• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.1223-1232
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• 2021

In this study, a new analysis method by using a "Discharge Gini Coefficient" is presented to determine the degree of inequality in daily discharge throughout the year. The Discharge Gini Coefficient can be calculated using the area relationship with the cumulative percentage of the daily mode discharge in the ascending order according to the cumulative percentage of the date of occurrence of the daily discharge throughout the year. The Discharge Gini Coefficient is presented as a value between 0 and 1, and the degree of inequality can be divided into 5 levels. The Discharge Gini Coefficient can be used to estimate the discharge stability of the downstream point relative to the upstream point. In addition, it is possible to quantify the influence of each reference discharge on the total inequality. The applicability of the Discharge Gini Coefficient was reviewed using long-term daily discharge data at eight points upstream and downstream of the four major rivers in Korea. The Discharge Gini Coefficient can also be used to analyze the discharge control effect in the downstream by the upstream dam.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.591-600
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• 2016

This paper, in the situation of deepening poverty and worsening income inequality, aims to find the impact on income inequality of main income sources such as public income, market income and family income in the elderly and propose polices for weakening the income inequality in the elderly. Main results are as follows. First, Gini coefficients of each income sources in the elderly are total income's 0.4801, public income's 0.4071, market income's 0.6736 and family income's 0.1855. Income inequality in the elderly population is serious in the total income, public income and market income areas. Second, after excepting for public income in total income, Gini coefficient is 0.4864. after excepting for market income in total income, Gini coefficient is 0.3609. And after excepting for family income in total income, Gini coefficient is 0.5784. When market and public income are excepted from total income, Gini coefficient alleviate. Therefore, market income and public income are the major causes of income inequality in the elderly. But, family income alleviate the income inequality in the elderly. In order to alleviating the income inequality of the elderly, we must try to increasing the market income. For example, government must to supply job opportunities for the elderly of low-income.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.366-375
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• 2016

This study evaluates the degree of the inequality of medical care expenditure and private health insurance benefits and the relation with household income inequality in korea health care system. This study used the 2014 korea Health Panel survey, and study method is Gini coefficient. The main results are as follow. First, average household income in 1st income quartile is 6,290,000won and 10st income quartile is 101,930,000won. And Gini coefficient of Korea household income is 0.3756. In other words, family income inequality is quite serious. Second, the Gini coefficient of the public institution supported medical care expenditure, such as health insurance and public assistance, is 0.0761, and the Gini coefficient of the expenditure of transportation fee and medical materials etc that don't supported is 0878. The inequality in medical care expenditure in public health care system and without public support aren't serious all. Third, Gini coefficient in excluding household medical care expenditure from household income slightly increased. That is, the medical care expenditure of our country household is the factor of aggravating the inequality of household income. Fourth, Gini coefficient of private health insurance benefits is 0.0927. Therefore, the ineqality in private insurance benefits is low. In addition, the Gini coefficient of the sum of private insurance benefits and household income is 0.3672. it decrease from Gini coefficient(0.3756) of household's. Private health insurance perform the functions somewhat weaken household income inequality. However, it is very little improvement.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-77
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the changes in wage inequality and its contributing factors since the mid-2000s. Although trends vary by data and wage indices, the Gini coefficient of the total wage of all workers shows an increasing trend due to the part-time increase of less than 35 hours per week, while the wage Gini coefficient of hourly wages and the total wage Gini coefficient of full-time workers showed a declining trend. Part-time increases have increased inequality based on total wages, but part-time hourly wage increases can be considered to have reduced hourly wage inequality. Therefore, as a result of decomposing the factor of Gini coefficient reduction only for full-time workers, factors that contributed absolutely to inequality reduction were variables such as job tenure, career, and occupation, and employment type variable has little effects, and the establishment size variable deepens inequality. The variables such as industry, age, and education did not contribute significantly to the inequality change. This is attributed to the decline in wage premiums for job tenure and management and professional jobs and the increase in wage premiums for large-scale businesses.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.29-47
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• 2020

This study uses Gini coefficient to index the inequality of academic information resource among universities to identify the areas where the gap is extremely severe, and analyzes the Gini coefficient over time for 10 years to show how the gap is changing. In addition, the degree and characteristics of the gap appearing by type of universities such as metropolitan universities, local national universities, private universities, and colleges were also compared. As a result, first, the university library academic information infrastructure showed a severe level of disparity (0.6 - 0.9), and the inequality was more severe in serials, electronic resources, and reference service. Even when the relative Gini coefficient was calculated considering the number of students, the inequality was over 0.4 in serial etc. Second, the Gini coefficient trend over the last decade shows that the inequality has decreased toward equality in the re-education time of employees and electronic information resources, but not in other sectors. Third, it was found that special universities and universities in the metropolitan area showed a large gap between universities of the same kind, and local national universities showed the best gap level as well as the best academic information infrastructure.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.237-255
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• 2020

Pareto principle states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. This study clarified if there is Pareto principle in Korean universities' academic information resource sharing network and calculates the Gini efficient about inequality in sharing academic resources. As a result, top 20% libraries led 80% of performance and inequality degree showed 0.8 as very serious condition. Relative Gini efficient which is recalculated considering scale of each libraries stay 0.7 that is adjusted slightly down. It means that such phenomenon is not caused by the difference of each universities scale with high contribution of big university and low contribution of small university. And in comparison of inequality between university's types, inequality between community colleges and private universities is more serious than four-year-course college and national university respectfully. Finally, as a result of visualizing the distribution of participating libraries, there were libraries with overwhelming contributions, and libraries with small but relatively high contribution levels were also distributed.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.3-17
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• 2017

This study ranks by developing an urban competitiveness index of major global cities, including seven cities in Korea using data from the Global Cities Forecast (2013) provided by Oxford Economics. The City competitiveness index is selected from 18 indicators including scale index, ratio index, growth rate index while Gini coefficient is used for distribution index. In order to analyze the relationship between the competitiveness index and the distribution index, we use the LOGIT panel regression model. As a result, the increase in income inequality (Gini coefficient) has a negative effect on the economic growth rate in 5-year time lag shown statistically significant. We have compiled global rankings of 770 city competitiveness based upon 19 indicators by combining the global competitiveness index and the distribution index. The trend of rank shows that 7 Metropolitan Korean Cities are expected to decline substantially over the period. In particular, Seoul ranked $59^{th}$ in 2010 and $74^{th}$ in 2015. Its ranking is expected to be decline to $185^{th}$ in 2030. The declining competitiveness of Korean cities is expected to lead to a weakening of Korea's national competitiveness in the long run. Accordingly, it is imperative to identify problems and seek strategic plans to secure global urban competitiveness.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.99-104
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• 2012

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-28
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• 2007

Upon analyzing several Korean Income data sets, it is confirmed that the relationship between Gini coefficient and bi-polarization measure (EGR) is empirically not different although they each come from different theoretical basis. Furthermore, it is difficult to state that the degree of polarization of income distribution, measured by DER, in Korea has deepened more than that of income inequality, estimated by Gini coefficient, in the periods of before and after the economic crisis.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.169-187
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• 2015

Ports as central factors of the logistics industry and principal bases in industrial activities play a significant role in the development of the social economy. This paper takes the throughput data from 2000 to 2014 of 10 container ports located in China as the research object with the Gini coefficient and employs the shift-share analysis. It aims to analyze the changes in port concentration and movement of container throughputs and propose a stage of development port system in China. The results are as follows. First, the system of container ports clearly moves northward. According to the above shift-share analysis, the throughput moves from the Pearl River Delta to the other two regions. This indicates that the center of Chinese container port system moves northward. Second, container port diversification development takes a representative position in the change of container throughput space structure. According to the calculation results of Gini coefficient, diversified development gradually predominates the change of container throughput space structure.