• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.49-63
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• 2019

Crowdedness management at subway platforms is essential to improve services, including the prevention of train delays and ensuring passenger safety. Establishing effective crowdedness mitigation measures for platforms requires accurate estimation of the congestion level. There are temporal and spatial constraints since crowdedness on subway platforms is assessed at certain locations every 1-2 years by hand counting. However, smart cards generate real-time big data 24 hours a day and could be used in estimating congestion. This study proposes a model based on data from transit cards to estimate crowdedness dynamically. Crowdedness was defined as demand, which can be translated into passengers dynamically moving along a subway network. The trajectory of an individual passenger can be identified through this model. Passenger flow that concentrates or disperses at a platform is also calculated every minute. Lastly, the platform congestion level is estimated based on effective waiting areas for each platform structure.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.577-588
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• 2017

There are many constraints, both economically and ethically that experimenting human evacuation behavior in situations such as fire. Therefore, the evacuation behavior is simulated based on the existing studies. In recent years, the foundation has been established as computer performance advances, models closer to reality can be studied. In this study, the evacuation time in the subway platform was analyzed from modeling human behavior and smoke propagation in a fire. The evacuation efficiency was also examined by dividing the shape of the subway station platform by the stair position and comparing the evacuation times for each platform. As a result, it was found that the side platform was longer than the island platform by 36.82% more time to evacuation. The shape of the stairs is most advantageous in terms of evacuation form side type platform was 210 seconds and island type platform was 186 seconds, when a fire occurs in the center of the platform. And most favorable in location of evacuation stairs were located at 2/5 point and 4/5 from depending on the step location.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

현재 많은 나라에서 지하철 역사에 승강장 스크린 도어(Platform Screen Door)를 설치하여 열차진입에 따른 승강장부의 공조환경 개선 및 승객의 안전을 확보하고자 하고 있다. 한국에서도 서울 지하철 9호선을 비롯하여 각 도시에서 PSD를 지하철 승강장부에 설치하는 노력이 시도되고 있으나, 이에 대한 검증은 전무한 실정이다 한국에서의 지하철 이용 분담율은 30％정도이며, 향후 약 50％까지 이를 것으로 예상되며, 이에 따라 PSD설비는 증가할 것으로 전망된다. 따라서 PSD 설치에 대한 지하철역사 환기 및 화재시의 배연설비에 대한 연구의 필요성은 날로 논아지고 있는 실정이다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2008-2013
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• 2010

Recently, a lot of newsstands and mini station-store are operated as a store at the platform of subway. But the papers and magazines which are main articles for sale could be as the source of fire ignitable because those kind of easy flammable. Therefore the newsstands could be the target for fire. In this paper, numerical fire simulations for the News-stand were conducted to develop the news-stand fire simulation methodology for fire safety.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.615-625
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• 2021

Prior to proposing appropriate standard for subway station platform, this study conducted field measurements to examine characteristics of room acoustics on platform of two subway stations. As a result of analyzing the longitudinal length of the platform, Sound Pressure Level (SPL) decreased (maximum difference : 14 dB), Reverberation Time (RT) tended to increase (maximum difference of 0.8 s ~ 1.5 s), and C50 and D50 were decreased (maximum difference: 5.9 dB ~ 9.1 dB and 31.8 % ~ 37.6 %, respectively) as measurement positions moved away from the sound source. The Interaural Cross-correlation Coefficient (IACC) did not show clear tendency, but it was lower than 0.3 in entire points. It is judged that the subway platform has non-uniform sound field characteristics due to various combinations of direct and reflective sound even though it is finished with a strong reflective material.This indicates that the room acoustic characteristics of the near and far sound field are clearly expressed depending on the source-receiver distances in the subway platform having a long flat shape with a low height compared to the length.Therefore, detailed architectural and electric acoustic design based on the characteristics of each location of speaker and sound receiver in the platform is required for an acoustic design with clear sound information at all positions of the platform.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.77-105
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• 2010

This essay aims to look into the possibility and limit of a technological fix with the PSD (platform screen door), which was proposed as the solution of subway risk problems. Subway risk problems may be classified into five categories-on-rail accidents, in-station accidents, platform accidents, spatial risks in underground, and risks due to a crime or terror-, and the platform accidents, which happens at the interface between the rail and the station, is the most serious and prominent. The PSD is considered as an effective technical means to prevent platform accidents. However, there remains a possibility of aggravating unexpected and invisible risks. When a fire breaks out in platforms, especially at exchange stations during the rush hour, the PSD can become a "wall of outcrying", since it may act as the "safety shutter" which killed many people in the 2003 Daegu subway disaster. This is why we need to look into the limit of a technological fix with the PSD.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2015

With the rapid development of modern society, subway has become one of the most typical urban transport systems. Since fire accident occurred at Daegu subway in 2003, importance of life safety and disaster prevention have been widely recognized and many studies have been carried out. As a result of these studies, fire-retardant and non-combustible interior material and platform screen door with passenger guide indication device have been developed, but studies on a subway evacuation criteria have been in a stalemate. Therefore, this study is intended to improve the subway evacuation standard. It is very difficult to take into account whole subway system, so a typological approach to a ticket was carried out referring to previous studies focused on a subway platform. this paper selected the most common subway platforms and estimated evacuation time among 10 platforms from previous studies and 8 from this study. As a result, evacuation time exceeded 6 minutes which is the guideline of existing standard. Therefore, it is necessary to update the standard for evacuation time and add supplementary conditions which can help establishing the measures for safety facilities and prevention measures.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.437-445
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• 2015

The layout of facilities, in relation to information and navigational displays, has great influence on subway satisfaction, and tend to vary depending on the types of subway platform and transit station. However, until now, few studies have covered such aspects as of yet. Starting from this viewpoint, the purpose of this study was to use an IPA analysis technique to analyze that satisfaction on the importance of facilities to aid in accessibility, such as elevators and escalators, transit amenities and information and navigational displays depending on the types of platform and transit station. To do so, we've classified 15 metropolitan stations according to types of platform and transit station and analyzed differences in user importance and satisfaction as well as improvements for platforms and transit stations of similar type. By the analysis results of this study, we've concluded that the proper selection and positioning of elevator and escalator facilities and information and navigational displays was important when designing the subway station according to platform type (separate platform) and or according to the transit station type (cross, L, T types) where pedestrian flow heavily intersected. We considered that such analysis results would be helpful in the design of new stations and the enhancement of existing stations pursuant to a new direction that minimizes user inconvenience, and that improvement items should be developed first according to the platform and transit station types, which would be helpful in enhancing the efficiency of the subway improvement cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.65-70
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• 2002

지하철 역사에서의 신조명 방식을 적용(특히 승강장)하기 위하여, 우선 지하철역사의 조명 특성 및 현황을 살펴보고, 최근의 주요 신조명 방식 몇 가지를 점검해 본 후, 그중 현실적인 여건상 바람직한 조명이라고 생각되는 광파이프 조명을 중심으로 현재 일반적으로 설치된 형광등 조명 방식과 비교/검토해 보았다. 광파이프 국내공급사에서 입수한 조명 프로그램으로써 국내의 지하철 역사 승강장을 시뮬레이션 해본 결과로는, 광파이프 조명시스템(프리즘 방식)은 초기 투자가 너무 크고 효율적인 광원이 없어, 현재까지는 형광등조명보다도 약 배 이상 고비용이며 원래의 라인 조명으로서의 양호한 균제도 특성도 충분히 살리지 못하여 좀 더 발전시켜야 적합해질 것이라고 판단되었다.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.252
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• pp.36-38
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• 2009