. To this end, this work choose five different sampling frequencies which are 1,024Hz, 512Hz, 256Hz, 128Hz and 64Hz and investigates CNN learning performance with sEMG data taken at each sampling frequency. The comparative study shows that all CNN recognized Korean finger number one to five at the accuracy of 100% and CNN with sEMG signals collected at 256Hz sampling frequency takes the shortest learning time to reach the epoch at which korean finger number gestures are recognized at the accuracy of 100%.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.297-310
• /
• 2007

통과대장석순재심적생리방면적천발적연구(通過對張錫純在心的生理方面的闡發的硏究), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論). 혈내생어심화(血內生於心火), 병의뢰대기이운행. 대기이원기위본(大氣以元氣爲本), 원기생어명문혈(元氣生於命門穴), 수수곡지기적배양(受水穀之氣的培養), 류어흉중(留於胸中), 차흉중대기칭위종기(此胸中大氣稱爲宗氣). 군화내시발어심중지양중지화(君火乃是發於心中之陽中之火), 가소화비위지음식물(可消化脾胃之飮食物), 군화하행즉상화왕성(君火下行則相火旺成), 하원변득온난(下元變得溫暖). 상화원어명문혈(相火源於命門穴), 순삼초적유막(망유)여심포결상연(循三焦的油膜(網油)與心包結相連), 개속어화(皆屬於火), 진견어우수척부맥(診見於右手尺部脈). 선천지군화내단전지원양(先天之君火乃丹田之元陽), 상화내명문지화(相火乃命門之火); 후천지군화내심화(後天之君火乃心火), 상화역위명문지화(相火亦爲命門之火), 이속어담중기생지화(而屬於膽中寄生之火). 원양지화여명문상화(元陽之火與命門相火), 가소화대소장적음식(可消化大小腸的飮食), 상초지심화여중초지담화(上焦之心火與中焦之膽火), 가소화위중적음식(可消化胃中的飮食). 장석순종합료서방인제출적신명재뇌적학설(張錫純綜合了西方人提出的神明在腦的學說), 단경적원신설(丹經的元神說), 이급"두자정명지부"화"심자군주지궁(以及"頭者精明之府"和"心者君主之宮), 신명출언"지설(神明出焉"之說), 인위뇌내신명지체(認爲腦乃神明之體), 위원신소거(爲元神所居), 심내신명지용(心乃神明之用), 위식신작용지소(爲識神作用之所).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.545-554
• /
• 2017

Birnessite is one of the dominant Mn (oxyhydr)oxide phases commonly found in soil and deep ocean environments. It typically occurs as nano-sized and poorly crystalline aggregates in the natural environment. It is well known that birnessite participates in a wide variety of bio/geochemical reactions as a reactive mineral phase with structural defects, cation vacancies, and mixed valences of structural Mn. These various bio/geochemical reactions control not only the fate and transport of inorganic and organic substances in the environment, but also the formation of diverse Mn (oxyhydr)oxides through birnessite transformation. This review assessed and discussed about the phase transformation of birnessite under a wide range of environmental conditions and about the potential geochemical factors controlling the corresponding reactions in the literature. Birnessite transformation to other types of Mn (oxyhydr)oxides were affected by dissolved Mn(II), dissolved oxygen, solution pH, and co-existing cation (i.e., $Mg^{2+}$). However, there still have been many issues to be unraveled on the complex bio/geochemical processes involved in the phase transformation of birnessite. Future work on the detail mechanisms of birnessite transformation should be further investigated.