• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.111-130
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• 2002

Major purposes of this stud? are to analyze Korean firms'innovation networks and sources of knowledge for innovation and to understand their spatial dimensions. In the innovation networks, parent firms are most important for subcontracting firms, while suppliers, customers and competitors are relatively important for independent firms. However, in the future innovation networks, it is expected that government-sponsored research institutions and university wilt become more important on the one hand, networks with foreign firms will become more important on the other hand. Regarding the process of innovation, distance does not matter for the acquisition of codified knowledge. Spatial proximity is, however, critical for the acquisition of tacit knowledge because discussions and researches in a research division within a firm, personal networks of CEO and workers who are responsible for innovation activity, and inter-firm relations with suppliers and customer in a region are regarded important as sources of tacit knowledge. Overall, the innovation networks are different between the Capital Region and non-Capital Region as well as between the industrial complex and non-industrial complex, suggesting that different regional innovation strategies and policies should be established and implemented by considering such regional specificities. Finally, based on the results of this study several policy implications are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.364-381
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• 2006

Strategies for regional development has been implemented by facilitating the cultural industry since the mid 1990s. The government of Gyeongbuk attempted to establish the cluster of cultural industries and to enhance the capability of cultural industries. However, infrastructure of the industries is still weak. The most cultural industries are small-sized enterprises and are in low value-added production link in the value chain. This research examines the situation of cultural industries and then to recommend the direction of cluster of cultural industries in Gyeongbuk. The cluster of cultural industries in Gyeongbuk needs to be decentralized integration. Cultural industries in Gyeongbuk are found in dispersed regions with own cultural and industrial characteristics. The hub of cluster of cultural industries should be formulated to promote network among cultural industrial complexes in dispersed regions; thus, the hub is able to provide knowledge and information for the cultural industrial firms in Gyeongbuk. The supporting center as the hub of cluster has to input more energy to establish the on-line and off-line network among firms, and between firms and innovation agencies such as universities, cultural industrial organizations, and local governments. The cultural industrial cluster should be linked with IT cluster in Gumi and cluster of Daegu cultural industries to upgrade the value chain of cultural industries.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-117
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• 2003

Major proposes of this study are to analyze Korean Shipbuilding's production network and cooperation between related firms and to understand their spatial features. The Geographical study about networks has focused on automobiles, electronics or communications industries. That's because those industries have distinctive spatial features thanks to the full growth of subcontract structures. The labor-centered, capital-centered shipbuilding industry, differently from other manufacturing industries, has production networks where outside trades are common. Today internet based communication is being reinforced and the flexibility of purchase circumstances is being positively proceeded. The central axes of the production network of Sumsung shipbuilding are internationally Europe and Asian area, nationally Busan and Gyeongnam province and Seoul Metropolitan areas, locally inside subcontracting firms. And In order to construct mutual trust with cooperation firms, Sumsung shipbuilding is trying to reinforce two-way cooperation relation through 'SungJoHoi' organized with outside subcontracting firms and 'inside cooperation firms conference'. In conclusion, Sumsung shipbuilding is trying to strengthen the competitiveness of shipbuilding industry, spatially by setting up the network through globalization-localization and functionally by constructing the partnership production network for mutual communication.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.195-215
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• 2005

This study was carried into execution to analyze Spatial Characteristics of Seoul Business Services Cluster in circumstance of local economic development led by knowledge-intensive business services. The analysis was performed for industrial agglomeration and companies' linkage and network. As the result, there are three business services cluster, including the largest one in Gang-Nam Gu, Seoul, and for last 10 years, there has been increasing development of business services cluster. In the meanwhile, their linkage and network have not been performed briskly. Therefore, from now on, a plan that can help companies' linkage and network performed inside of cluster to have active and international structure has to be considered in cluster policy.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.226-244
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• 2012

This paper aims to analyze the process of the evolution of Gumi electronics industrial cluster and to understand the role of governments for local industrial dynamics. Gumi was a typical satellite platform type new industrial district up to mid-1990s. At that time, Gumi industrial park was the agglomeration of branch plants headquartered in Capital Region with weak local linkages. During the last two decades, however, Gumi has evolved to an electronics industrial cluster with considerable local interfirm linkages and innovation activities of SMEs. Recognizing government industrial policies is critical in understanding the process of the evolution of Gumi electronics cluster. At the early stage, the state was the developer and locator of business activities within the confines of the Gumi industrial park. In recent years, central government's innovative cluster policy contributed to strengthening networks among firms, universities, and research centers to form local innovation networks as well as networks between large branch plants and SMEs. Gumi city and Gyungsangbuk-do promoted innovative activities of SMEs through the supports of cooperative networks between universities and SMEs. The increasing roles of SMEs and local governments in addition to the large branch plants and the central government have become the basis of the evolution of industrial cluster in Gumi.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.141-167
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라보다 앞서 실시하고 있는 일본의 산업 클러스터 계획 프로젝트의 거시적인 현황과 가장 성공적이라고 하는 TAMA클러스터의 사례를 분석하여 향후 우리나라 클러스터 정책 시행에 필요한 시사점을 얻는데 있다. 특히 TAMA클러스터의 성공은 이를 직접 관리하고 있는 민간차원의 중개조직인 TAMA산업활성화협회의 운영전략을 집중적으로 분석하여 봄으로써 도입 가능성에 대한 진단과 정책적 제안을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 일본의 19개 지역별 산업 클러스터 계획의 공통점은 어느 것도 도도부현의 영역을 초월한 광역적인 클러스터를 형성하고 있다. 광역단위의 집적은 상대적으로 클러스터 계획에 대한 중요성과 실행주체를 망각하기 쉬워 실패할 가능성이 비교적 높을 수 있다 이러한 점을 극복하기 위한 대안으로 산학연의 3주체 간 연계를 주로 담당하는 민간중심의 중개조직을 두어 운영하고 있다. 둘째, 클러스터 정책기간은 시작에서 자립까지 20년을 상정하고, 제1기 5년간은 산업 클러스터 네트워크 구축기, 제2기 5년은 산업 클러스터 성장기 그리고 마지막 제3기 10년은 산업 클러스터의 자율적 발전기로서 책정되어 수행하는 것이 바람직하다고 보고 있다. 셋째, 개별적인 산업 클러스터의 비전, 목표, 중장기 전략의 올바른 수립이 필요한데 백화점식이 아닌 대상산업 및 대상 주체에 대한 선택과 집중의 전략성이 엿보인다. 넷째, 정책 대상의 범위는 연구개발에서 판매에 이르기까지 전 비즈니스 프로세스를 대상으로 하고 있으며 클러스터 관련 정책수행 주체들의 정책조율, 중복 투자의 회피 그리고 효과적인 정책을 시행하기 위하여 수평적인 연락망과 협의체를 구성하고 있다. 다섯째, TAMA협회는 전통적인 동종 산업중심의 협회 기능과는 달리 제품개발형 중소$\cdot$중견기업을 대상으로 신기술개발과 신사업 전개를 위한 전략적 지원을 하고 있다. 비교적 개별적인 기술개발 능력은 물론 독자적인 마케팅 능력을 갖고 있어 일반적인 보호 대상자로서의 중소기업과는 차원이 다르며 기존의 하청관계라는 수직적 의존적인 존재가 아니라 세계적으로 니치 시장에서 경쟁력을 가지고 있는 대기업과 대등한 입장의 우량기업이라는 것이 특징이다. 여섯째, 지금까지는 기업을 지원하는 각 기관들이 각각 독자적으로 운영하여 경영자원의 분산과 이용으로 수혜자인 중견$\cdot$중소기업의 입장은 물론 지방자치단체 및 중앙정부의 차원에서 분석하여 볼 경우 경영자원의 Critical Mass를 확보하기 어려웠다. TAMA협회는 네트워크 조직으로서 주로 소프트적인 지원을 통하여 원활하게 수행하고 있음. 정보와 네트워크만을 가지고 조직간 관계를 중개하는 가벼운 네트워크 조직으로서 운영하는 방법은 한국의 경우에도 적용이 가능하며 매우 유용하다고 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.298-309
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• 2012

This paper studies the characteristics of the network of the Zhongguancun Cluster, the most representative innovative cluster of the high-tech industry in China at present. For this study, Zhongguancun Cluster was the first high-tech cluster created in China in 1988, the current Zhongguancun Cluster plays a leading role in the development of the high-tech industry in China. In addition, the Zhongguancun Cluster has attracted global attention and helped elevate China as a key region in terms of research development in relation to the high-tech industry. With regard to the spatial characteristics of the network belonging to the companies in Zhongguancun Cluster, purchase and producer services and information and R&D network have a strong tendency to be local, while on the other hand the product sales network has a strong tendency to be non-local. It is because the political support supplied by the government, institutional base that provides high-tech companies, producer services and information regarding producer services is relatively well prepared and managed in Zhongguancun Cluster. The spatial characteristics of the R&D network have a very strong local character is due to the location of the Zhongguancun Cluster where companies, universities and research centers with outstanding research development capacity as well as various support organizations for technology innovation within the cluster are included. On the other hand, because the high-tech products produced in this area are sold all across China as well as in foreign countries, the product sales network has a strong non-local character. Strengthening the local network in terms of the main agents of the cluster is the most important aspect in order to develop a certain industrial cluster into an innovative cluster. In this respect, if the Zhongguancun Cluster is seen from the perspective of a network, it has a basic network foundation. However, to strengthen international competitiveness, not only the local network but also the international network should be strengthened.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.601-622
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the value chain reorganization of cultural contents industry cluster in Daegu city and its impact on the regional economy. To achieve this goal, this research examined the change of value added structure, institutional milieu and networks among regional innovators and their effect on value chain reorganization of cluster. The result shows that the scope of the value chain generating value added have been extended and the networks among regional innovators have been increased. Such value chain reorganization has a positive effect on the regional economy. In the context of public policy, however, the focus of industrial policies needs to generate cultural and institutional specificities in a given region and to strength Triple helix innovation system.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.554-567
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• 2011

As creative city is increasingly considered as a paradigm of urban development, it was explored that some of major concepts consisting of creative city such as creativity, creative class and creative industry have an implication. Those concepts reveal a diverse meaning rather than universal one in the application depending on regions and countries across the world. This study tried to grasp the meaning of creative city in the northern region of Gyeongbook where the concept itself was not apparently distinctive. The result is that the inherent meaning of creative city was expanded to culture and athletic fields, though it was originated from taking advantage of nature, agricultural products in the region, and cultural and historical based tourism. On the other hand, the role of regional authority was examined to explore how the concept of creative city is realized in practice. There are some differences among the local authorities in the aspect of leadership. network system within the region, and social network with outside.

• The Journal of Aerospace Industry
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• s.65
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• pp.27-46
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• 2003

본 연구는 중국의 WTO 가입 이후 시장규모 확대에 따라 동북아지역 국가들이 자국의 역할 선점과 경쟁력 확보를 위해 취하고 있는 항공화물운송부문의 시설운영과 전략추진 방향을 살펴봄으로써 우리나라의 항공 화물 운송 산업이 보다 경쟁력 있는 산업으로 역할과 제 기능을 다 할 수 있도록 하는데 목적이 있다. 장래 동북아지역 한 · 중 · 일 3국간 항공화물운송부문의 경쟁은 치열할 것으로 예상되는 반면, 국가 간 협력체제 구축도 필요한 시점이다. 지난 몇 년 동안 3국간은 협력체제 구축을 논의했지만, 가시적인 성과가 없는 현 시점에서 보면 보다 전향적인 발상을 기반으로 하는 접근방식이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 역내운송의 완전 자유화 특히, 항공화물운송 자유화나 공항 운영 주체들 간 지역 내 제휴를 검토해 볼 필요가 있다. 이와 함께 중국, 일본 등의 공항과 항공화물 운송정보 공유, 기술개발과 표준화, 인적교류, 항공사 유치의 공동노력 등과 같은 제휴를 통해 역내 공항 네트워크를 구축하기 위한 방안은 반드시 협의되고, 추진될 필요가 있는 사안이다. 우리 내부적으로는 21세기를 대비한 보다 구체적이고 실천적인 항공화물운송부문의 ‘master plan' 수립과 함께 항공화물운송 주체인 항공사, 화주, 포워더 등 이용자 중심의 비용절감 방안과 항공화물 기반시설의 차질 없는 추진, 항공화물 정보화 등 편리하고 저렴한 운송체계와 처리절차를 수립이 요구된다.