• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.629-650
• /
• 2013

This study reviews geographical research trends on 'New industrial agglomeration' in Korea and recommends research issues for further studies. Recent studies on industrial agglomeration region have typically concentrated on empirical case studies from new 'perspectives'. As a result, the establishment and theorizing of frameworks for analysis on industrial agglomeration have been given too little attention. To solve this problem research should be conducted to develop frameworks for analysis integrating noneconomic factors and existing economic factors, a strategy emphasized in new industrial agglomeration theory. By doing so, research investigating viability mechanism and generalization will be invigorated. Meanwhile, research focused excessively on social and cultural conditions of region-related networks between actors in economic space at specific scales should be excluded. In addition, academic research on vitalizing industrial agglomeration region, such as cluster policy, should be strengthened. In order to conduct these research objectives effectively, it is necessary to vitalize overall understanding among researchers of industrial agglomeration and provide a place for collaborative learning.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.291-333
• /
• 2019

The regional innovation policies so far have been separated from the social problems facing the local communities. The regional innovation policies, regarding the region as the location of the business, have focused on the invigoration of business innovation activities. However, as the recent emergence of the new paradigm of innovation policy aiming the sustainability, 'transformative innovation policy,' has led to a search for regional innovation policies that begin with solving the local social problems. This research paper deals with regional innovation theory that starts from searching for solutions and system transformation for social problems such as climate crisis and energy problems. The objective is to present a new framework called 'transformative regional innovation policy' and to improve its content through case studies by combining the results of the transformative innovation policy and the regional innovation policy studies. In particular, the contribution of this paper is to analyze and discuss the concept of the transition platform, which aims to solve the local social problems, through the case studies of Gussing, Austria and Esbjerg, Denmark. Lastly, it discusses the derived implications of the cases applied in Korean society.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.207-264
• /
• 1993

항공사의 외국인 소유는 이것으로 인하여 전체 항공운송 시스템이 변화될 수 있는 핵심적인 개념이다. 작금 항공운송산업을 둘러싼 환경은 급격하게 변화하고 있어서 많은 국가들이 항공사의 외국인 소유와 관련한 기존의 법제나 정책변경을 심각하게 고려하기 시작하였다. 항공기 및 항공사의 국적과 관련한 전통적인 개념은 양자사이에 '진정한' 또는 '효파적인' 관계가 있어야 한다는 것이다. 특별히 항공사의 '실질적인 및 효과적인 통제'조항은 양자 및 다자간 항공운송 협정에서 가장 핵심적인 역할을 해오고 있다. 그러나 변화의 바람이 거세게 일고 있다. 항공운송산업에서 이러한 변화는 미국에서 시작되고 미국의 국제항공관계에 적용되고 있는 규제완화에서 비롯되었다. 미국의 규제완화정책은 합병 및 흡수를 통한 항공사의 집중이라는 결과를 가져와서 항공운송 시장은 궁극적으로 소수의 거대 항공사에 의해 지배될 것이라는 우려를 낳고 있다. 이러한 새로운 추세에 대응하여 많은 국가틀이 다양한 형태의 지역협력체를 형성하고 있다. (예, EC, 아세안, 안데안 그룹, 야마스크로 선언 등) 또한 다수 국가들은 정치.경제적인 이웃에서 정부의 소유주식을 외국인 및 외국회사를 포함한 민간부문에 매각함으로써 사유.사영화를 추진하고 있다. 한편 제조업 분야에서 다국적기업 (IBM, 코카콜라 등)은 별 어력움이 없이 성립될 수 있다. GATT의 주관하에 열리고 있는 우루과이 협상에 참여하고 있는 국가들은 최혜국 대우, 내국인 대우, 시장접근 같은 상품교역의 개념및 원리를 항공운송서비스를 포함한 서비스교역에 적용하는데 기본적으로 합의하였다. 급격히 변화하는 환경에서 항공운송 산업만이 국가의 영공 주권, 항공사의 공익기업 개념, 상업적 이익의 균형교환 같은 자기류의 논리에 집착하여 언제까지나 홀로 고립될 수는 없을 것이다. 더구나 세계 항공운송 산업은 1980년 후반부터 큰 시련에 직면해 있다. 몇몇을 제외한 대부분의 항공사는 세계경제의 불황속에서 초과공급 및 운임전쟁으로 인한 엄청난 적자를 기록하고 있다. 모든점을 미루어볼 때 세계의 항공사들은 과거 어느 때보다도 외국인 투자를 필요로 하고 있으며 항공사가 속해 있는 정부는 외국인 소유에 관한 법제를 개정하고 나아가 전체 항공운송시스템을 개편하도록 압력을 받고 있다. 많은 국가에서 외국인 소유에 관한 법규의 개정은 현존 항공운송 시스템에 다각적인 영향을 가져올 것이다. 다시말하면 양자협상, 반독점및 경쟁볍규의 적용, 고용 및 카보타지등을 포함한 제반분야가 영향을 받을 것이다. 결국 외국인 소유에 관한 법제의 완화는 항공사의 세계화 또는 다국적화의 과정을 촉진시킬 것이고, 항공사간 다양한 형태의 제휴가 이러한 방향에서 계속될 것이다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.110-123
• /
• 2020

The advanced industrial economies have been suffering from rapid de-industrialization since the 1970s. In order to overcome such crisis, many countries have attempted to establish science parks and technopoles. Sophia Antipolis in France is one of the best examples of the worldly known technopoles, which was launched in the late 1960s. However, earlier evaluations on the technopole were not positive, while there were no dynamic innovative activities among institutions and firms of the technopole at least up to the early 1990s. While some changes in such circumstance have been observed since then, this paper attempts to investigate the changes and transformations occurring from the technopole since the late 1990s. Based on the review of the recent publications, statistics and expert interviews, the current paper concludes that Sophia Antipolis has been transformed into a dynamic and innovative technopole.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.130-147
• /
• 2008

Spanish missionaries started to grow vine grapes and make wines in California 230 years ago. Earlier pioneers of the land started to do the same works for commercial purposes 130 years ago. Now California became one of the most important wine making places of the world. The quality of California wines in fact have been acknowledged as the best in the world by being ranked on the top in international wine tasting competition, such as Paris Tasting. A large wine cluster, consisted of grape growing, wine making, wine tours, and research and education, has been created in the area centered by Napa and Sonoma, California. In this context, this paper examines the process of formulating the cluster, factors contributing the success, articulates core actors, and draws policy and theoretical implications. It concludes that innovative actors, such as winery founders, local universities, and business organizations, have played key roles in establishing the California wine cluster.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.45
• /
• pp.147-175
• /
• 2016

This thesis aims to research ways for the regional balanced development of cartoon creation & production environment being centered in metropolitan area in Korean cartoon industry which has rapidly changed since 2013. As a cartoon can not only be produced with relative lower production cost comparing to those of other cultural contents industries, but also can be produced only if the minimal requirements for cartoon production is prepared, so the cartoon is a field that the decentralization can be accomplished very easily. Currently, most cartoon-relevant companies and cartoon promotion institutions are located in Seoul an Bucheon, etc. However, cartoon artists live nationwide, and even cartoon artists producing their works abroad are reached to a significant number. In some regions like Daejeon, Busan, Suncheon and Gyeongbuk (Gyeongsangbuk-do), there have been appeared full-scale movement to construct regional cartoon creation & production centers since 2015. This thesis aimed to investigate each region's movement to construct cartoon creation & production center with oversea cases, and to check how such movement could be balanced and harmonized with each region's unique features. First of all, this thesis analyzed the status quo of government's policy nurturing the cartoon industry. Korean government's cartoon-promotion policy around the axis of the Cartoon Industry's Mid.Long-Term Development Plan has been developed around the Korea Creative Content Agency and the Korea Manwha(cartoon) Contents Agency in Bucheon, but as the webtoon industry has rapidly grown up, the necessity for building a cartoon promotion institution in each region has been raised since 2015. With the establishment of 4th Cartoon Industry Mid.Long-Term Development Plan to be executed from 2019, it seems that full-scaled support framework for cartoon regional balanced development should be occupied. For the case of foreign countries, cartoon promotion institutions and relevant events have been developed around regions from early times like San-Diego, USA(Comicon), Angouleme, France(National Image Center), Kyoto (Cartoon Museum), Sakaiminato(Misuki Sigeru Road), Japan gave a lot of implications. In the section of conclusion, this study aimed to suggest the importance of and necessity for establishing a cartoon creation & production center in each region appropriately for the region's identity and characteristics with specific plans. Based on that, this thesis aimed to suggest a vision for cartoon & webtoon industry that regional creation & production system can be settled almost only in the cultural contents industry.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.273-296
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the formation and characteristics of Gwangju photonics agglomeration as a new agglomeration with a new industry. Data used in this study are locally investigatedfirm related data and the result of questionnaire surveys. Major findings are as follows. First, in the viewpoint of policy, national government suggested the whole policy frameworks and financial support for the strategic industrial development. Regional government picked up and fostered the strategic industry. The initial support of the national government and role of regional government triggered the initial development of the agglomeration. Second, in the spatial perspective, Gwangju photonics agglomeration is based on the externalities of knowledge and technology as well as the input-output network within value chains of production. There is a possibility that Gwangju photonics agglomeration will be developed as an innovation cluster of knowledge-based economy in the future beyond a mere production base of photonics.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.461-480
• /
• 2003

This paper is to consider the new urbanization process of Daegu in the 1990s, especially with its economy, politics, social culture, environment and space. In the economic aspect, the industrial structure of Daegu has shifted from the manufacturing- centered economy to the service economy. But it has not yet overcome the linear frame of industrial structure still relying on the textile industry, though the degree of industrial specialization has increased in the part of the fabricated metal products and the precision and optical instrument. In the political situation that the implementation of the local self-government has made the relation between localities more competitive, the local government of Daegu has led a boom for boosting the regional economic growth, organizing private-public-research relations to improve the weakening regional investment and production function. In the social and cultural aspect of the new urbanization, the investment into the soft-ware facilities has been increased, and the urban festivals have been changed so as to revitalize the regional economy. In the environmental aspect, as the self-government system has launched, conflicts around values and interests of local governments have revealed frequently due to locations of infra-structures and of abhorrence facilities. Finally, seen from the spatial dimension of the city, the extension of residential areas and unregulated use of urban space have a result of inefficience of land-use, and this kind of unplanned outer expansion of the city has brought about with further separation of house and working place, and increasing distance of movements and the an urban spatial structure which requires more energy consumption.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.37 no.3 s.72
• /
• pp.131-155
• /
• 2006

연안관광여행과 레크레이션은 일반적으로 스노클링, 다이빙, 레포츠피싱, 해변방문, 보우팅, 크루져 등의 연안근처에서 이루어지는 모든 레크레이션 활동을 포함한다. 2000년에 바다와 관련된 산업은 미국에 1,170억 달러를 기여했고, 200만개의 직업을 창출하였다. 그 중 직업의 75%와 경제적 가치의 50%는 해양관련 관광과 레크레이션에 의해 생산되었으므로 연안관광과 레크레이션은 미국경제에서 커다란 부분을 차지하고 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 미국에서 연안관광과 레크레이션이 가지는 중요성에 대하여 설명하고 이에 따른 연안관광여행에 대해 현재 사용 및 적용되고 있는 미국의 정책구조를 정리하고, 이와 관련된 기관들과 그 역할에 대하여 분석하였다. 또한 연안 레크리에이션 관리가 미국내의 연방, 주, 지역정부차원에서 어떠한 방식으로 이루어지는지에 대하여 분석하였다. 레크리에이션 자원 관리의 개념으로부터의 연방 및 주의 연안 프로그램의 문제점 및 상황과 관광 여행 개발을 위해 사유지 부분 접근문제해결에 대하여 연방 및 지방 정부의 대응방법을 분석함으로써 미래 연안관광자원의 이용을 위한 이론적 기본틀을 제시하고 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.350-358
• /
• 2009

As open skies polices have permeated all over the world, Korea's basic direction of aviation policy is promoting the benefit of the public and the national carriers' competitive power by establishing open skies agreements between the countries. The open skies' directions should be promoted by considering the relationships of various attributes such as governments, airlines, and passengers. To decide the right directions of open skies, we should investigate the economic effects of open skies policies. This research develops a simulation model to analyze the dynamic characteristics of open skies. By using the developed model, this research analyzes the economic effects of open skies. The results showed that open skies have direct impacts on not only frequencies, airfare, consumer welfare but also air transport industry and regional economy. Therefore, it is necessary to take suitable aviation policy that can increase the effects of open skies.