• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 1977

Perennial weeds which were grown in transplanted paddy field formed their tubers under shortday condition. Under short day treatment, the induction periods for tuber formation were different depending upon the weed species. 80% cut tubers of the weeds did not loose their developing ability perfectly. Emergence also affected by soil conditions and depths covered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.05c
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• pp.89-97
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• 2009

As landscaping building roofs and concrete structures increase gradually for low carbon green growth policy of government, But waterproofing membranes of those structures are effecting by root penetration of landscape plant. 80, we progressed study about test method for fast evaluating root resistance of waterproofing materials jointly with Tokyo Institute of Technology. The result of the study is as follows: (1) The penetrating load of the needle at the displacement speed of 1mm/min was measured for various membrane to basis and lap joints of membrane, the load force was $3{\sim}50$ N by material variously. (2) According to the test method of deriving rhizomes of bamboo grass to basis and lap joints of membrane, there were no penetrated membrane until present, but need persistent observation. (3) Test method of deriving rhizomes of bamboo grass to basis and lap joints of membrane can shorten from period of 2 years to 1 year for testing. Because rhizomes of bamboo grass can grow from May to September, test is possible in same period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.351-354
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• 1998

Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) is a popular lawn grass in the southeastern USA. It has a naturally light green color and grows well on a wide range of soil types. Studies show limited morphological variation present in centipedegrass germplasm. To obtain the high morphological variation, plants were established from the irradiated seed at 10 Kr, allowed to interpollinate and harvested bulk seed, and then irradiated again for the next cycles. Morphological characteristics were measured in the 5 genetic varition lines (TC201 : cv. Common and non irradiated, TC202 : 4th cycles, TC241 : 6th cycles, TC306 : 8th cycles, and TC318 : 5th cycles) induced by recurrent gamma radiation. The ranges of variation of recurrently radiated centipedegrass lines < TC202, TC241 and TC306 except TC318(TifBlair) > for the stolons per plant, total stolon length per plant, longest stolon length, leaf length and width at top-most exposed internode were wider than those of non-irradiated line (TC201). Recurrent gamma radiation was very effective to enlarge the ranges of variation of morphological characteristics in reproductive organ like stolons of centipedegrass. The effect of quantity of gamma ray irradiation cycles on the means and ranges of variation in the morphological characteristics of centipedegrass was not regularly tended.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2006

Certain European truffles including Tuber melanosporum (Perigord black truffle) and T. aestivum(Burgundy truffle), are valuable food commodities, selling for hundreds of dollars per kilogram worldwide. These underground(hypogeous) mushrooms may become profitable agroforestry crops in the south-central United States. Native to Europe, T. melanosporum and T. aestivum are being cultivated to a limited extent and with mixed results in New Zealand and the United States. Tuber species grow mutualistically as ectomycorrhizae with the roots of compatible host trees including white and evergreen oaks(Quercus spp.) and hazels(Corylus spp.). Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum have environmental requirements compatible with conductive sites in the south central US. Climatic and edaphic conditions for cultivating T. melanosporum are more constraining, but T. melanosporum also commands a much higher price.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2013

Whole genome transcriptomes from Miscanthus species were sequenced and analyzed, which provided 50 different types of transcription factor (TF) involving various developmental processes or environmental stresses. Among the explored TF, WRKY gene family was the major type and one of the WRKY genes, MSIR7180_WRKY4, induced under low temperature environment was selected to investigate how the Miscanthus-originated MSIR7180_WRKY4 TF responds when exposed to low temperature in four warm-season turfgrasses (Z. matrella 'Semil', bermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass, and seashore paspalum). The MSIR7180_WRKY4 was expressed higher during low temperature period in Bermudagrass, but the expression was enhanced in St. Augustinegrass. In contrast, the gene in 'Semil' cultivar was barely expressed and relatively less expressed, but repressed gradually in seashore paspalum, which seems to allow two turfgrasses stay-green longer in the fall season. The results indicate that bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass adapt to low temperature quickly, but relative tolerance to low or cold temperature at the molecular level needs to be further investigated at different physiological stages and the corresponding genes systematically.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.525-530
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• 2002

The optimum culture conditions for tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of Korea native Scopolia paviflora Nak. were investigated. Hairy root was induced from the rhizome of the mother plant on B5 medium containing 1.0 mg/L IBA. Among the culture media examined, 1/2 B5 medium was the best for tropane alkaloid production, whereas the growth of hairy root increased in SH medium. The best result on the growth of hairy root was obtained in 1.0 mg/L NAA, and tropane alkaloid production was obtained in plant growth regulator-free medium. Of the carbone sources tested, 3% sucrose promoted the growth of hairy root, whereas 5% sucrose increased tropane alkaloid production. Optimum inoculum densities for root growth and tropane alkaloid production were 0.5 g and 1 g, respectively. The addition of XAD resins (1 % w/v) to hairy root cultures led to increases in tropans alkaloid production, and the release of alkaloid into the medium and its adsorption by the resin accounted for about 50 to 80％ of total production. It is concluded that optimized culture conditions and the addition of XAD resins could be used in the development of a bioprocess for tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of S. paviflora Nak.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.22-22
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• 2018

실고사리[Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.]는 국내 자생하는 덩굴성 양치식물로 유인재배가 용이하여 실내 외 조경 및 관상소재로 활용이 가능하다. 한방에서는 전초를 해금사초, 포자를 해금사, 뿌리와 지하경을 해금사근이라 약재로 사용한다. 본 연구는 관상 및 약재로 이용이 가능한 실고사리의 대량생산을 위한 기내 외 번식방법을 개발하고자 수행되었다. 식물재료는 경상북도 의성군 일대에서 성체를 수집하여 청주의 일반하우스에 식재하여 성숙한 포자를 채취하였다. 포자를 기내 발아시켜 전엽체를 획득한 다음 8주 간격으로 계대하면서 연구의 재료를 확보하였다. 전엽체의 증식과 생육에 적합한 배지를 비교 하고자, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2MS배지와 Knop배지를 조성하여 배양하였다. 배양방법은 전엽체 300mg을 메스로 균일하게 다져서 배양하는 방법을 이용하였으며, 배양환경은 온도($25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$), 광도($30{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$), 광주기(16/8h light/dark)로 조절되었다. 연구결과, 모든 처리구의 생체중은 초기접종량 보다 11배 이상 증가하였고, 그 중 1MS배지에서는 전엽체의 생체중이 7.3g으로 가장 많이 증가하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 형태형성도 우수하여 모두 정상적인 전엽체의 형태인 하트형으로 발달이 유도되었다. 전엽체로부터 포자체 형성을 유도하고자, 원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트 및 마사토의 혼합비율을 5종류로 달리하여 사각분($7.5{\times}7.5{\times}7.5cm$)에 혼합토양을 충진하였다. 전엽체 1g과 증류수 25mL를 핸드블랜더로 10초간 분쇄하여 사각분의 토양표면에 균일하게 분주하는 방법을 사용하였다. 이후 온도($25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$), 광도($43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$), 광주기(16/8h light/dark), 습도($72{\pm}2.0%$)를 유지하면서 10주간 재배되었다. 연구결과, 원예상토 단용, 원예상토와 펄라이트 및 마사토가 2:1(v:v)로 혼합된 토양에서 각 498.0, 402.5, 482.5개의 포자체가 형성되어 사각분 면적대비 7.16개($cm^2$)가 생산되었다. 한편 포자체의 생육은 원예상토와 펄라이트가 2:1(v:v)로 혼합된 토양에서 생체중, 엽장, 엽폭, 근장 및 SPAD value 등이 우수하였다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2005

This experiment aimed to estimate the effect of imperfect rice on rice palatability. Rice cultivar, Ilpumbyeo, was cultivated by direct-seeding on flooded paddy surface with 11 kg/10a nitrogen application. Palatability of harvested rice was measured by NIR spectroscope. Brown rice was divided according to their appearance namely, perfect, discolored, green-kerneled, and immature opaque with a composition ratio of $75.7\%,\;11.0\%,\;8.0\%,\;and\;5.3\%$ respectively. When the perfect brown rice was milled, the grain were composed of head, cracked, and white core & belly, at $64.7\%,\;25.3\%\;and\;10.0\%$ respectively. The milled rice of discolored brown rice had similar composition with the perfect rice. The milled green-kerneled vice, on the other hand, had $36\%$ head rice and $64\%$ white core & belly rice. The immature opaque brown rice, when milled, had $25.3\%$ white core & belly and $74.7\%$ damage & opaque rice. With the respect to grain quality, the viscosity of white core at belly rice and damaged & opaque rice was lower than that of head rice. In contrast, their protein content was a little higher than that of head rice. The palatability value of pure imperfect rice was much lower than head rice. The palatability value of damaged & opaque rice was the lowest among the imperfect rices. When mixed with head rice, the damaged & opaque rice impacted on the deterioration of vice palatability. Mixing $1\%$ each of white core at belly rice and damaged h opaque rice decreased the palatability value by $5\%$ as compared with the head rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.453-461
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• 1996

Three Phyllostachys stands of P. pubescens, P. bambusoides and P. nigra var, henonis in Sunchon were studied to investigate biomass, net production and nutrient distribution. Five $10m{\times}10m$ quadrats were set up and 20 sample culms of 2 years and over were harvested for dimension analysis in each stand. One year old culms and subterranean parts were estimated by the harvested quadrat method. The largest mean DBH, height and basal area were shown in P. pubescens stand, and followed by P. nigra var. henonis stand and P. bambusoides stand. There was little difference in accuracy among three allometric biomass regression models of logWt=A+B1ogD, $logWt=A+BlogD^2H$ and logWt=A+BlogD+ClogH, where Wt, D and H were dry weight, DBH and height, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed that there were significant differences in intercept among the linear allometric biomass regressons of three Phyllostachys species. Biomass included subterranean parts was the largest in P. pubescens stand(103.621t/ha), and followed by P. nigra var. henonis stand(86.447t/ha) and P. bambusoides stand(36.767t/ha). Leaf biomass was 6.3% to 7.8% of total biomass in each stands. The ratio of aboveground biomass and subterranean biomass in each stand was 1.87 to 2.26. Net production included subterranean parts was the greatest in P. pubescens stand(6.115t/ha/yr), and followed by P. nigra var. henonis stand(5.609t/ha/yr) and P, bambusoides stand(3.252t/ha/yr). The highest net assimilation ratio was estimated in P. pubescens stand(2.979), and followed by P. nigra var. henonis stand(2.752) and P. bambusoides stand(2.187). Biomass accumulation ratio of each stand was 2.679 to 5.358. Concentrations of N, P and Mg were the highest in leaves, and followed by subterranean parts, and culms+branches in all three species. Concentration of Ca was the highest in leaves, and followed by culms+branches, and subterranean parts in all three species. The difference in biomass among three species stands was caused by their culm size, leaf biomass, net assimilation ratio, and efficiency of leaves to produce culms.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of delayed harvest of Miscanthus on its biomass yield and growth characteristics. The trial was conducted at a 5-year-old demonstration field, using Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 and Miscanthus ${\times}$ giganteus. Harvesting was carried out using a mower, baler, and bale picker driven by a 5-ton tractor. Harvesting dates were the $1^{st}$, $10^{th}$, and $17^{th}$ of April, which respectively corresponded with the first, mid, and last emerging dates of new shoots. The sequential changes in stem number due to delayed harvesting were investigated on April $29^{th}$, May $27^{th}$, July $22^{nd}$, and October $30^{th}$, which corresponded to the juvenile, mid, luxuriant, and senescence stem stages, respectively. Soil penetration resistance, biomass yield, and growth characteristics were investigated on October $30^{th}$. There was no difference in soil penetration resistance at a depth of 10 cm, but it increased at a depth of 20 cm in proportion to the delayed harvesting time. The sequential change in stem number due to delayed harvesting was greater in M. sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 than in M. ${\times}$ giganteus. In M. sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1, which was harvested on the last emerging date of new shoots, the stem number was $169/m^2$ in the mid stage but decreased to $70/m^2$ in the luxuriant stage. The diameter of newly developed rhizomes, stem height, and biomass yield decreased in the two Miscanthus species due to delayed harvesting. The ratio of Miscanthus headings, which is a critical characteristic for landscape use, also decreased due to delayed harvesting. Heading of M. sacchariflorus cv. Geodae 1 was not observed in plots harvested on the mid and last emerging dates of new shoots.