• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 1999

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the types of complications, the incidences of complications, and preoperative and postoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of the complication. Material and Method: Between August 1990 and August 1997 in Asan Medical Center, 42 patients(24 men and 18 women) underwent surgical resection for pulmonary aspergilloma. The mean age was 46.6${\pm}$11.5 years(range 29 to 69 years). Hemoptysis(90%) was the most common presentation. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common predisposing cause(81%). The associated diseases were bronchiectasis(n=11), active puolmonary tuberculosis(n=9), diabetes mellitus(n=8), lung carcinoid(n=1), and acute myeloblastic leukemia(n=1). Lobectomy was done in 32 cases(76%), segmentectomy or wedge resection in 4, pneumonectomy in 2, and lobectomy combined with segmentectomy in 4. Result: Operative mortality was 2%. The most common postoperative complication was persistent air leakage(n=6). The variables such as age, sex, pulmonary function test, amount and duration of hemoptysis, associated diseases(diabetes mellitus, active pulmonary tuberculosis), mode of preoperative management(steroid, antifungal agent, bronchial arterial embolization), and modes of operative procedures were statistically insignificant. The radiologic extent of infiltration to normal lung parenchyme was statistically significant(p=0.04). Conclusion: We conclude that the extent of the infiltration to normal lung parenchyme in preoperative radiologic studies should be carefully evaluated to reduce the postoperative complications in surgery for pulmonary aspergilloma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.93-103
• /
• 1997

Background : Malnutrition is a common finding in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially in the emphysema group. Although the mechanism of malnutrition is not confirmed, it is believed to be a relative deficiency caused by hypermetabolism due to increased energy requirements of the respiratory muscles, rather than a dietary deficiency. Malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not a merely coincidental finding. It is known that the nutritional status correlates with physiologic parameters including pulmonary function, muscular power, and exercise performance, and is one of the important and independent prognostic factors of the disease. Methods : Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Yongdong Severance Hospital from May, 1995 to March, 1996 and age-matched healthy control group were studied. Survey of nutritional intake, anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were done to assess nutritional status. Relationship between nutritional status and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume at one second), which was a significant functional parameter, was assessed. Results : 1) The patient group was consisted of 25 males with mean age of 66.1years and FEV1 of $42{\pm}14%$ of predicted values. The control group was consisted of 26 healthy males with normal pulmonary function, whose mean age was 65.0 years. 2) The ratio of calorie intake/calorie requirement per day was $107{\pm}28%$ in the patient group, and $94{\pm}14%$ in the control group, showing a tendency of more nutritional intake in patient group(B=0.06). 3) There were significant differences between the patient group and control group in percent ideal body weight(92.8% vs 101.6%, p=0.024), body mass index($20.0kg/m^2$ VS $21.9kg/m^2$, p=0.015), and handgrip strength(29.0kg vs 34.3kg, p=0.003). However, there were no significant differences in triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm muscle circumference, albumin, and total lymphocyte count between two groups. Percentage of underweight population was 40%(10/25) in the patient group, and 15%(4/26) in the control group. 4) The percent ideal body weight, triceps skinfold thickness, and mid-arm muscle circumference had significant correlation with FEV1. Conclusion : The patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed significant depletion in nutritional parameters such as body weight and peripheral muscle strength, while absolute amount of dietary intake was not insufficient. Nutritional parameters were well correlated with FEV1.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1999

Rainfall factor. R, and soil factor, K were estimated to use the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the amount of soil erosion from a land on slope in Kangwon-do, Korea. The average of R factor was 405 with a range from 251 to 601. The R factor differed among regions. The R factor at Taegwalryung, in the highland region, was 409 and those at Inje and Hongchon, in the mid mountainous regions, ranged from 310 to 493. The R factors at Wonju and Chuncheon, in the plain regions, ranged from 505 to 601. The R factors at Sokcho, Kangnung and Samchok, in the east coastal region, which ranged from 251 to 368, were lowee than those in the western part of the Taebaeg Mountains. The R factor during the winter including the effect of winter freezing and thawing was 12 to 30% of the annual average value in the east coastal and highland regions, while that in the western part of Taebaeg Mountains was lower than 7%. The average of K factor in the surface soil was 0.21 with a range from 0.06 to 0.42. The K factors of Odae and Weoljeong serieses were the lowest, while that of Imog was the highest. The average of K factor in the subsoil was 0.28 with a range from 0.07 to 0.45. The K factor of the subsoil was 1.3 times higher than that of top soil. The average of K factor in he soil including the effect of the gravel covering and percolation was 0.18 with a range from 0.03 to 0.33. In contrast. the K factor excluding the effect of the gravel covering was lower than this. The average of K factor in the frozen subsoil was 0.33, which was 1.6 times higher than that of the non frozen subsoil.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.12
• /
• pp.1362-1369
• /
• 2005

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the plasma level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(pro-BNP) and several known risk factors influencing outcomes after Fontan operations, and to assess whether pro-BNP levels can be used as predictive risk factors in Fontan operations. Methods : Plasma pro-BNP concentrations were measured in 35 patients with complex cardiac anomalies before catheterization. Cardiac catheterization was performed in all subjects. Mean right atrium pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure(PAP), and ventricular end-diastolic pressure(EDP) were obtained. Cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance were calculated by Fick method. Results : Plasma pro-BNP levels exhibited statistically significant positive correlations with mean PAP(r=0.70, P<0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance(r=0.57, P<0.001), RVEDP(r=0.63, P<0.001), LVEDP(r=0.74, P<0.001), and cardiothoracic ratio(r=0.71, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve using pro-BNP level to differentiate risk groups in Fontan operations was high : 0.868(95 percent CI, 0.712-1.023, P<0.01). The cutoff value of pro-BNP concentrations for the detection of risk groups in Fontan operations was determined to be 332.4 pg/mL(sensitivity 83.3 percent, specificity 82.7 percent). Conclusion : These data suggest that plasma pro-BNP levels may be used as a predictive risk factor in Fontan operations, and as a guide to determine the mode of therapy during follow-up after Fontan operations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2016

Old-growth and giant tree is a nonrenewable resource with great value. The purpose of this study is to provide scientific and reasonable evaluations for the preservation and management of the old-growth and giant tree. Until now the research of old-growth and giant tree's value evaluation and authoritative index is so insufficient and imperfection. Combining with the particularity of the old-growth and giant tree, this study analyzed the main value factors of the old-growth and giant tree and objectively selected the evaluation indicators. According to the actual situation value appraisal model of the old-growth and giant tree was builded. The main value factors can be divided into economic value, cultural history, growing place, tree state, tree form, tree vigor, protection level, growth environment, tree species, tree canopy, and so on. The evaluate indicators can be selected and the indicators' weight can be calculate using analytic hierarchy process methods(AHP). Based on economic value and indicators' weight, tree's total value can be revealed. After calculation and analysis, Gyeongju Gyerim Zelkova serrata's value evaluation results is 491,503,300 won. The research results of this study can provide scientific basis and reference to the old-growth and giant trees' value appraisal and loss compensation, and arouse people's environmental awareness.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.727-737
• /
• 2015

The study investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and lifestyle risk factors in office workers. A total of 515 office workers(336 men and 179 women) aged 30 years or older were voluntarily recruited from S-city. Along with serum vitamin D levels, lifestyle risk factors including obesity index, physical fitness, metabolic risk factors, lipids profile and sedentary behavior were measured using standardized protocols. Subjects were classified as deficiency (<20ng/mL), insufficiency (20-29ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30ng/mL) based on serum vitamin D levels. Linear contrast analysis using one-way ANOVA showed significant linear decreases in mean body fat (p=.030) and sedentary behavior (p<.001) and significant linear increases in skeletal muscle (p=.037), cardiorespiratory fitness (p<.001) and HDL-C (p=.013) across incremental serum vitamin D levels. Compared with the low cardiorespiratory fitness group, the high cardiorespiratory fitness group had a significantly higher odds ratio (men OR=2.144, p=.042, women OR=1.971, p=.045) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. Compared to the shortest sitting time group, the longest sitting time group had a significantly higher odds-ratio in a group of female office workers (OR=1.262, p=.043) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. The current findings of the study showed that poor physical fitness and sedentary behavior were the risk factors of low serum vitamin D levels, implying the urgent need for a healthy lifestyle modification along with vitamin D supplementation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.9
• /
• pp.825-837
• /
• 2004

Studies on the health problems of the elderly have been increased with increasing life expectancy of Koreans. To assess the health status of people over 50 years old including the elderly (678 free-living people: men (168), women (510)), anthropometric measurements and biochemical nutritional status were analyzed. General characteristics and the prevalences of specific diseases were also examined. The mean anthropometric values for males and females were heights of 162 cm and 149 cm, respectively; and weights of 59 kg and 52 kg, respectively, which were much lower than the Korean standards established in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances. The mean BMI, WHR (waist hip ratio), and body fat rate (%), which are obesity indices, were significantly higher in females than in males. As the age went up, height, weight, lean body mass, and mid-arm circumference decreased. Whereas, blood pressure (SBP) for women increased. Mean blood HDL-cholesterol levels of men and women were 46.0 mg/dl and 46.3 mg/dl, respectively; their triglyceride levels were 129.1 mg/d1 and 135.6 mg/dl, respectively, which were not significantly different. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in females than in males. For man there were significantly different in ${\gamma}$-GTP, Na levels by age. As the age went up for women, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, HDL-cholesterol, ${\gamma}$-GTP and $Ca^{2+}$ levels significantly decreased. Levels of total protein and albumin were above the lower normal limit for the majority of the participants. Prevalence of anemia, assessed by hemoglobin using World Health Organization (WHO) definition, was 43.9% for men and 42.1% for women. Also, many of the subjects were out of the normal range in total cholesterol (women), HDL-cholesterol, TAS (total antioxidant status), APase, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit levels. Therefore, measures to improve the biochemical nutritional status for the people in rural area are required.d.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.6 no.1 s.11
• /
• pp.75-90
• /
• 1998

In this study, as a method for management of waterquality in stream, we build a database on a environmental information such as a pollution source, a waterquality. And especially, we simulate the BOD concentration which is a index indicate the status of organic pollution in stream. Also This study purposes not only building a database on all sorts of envirnomental data, but also searching, statistic and analysis of the database. The result of this study enables us to see and understand contamination state in stream esaily, so it can help to enhance the attention. Also, we can quickly know study area and the degree of effects when water contamination occurs abruptly. And also, we can compare and know pollution source state and the pollutant load among districts. It is expected to use it as an auxiliary basis when we make a policy about pollutant load reduction, because we can know the extent of the pollution in strean by each a pollution source.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vegetation on the cutting slope applied by vegetation system in the whole land. The engineering characteristics of slopes were investigated using the face mapping and physical tests. From the statistical methods, a relationship between a geologic stratum and degree of covering was independent. Therefore, the afforestation of slope was affected more by condition of vegetation as direction and opening of joints, and a topsoil state than by conventional classification of layer. It was concluded that the adjustable vegetation on the slope considering condition of geometric shape of slope, joint data and spontaneous type could make useful early afforestation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.259-259
• /
• 2020

증발산량은 수문학적으로는 강수량으로부터 지표 유출량과 지하수 함양량을 추정하는 등 전체 물수지를 해석하는데 있어서 매우 중요하며, 농업적 측면에서는 작물의 용수 수요량을 결정하는 중요한 인자이다. 그러나 증발산량의 직접적인 계측이 쉽지 않기 때문에 물수지 방법에 의한 간접적인 추정이나 관련된 기상자료를 이용한 경험적이고 물리적인 해석을 통해 산정하고 있다. 일반적으로 특정조건의 작물(기준작물)을 기준으로 가용수분이 충분한 상태에서 주어진 기상조건에 대해 기준증발산량을 산정하며, 여기에 대상작물별 특성이나 토양의 실제수분상태 등을 고려하여 실제증발산량을 추정하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한강권역을 대상으로 현재 가장 일반적으로 활용되고 있는 Penman-Monteith 방법을 비롯하여, Thornthwaite 방법, Hamon 방법, Priestly-Taylor 방법, Hargreaves-Samani 방법, Hansen 방법 등 총 6종의 기준증발산량을 산정하여 비교하였다. 각 방법에 필요한 기상자료는 한강권역 및 인근에 위치한 기상청 관할의 33개 ASOS 지점에 대한 60년간(1960~2019년)의 관측자료를 이용하였다. Penman-Monteith 방법에 의한 값을 기준으로 나머지 5가지 방법들에 의한 결과를 분석한 결과, 전반적으로 다른 방법들이 기준증발산량을 크게 산정하는 것으로 나타났으며, temperature-based 접근법인 Hamon과 Hargreaves-Samani에 의한 연평균 값은 Penman-Monteith 방법 대비 각각 28.5%, 19.3% 정도 크게 산정되었다. 특히 Hamon 방법에 의한 결과는 다른 방법과 비교하여 여름철에 크게 차이를 보였다. 반면 Hansen 방법은 상대적으로 Penmna-Monteith 방법과 가장 적은 편차를 나타내었다. 지역별로 분석했을 때는 서울/인천지역과 강원도 동해안 지역을 제외하고는 Penman-Monteith 방법 대비 다른 방법들의 기준증발산량이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 중권역별로는 Penman-Monteith 결과와 비교하여 -158 mm/yr 에서 최대 +307 mm/yr 정도의 편차를 나타내었으며, 월별로는 -13 mm에서 +73 mm의 편차가 나타났다.