• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.736-751
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• 2008

Although a growing number of studies have commonly used a simple areal weighting interpolation method to quantify demographic characteristics of impacted areas in environmental equity analysis, the results obtained are inevitably imprecise because of the method's unrealistic assumption that population is evenly distributed within a census enumeration unit. Two alternative areal interpolation methods such as intelligent areal weighting and regression methods can account for the distributional biases in the estimation of impacted populations by making use of additional information about the geographic distribution of population. This research explores five areal interpolation methods for estimating the population characteristics of impacted areas in environmental equity analysis and evaluates the sensitivity of the outcomes of environmental equity analysis to areal interpolation methods. This study used GIS techniques to allow areal interpolation to be informed by the distribution of land cover types, as inferred from a satellite image. in both the source and target units. Independent samples t-test statistics were measured to verify the environmental equity hypothesis while coefficients of variation were calculated to compare the relative variability and consistency in the socioeconomic characteristics of populations at risk over different areal interpolation methods. Results show that the outcomes of environmental equity analysis in the study area are not sensitive to the areal interpolation methods used in estimating affected populations, but the population estimates within the impacted areas are largely variable as different areal interpolation methods are used. This implies that the use of different areal interpolation methods may to some degree alter the statistical results of environmental equity analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.4 s.161
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• pp.209-213
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• 2005

In order to provide the molecular genetic information necessary for conservation of bog whortleberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L), one of the rare species in Korea, I-SSR analysis was performed on two populations on Mt. Halla and Mt. Seorak. A total of 68 I-SSR products were observed, and higher level of genetic diversity was observed in Mt. Halla population (S.I.=0.539) than in the Mt. Seorak population (S.I,=0.401). Level of genetic diversity in this species was relatively higher than those in other rare species analysed with I-SSR marker. From the results of AMOVA, exceptionally large proportion of genetic diversity (33.5%) was resulted from genetic difference between two populations, and only 66.5% of the genetic variation was allocated in common among individuals within each population, compared with the results in other long-lived woody species. This remarkably high degree of genetic heterogeneity existed between Mt. Halla and Mt. Seorak populations might suggest that they might be originated from the independent progenitors before the post glacier ages, respectively, and/or that they undergone random genetic drift respectively due to geographical isolation resulted from dramatic changes in environmental conditions after the post glacier ages.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the climatic factors affecting bud phenology of Pinus densiflora provenances. Data were collected from Jungseon, Chungju and Jeju plantations which were parts of the 11 provenance trials established by Korea Forest Research Institute in 1996. The 36 provenances were included in this trial ($33^{\circ}30^{\prime}{\sim}38^{\circ}08^{\prime}$ in latitude and $126^{\circ}30^{\prime}{\sim}129^{\circ}20^{\prime}$ in longitude). The bud swelling date and bud burst date of the provenances were investigated from March to May in 2004 in two-day interval. The four geographic factors and fifteen climatic factors of the test sites and provenances were considered in this study. Canonical correlation analysis was conducted to examine the major factors affecting the bud phenology. Our results suggested that the major factors affecting the timing of bud swelling and burst are the differences in latitude, longitude, extremely low temperature (during December-February), extremely high temperature (during November-February) and annual mean growing days between test plantation and provenance. The provenances with lower winter temperature than that of plantation showed the faster bud swelling and bud burst. Based on these results, the implication on the seed transfer of P. densiflora was discussed.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.567-584
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• 2013

This study aims to explore an evolutionary path of the IT service industry in Fairfax County using the Cluster Adaptive Cycle model in economic geography. The analysis is based on detailed historical and industrial information obtained through a variety of data sources including local archival materials, economic census, and interviews. This study also performs a shift-share analysis during the period of 1990 to 2011. Using the adaptive cycle model, the local IT service industry is indicated by a trajectory of constant cluster mutation. The evolution of the local IT service industry has been closely related to federal government policy due to the regional specificity of the National Capital Region and the proximity of the Department of Defense. Although the economic downturn of the late 2000s, the local IT service industry has been notable resilience and adapted to a changing market and technological environment. This constant mutation of the local industry is resulted from not only high resilience which is based on the large government procurement market, the reinforcement of adaptive capacity of the local firms and the network of economic agents such as firm and supporting institutions, but also high flexibility of the knowledge-based service industry to a changing business environment.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.55-74
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• 2021

The role of container ports contributes greatly to international trade and national or regional economic development by supporting maritime transportation and occupies a central position in the supply chain connecting sea and land. The performance(traffic volume) of a port generally depends on geographic, economic, and operational factors etc. For the past several decades, container port volumes have grown with fluctuation. This study amis to analyze how global ports have undergone changes in terms of cargo volume by region, size and period. For the analysis, only the volumes of global top 100 ports were used. Shift-share analysis and BCG matrix analysis were employed as methodologies. According to the result of the analysis, the relative volatility of port traffic over the past 16 years as a whole was found to be limited. On the other hand, ports in China and Southeast and Southwest Asia, which are economically growing for the last decades, showed growing trends, while ports in Northeast Asia and Europe appeared to be in a stagnant or declining phase. It also shows that most of the global ports maintain limited changes in cargo volume because they are already positioned as central ports in the region. In addition, it can be seen that the global port volume has a close relationship with the change in the economic capability of the relevant region or country.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.300-310
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• 2006

Genomic DNA isolated from three geographical gizzard-shad (Konosirus punctatus) populations in Seocheon (SC), Busan (BS) and Gochang (GC) collected in the West Sea and the southern sea, respectively, off the Korean Peninsula, were PCR-amplified repeatedly. Eight selected decamer and 20-mer primers generated a total of 713 loci in the SC population, 791 in the BS population, and 732 in the GC population, with a DNA fragment size ranging from 100 bp to 2,800 bp. We identified 50 unique loci for the SC population, 70 unique loci for the BS population and 130 for the GC population: 120 shared loci for the three populations. There were 108 specific loci (15.1%) for the SC population, 74 (9.4%) for the BS population, and 67 (9.2%) for the GC population. Eight primers also generated 48 polymorphic loci (6.7%) for the SC population, 26 (3.3%) for the BS population, and 16 (2.2%) for the GC population. The similarity matrix ranged from 0.756 to 0.936 for the SC population, from 0.800 to 0.938 for the BS population, and from 0.731 to 0.959 for the GC population. The dendrogram obtained by the eight primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (SEOCHEON 01~SEOCHEON 10), cluster 2 (BUSAN 11~BUSAN 20 and GOCHANG 23~GOCHANG 24), and cluster 3 (GOCHANG 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30). As stated above, some individuals of the GC population appear to belong in BS population. When seeing this result, it was thought with the fact that some individuals of 2 populations seem to come and go partially. Thus, RAPD-PCR analysis revealed a significant genetic distance between the three geographical gizzard-shad populations. Using various decamer and 20-mer primers, RAPD-PCR may be applied to identify specific/polymorphic markers that are particular to a species and geographic population, and to define genetic diversity, polymorphisms, and similarities among geographical gizzard-shad populations.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.808-834
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• 2007

This study attempts to elucidate manifold dimensions of gendered accessibility experiences. How gender roles(household responsibilities) differentiate accessibility experiences between women and men is explored through the comparison of married dual-earner couples' parental status, using the US Portland activity-travel diary dataset with GIS-based geocomputation results of(time-geography based) space-time accessibility. First, this study shows how gender division of labor within the household still permeates current society, despite the widespread belief of the social change toward a gender-egalitarian society. Then, the study pays special attention to the way gender roles structure individual accessibility experiences of women and men differently, and, in turn, the way such accessibility experiences take a form of gendered spatiality. Gendered spatiality is examined through the analysis of accessibility space as well as activity space in order to ascertain women's home-attached and spatially entrapped characteristics. More household responsibilities throughout a day and, even more, the time constraint of picking up children at the daycare centers after work lead women's possible activity space to be more home-centered. The analysis of the spatio-temporal context of accessibility space makes gendered spatiality visible. However, the findings suggest that behavioral outcomes should be understood with an explicit awareness of constraints individuals face. It is because the revealed activity spaces can be not only an outcome of constraint but also an outcome of choice. Behavioral outcomes should not be treated as a straightforward expression of the level of constraints. It is problematic to expect that behavioral outcomes directly mirror the level of constraints. It is also problematic to suppose that the level of constraints can be straightforwardly elicited from revealed behavioral outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2015

This study aims to offer basic data to effectively preserve and manage pine forests using more precise pine forests' distribution status. In this regard, this study predicts the geographical distribution change of pine forests growing in South Korea, due to climate change, and evaluates the spatial distribution characteristics of pine forests by age. To this end, this study predicts the potential distribution change of pine forests by applying the MaxEnt model useful for species distribution change to the present and future climate change scenarios, and analyzes the effects of bioclimatic variables on the distribution area and change by age. Concerning the potential distribution regions of pine forests, the pine forests, aged 10 to 30 years in South Korea, relatively decreased more. As the area of the region suitable for pine forest by age was bigger, the decreased regions tend to become bigger, and the expanded regions tend to become smaller. Such phenomena is conjectured to be derived from changing of the interaction of pine forests by age from mutual promotional relations to competitive relations in the similar climate environment, while the regions suitable for pine forests' growth are mostly overlap regions. This study has found that precipitation affects more on the distribution of pine forests, compared to temperature change, and that pine trees' geographical distribution change is more affected by climate's extremities including precipitation of driest season and temperature of the coldest season than average climate characteristics. Especially, the effects of precipitation during the driest season on the distribution change of pine forests are irrelevant of pine forest's age class. Such results are expected to result in a reduction of the pine forest as the regions with the increase of moisture deficiency, where climate environment influencing growth and physiological responses related with drought is shaped, gradually increase according to future temperature rise. The findings in this study can be applied as a useful method for the prediction of geographical change according to climate change by using various biological resources information already accumulated. In addition, those findings are expected to be utilized as basic data for the establishment of climate change adaptation policies related to forest vegetation preservation in the natural ecosystem field.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.42-55
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• 2011

The basic approach of this study was to take the theory of cultural fluctuations to investigate the early modern and modern patterns of the use of ox carts and@ the social and economic appropriateness and cultural significance of ox carts. The study chose a village that was the only place that used ox carts in Bugye-myeon. The findings will help to understand how traditional cultural elements would continue or change according to the natural, geographical, economical, and cultural characteristics of a village. Located in Gaho-2-ri, Bugye-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongbuk Province, Dongrim Village started to use ox carts during the Japanese rule and replaced the traditional version with an improved one in 1972 when a reservoir was built. Until the 1970s, they used ox carts to carry agricultural products and luggage and to visit the markets in distant Bugye-myeon or Gunwi-eup. In the early 1980s when a cultivator was first introduced into the village, ox carts gradually disappeared in the village and eventually remained as a mere means of transportation. As the younger generations were active in introducing modern means of transportation, a cultivator became the main means of transportation in the village in the 1980s and a truck since the latter half of the 1990s. Despite those changes, however, the elderly in their seventies or older continued to use ox carts. With aged labor and inability to use modern means of transportation, they grew cows and oxen to cultivate the inclined fields and gain easy access to fields distributed in distant locations and continued to ox carts through reform. In Dongrim Village, the heritage of using reformed ox carts is the practice of appropriate technology by the old farmers and a cultural representation of an aged agricultural society. That is, the elderly recognized the appropriateness and practicality of traditional culture and renewed a traditional means of transportation called an ox cart. The phenomenon of the old men and women frequently using ox carts in an agricultural village in the mountain with geographical limitations has settled down as a cultural representation of the elderly in Dongrim Village. The continuing usage of ox carts in Dongrim Village is attributed to the fact that ox carts well suit the natural, geographical, and economic aspects of the village and the cultural inertia of the elderly with the aging of the farmers. Thus it is once again shown that human beings transmit and alter culture according to their overall situations and conditions.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Genomic DNA isolated from two geographical populations of pond-smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) was amplified for RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis. The populations were obtained from Chungju (CJ), in the inland area, and Dangjin (DJ), in the vicinity of the West Sea in Korea. Seven arbitrarily selected primers, OPB-06, OPB-10, OPB-13, OPB-17, OPC-09, OPC-17 and OPC-20, were used to generate the shared loci, polymorphic, and specific loci. Three hundred and eighty-three loci observed per primer were identified in the CJ population, and 287 were identified in the DJ population. Among them, 91 polymorphic loci or 23.8% were polymorphic in the CJ population, and 47 (16.4%) in the DJ population. The number of shared loci observed was 198 in the CJ population and 176 in the DJ population. Forty-four and 75 specific loci were detected in the CJ and DJ populations, respectively. Especially, 99 numbers of shared loci by the two populations, with an average of 14.1 per primer, were observed in the two pond-smelt populations. The average bandsharing value between the two geographical pond-smelt populations was $0.700{\pm}0.008$, ranging from 0.600 to 0.846. Compared separately, the bandsharing value of individuals within the CJ population was higher than that of the DJ population. The dendrogram obtained using the data from the seven primers indicated three genetic clusters: cluster 1, CJ 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, and 11; cluster 2, DJ 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, and 09; and cluster 3, DJ 10 and 11. The genetic distance between the two geographical populations ranged from 0.040 to 0.545. Thus, RAPD-PCR analysis revealed a significant genetic distance between the two pond-smelt populations.