• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.19
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• pp.145-163
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• 2005

What is Buddhism for? Is the enlightenment the only valid goal of the Buddhist practice? In answering to such questions, this article attempts to challenge the traditional Buddhist notion on the enlightenment, which has been believed to be the utmost and unquestionable, the final goal of Buddhist practice. This article argues that the enlightenment as the final goal of Buddhist practice resulted from religious atmosphere of the ancient India, where the society was bifurcated with the lay and monks. Moreover, nirvana, the final enlightenment with no-more-rebirth, was not the goal of all the Buddhists, but the goal of a few, religious elites. In modern society, where the role of lay people becomes more and more important the Buddhist goal for the enlightenment needs to be reevaluated and to change, from the enlightenment to happiness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1649-1659
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• 2002

It is anticipated that, in the 21st century, aesthetic sense will be altered radically with the introduction of new value systems and ethical standards. At the beginning of the 21st century, new aesthetic senses and identities have already emerged and exerted influence to the society, arts and fashion trends. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aesthetic characteristic of the transitional period of the 21st century. This study employed the qualitative analysis and the main aesthetic characteristics of the 21st transitional period were found as hybrid, technicism, neo-retro, new naturalism, and multi-nationalism. The transitional fashion in the 21s1 century mirrors the post-modern trends with diversity and indeterminacy as the basis of changes. It is expected that this pattern will continue to extend persistent and dominant influence to the future fashion industry. In the subsequent study, quantitative analysis wi]1 be conducted to verify the aesthetic characteristics analyzed in this study.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.123
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• pp.61-89
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the reception of Cynicism by Julian, the emperor and Neoplatonist of the late Roman Empire. Julian attempts to restore true Cynicism, while chiding decadent contemporary Cynics. To this end, he idealizes Diogenes as an example of the true Cynic. The main attention is paid to the way in which Julian idealizes Diogenes. First, we introduce the basic features of Cynicism with a focus on the figure of Diogenes. Although Diogenes inherited the ethics of happiness from Socrates and presented the Cynic practices encapsulating - freedom from social customs, self-sufficiency as opposed to vanity and greed, and asceticism - as a shortcut to happiness, he was called a 'Socrates gone mad', owing to his unconventional and shameless words and deeds. Compared to this Diogenes, we try to discern the characteristics of the true Cynic described by Julian. The true Cynic for Julian is a rigorous ascetic like Diogenes, but a Diogenes knowing shame (aidos). He is an intelligent examiner of the opinion of the people like Socrates. However, he is a free man not enslaved to a particular state, but a pious philosopher who defends the divine moral law of the cosmopolis. In the end, it is shown that Julian embraces Cynicism in so far as it can be integrated into Socrates' rationalist moral tradition. We conclude with a brief reflection on the significance of Julian's reception of Cynicism from the perspective of his attempt to unify ancient philosophical traditions in order to protect Hellenism against Christianity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.559-561
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• 2012

본 연구는 VTS 업무 현장에서 발생할 수 있는 여러 딜레마적 상황에 대한 실제 예를 통해, 그 당시 실제 대처했던 방안에 대해 설명 후, 그 상황에서 가장 최선의 선택과 판단이 무엇인지에 대해 논의하였다. 더 나아가 '마이클 센델' 교수의 저서 '정의란 무엇인가?'의 내용을 기초로 하여, VTS 업무에서의 정의가 무엇인지에 대한 근본적인 질문을 고찰하여 보았다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.238-240
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• 2004

현재 우리나라에서 사용 중인 신호시스템은 지상신호 방식인 자동폐색장치(ABS)를 사용한다 이는 선로를 패색구간으로 배분한 후, 각각의 패색 구간에 설치된 신호기에 의해 열차의 이동을 실행한다 이러한 신호체계에 문제점이 발생할 경우, 기관사에게 주의를 환기시켜 강제적으로 열차를 정지시키는 역할을 하는 자동열차정지장치(ATS)가 1969년부터 도입, 사용 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 ATS 시스템의 고속, 고밀도 운전 적용 가능성 및 차상신호방식 사용시의 ATS 적용 가능성에 대해 분석한다.

• 주택과사람들
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• s.155
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• pp.20-21
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• 2003

오는 7월부터 ''도시 및 주거환경 정비법''이 시행되면 공동주택 시장은 크게 변할 것으로예상된다. 이 법은 그 동안 개발지상주의가 팽배해 있던 공동주택 시장을 성장관리 체제로 전환해 관리하겠다는 의도에서 출발했다. 이 법이 시행되면 향후 재건축사업은 도시계획 차원에서 관리가 가능해지고, 그 동안 수많은 사업추진 과정에서 나타난 비리와 잡음이 차단되는 등 운영관리 측면에서 긍정적인 변화를 기대할 수 있게 된다. 하지만 이러한 내부적인 변화에도 불구하고 도시 및 주거환경 정비법의 도입은 공동주택 시장에 여러 가지 문제점을 노출할 우려가 높다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.40
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• pp.105-135
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• 2007

Since now, the study of wooden pagodas in ancient Korea have been proceeded to the site plan, the devices and the goods of sarari containers and the reconstruction. They are based on the result of archaeological excavations and the historical material documents. But the study of the foundations of wooden pagodas have been unsatisfactory. In this paper, the investigations of the wooden pagodas in the Three Kingdoms are proceeded. Through this action, we have checked the method of the foundations, the type and installation of Simchoseok(central base stone) and the erection of Simju(central base pillar). In the result of this study, three types were in the method of the foundations-the construction of the upper on the surface of the earth, the construction of the upper and lower on the surface of the earth. And we know the types of the installation of Simchoseok were the underground-type central base stone and the ground-type central base stoned. The factors of the central base pillars were changed with the rising of central base stones from the lower on the surface of the earth to the surface of the foundation. This change was needed to construct the larger wooden pagodas than the ones of the past. In especially, the large wooden pagodas with the ground-type central base stoned were appeared in the king of Baekje, Muwang(A.D. 600~640). We assume that the method of the construction of larger wooden pagodas like that was forwarded to Silla and Japan.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.276-281
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the appropriate transplanting time for growing one year old rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Transplanting on March 20 and April 5 showed the highest in plant height and shoot fresh weight but dry rhizome weight was the highest in the transplanting time of April 5. As the growth time of 209 days showed was the highest yield of dry rhizome. As a result, it seemed that the appropriate planting time was April 5 to 10 in the north area of the Kyongsangbuk-do. The shortest emergence time was that the accumulated temperature of early growth period was 267$^{\circ}C$, and that of highest dry rhizome yield was 3$600^{\circ}C$ for whole growth period.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2002

This study was carried out to estimate aboveground biomass and net primary production in an average 37-year-old Quercus acutissima stand of Pohang area. Ten sample trees were cut in the forest and soil samples were collected in August, 2001. Estimation for aboveground biomass and net primary production was made by the equation model Wt=$aD^b$ where Wt is ovendry weight in kg and D is DBH in cm. Total aboveground biomass was 115.47ton/ha in the study forest. The proportion of each tree component to total aboveground biomass was high in order of bolewood(63.9%), branches(19.8%), bolebark(16.2%) and leaves(1.2%) in the study forest. Aboveground total net primary production was estimated at 7.89ton/ha in the study area. The proportion of each tree component to total net primary production was high in order of bolewood, bolebark, branch, and leaves.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the appropriate fertilization level for growing one year old rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala KOIDZ. According to N and K amounts were increased, the growth of above-ground parts was decreased but P was increased at this time. Based on N-P-K levels, application of 8-9-3 kg/10a was the most effectiveness for the growth of above-ground part, and 8-3-3 kg/10a for that of underground part. It can be estimated that 6-4-6 kg/10a treatment based on N-P-K may be the optimum fertilization level to obtain the highest yield of Atractylodes macrocephala KOIDZ using one year old rhizome.