• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.21 no.8
• /
• pp.695-702
• /
• 2002

The question how man can perceive the direction of a sound is one of the traditional psychoacoustical problems. Rayleigh already began to investigate this subject in 1870s and kept on interesting himself intermittently throughout his research career. Rayleigh was only concerned with this subject among those of perception of sound and focused more interest on it than any other acoustical problems. At first he insisted on the perception of the direction of a sound by the difference of intensity of a sound in two ears. but was phased in accepting that by the difference of phase of a sound there. Thus he arrived at the modern view that the perception of the sound direction is caused by the difference of intensity in high frequencies and the difference of phase in low frequencies. Rayleigh presented his ability as an excellent experimenter by employing very cautious and ingenious experimental settings and acquired persuasive results by linking the consequences of his mathematical theorization with his experiments.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.91-109
• /
• 2017

The purpose of the research was to examine the relative effect of binocular disparity and T-junction on the determination of object's belongingness in brightness perception when regular repeating structure was present in the stimuli. Using Howe's stimuli, the variation of White illusion stimuli, Experiment 1 found that object's belongingness was mainly determined by monocular information (T-junction as well as regular repeating structure) rather than by binocular disparity when both informations on belongingness were inconsistent. Experiment 2, using the stimuli employing only regular repeating structure and binocular disparity, found that object's belongingness was not determined by any single information. These results imply that when the regular repeating structure and binocular disparity are inconsistent on object's belongingness, T-junction plays an important role in the determination of the object's belongingness and that the brightness perception is affected by it.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.303-322
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of using the geometric manipulative for the development of spatial sense and thus to find out a better mathematics teaching and learning method that could help develop students' spatial senses. The two fifth grade classes were randomly chosen as an experimental group (31 students) and a control group (32 students), respectively. This study implemented nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design of quasi-experimental design. The test instrument used in this study was a spatial sense test. The pretest and posttest were implemented with the same instrument. In addition, their classes were observed and videotaped, and the data and their study activities were analyzed. In conclusion, first, the geometric manipulative-aided activities contributes to developing students' spatial senses and their two sub-factors involves perceptual consistency and perception of spatial relationship. Second, the activities of grasping the components of solid figures, sketches and development figures by using the geometric manipulative contribute to boost students' perceptual consistencies and their perceptions of spatial relationship.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.151-175
• /
• 2006

A common constraint-range model was suggested to explain the extraction of edge orientation from kinetic occlusion and five experiments were performed to verify this model. Results of the experiments show that the subjects' ability to identify the orientation of the kinetic edge increases as the angle of common constraint-range decreases. If the common constraint-range was fixed, the number of occluded elements or the interval between them had no effect on the accuracy. These results indicate that in the edge extraction process from kinetic occlusion, the angle of common constraint-range plays more important role than the density of background texture, supporting the common constraint-range model.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2001

Palmer and Rock (1994) proposed that a connected region of uniform visual properties (uniform connectedness) strongly tends to be organized as a single perceptual unit To test this hypothesis using briefly presented forms three experiments were executed. In Experiment 1 and 2 participants were asked to report the identity of a post-cued target. and there was no difference between connected and disconnected displays. In Experiment 3 participants were asked to report the predesignated name of each whole display and the accuracy rate was higher in the connected displays than in the disconnected ones. However negative repetition effects were observed consistently in all the experiments. This indicates uniform connectedness does not have a strong effect in perceiving briefly presented forms.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.575-584
• /
• 2012

Decades of psychological research have shown that emotion brings users various kinds of physical and psychological advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, this also impacts human decision-making. However, in spite of the weight of emotion, combined with HCI, relevant research is still insufficient. We hypothesized that the user's temporal emotion could influence the product evaluation, especially in terms of product usability. Two studies were carried out to investigate the effect of induced priming on user evaluations. In exp1, we manipulated participants' temporal emotions using positive and negative images from IAPS. In our results, we saw image priming had a statistically significant effect, with the positive condition group giving the product high ratings for usability. In exp2, emotional image manipulation was conducted with valence and arousal. As a result, we found that the variables of valence and arousal had some interaction effects. These studies have demonstrated that temporally induced emotion could affect users' emotion in different ways, in addition to influencing product evaluations.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.133-171
• /
• 2013

The gist of a scene can be identified in less than 100msec, and violation in the gist can influence the way to allocate attention to the parts of a scene. In other words, people tend to allocate more attention to the object(s) inconsistent with the gist of a scene and to have better memory of them. To investigate the effects of contextual consistency on the attention allocation and object memory, two experiments were conducted. In both experiments, a $3{\times}2$ factorial design was used with scene presentation time(2s, 5s, and 10s) as a between-subject factor and object-background contextual consistency(consistent, inconsistent) as a within-subject factor. In Experiment 1, eye movements were recorded while the participants viewed line-drawing scenes. The results showed that the eye movement patterns were different according to whether the scenes were consistent or not. Context-inconsistent objects showed faster initial fixation indices, longer fixation times, more frequent returns than context-consistent ones. These results are entirely consistent with those of previous studies. If an object is identified as inconsistent with the gist of a scene, it attracts attention. Furthermore, the inconsistent objects and their locations in the scenes were recalled better than the consistent ones and their locations. Experiment 2 was the same as Experiment 1 except that a dual-task paradigm was used to reduce the amount of attention to allocate to the objects. Participants had to detect the positions of the probe occurring every second while they viewed the scenes. Nonetheless, the result patterns were the same as in Experiment 1. Even when the amount of attention to allocate to the scene contents was reduced, the same effects of contextual inconsistency were observed. These results indicate that the object-background contextual consistency has a strong influence on the way of allocating attention and the memory of objects in a scene.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.165-184
• /
• 2012

To investigate how the valence of unattended background picture modulates perceptual processing of a target letter, participants were required to detect a target letter among six letters superimposed on an IAPS picture. Perceptual load was manipulated by varying the difficulty of letter detection, and behavioral results showed more accurate and faster detection responses at the low-load condition than at the high-load condition. The analysis of ERP data of control condition at which six letters were presented without an IAPS picture showed perceptual load effects on mean amplitude of N1 and P1 ERP components. At experimental condition including an IAPS picture, interaction between valence and perceptual load was observed on mean amplitude of N1 at posterior visual processing area, and the amplitude difference between low-load condition and high-load condition was larger on a negative background picture than on a neutral background picture. The results suggest that more attentional capacity might be consumed by a negative picture than by a neutral picture, and suggest that unattended affective picture is processed automatically and influence the early perceptual processing of target stimulus.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
• /
• v.23
• /
• pp.347-358
• /
• 2016

The design of children's hospitals is highly dependent on color schemes. As a space shared together by both adults and children, the design of children's hospitals require color coordination that takes account of the users' characteristics. However, because the majority of prior research on color perception has focused overly on the emotional aspects, there is a necessity for more rational and scientific analyses to identify the characteristics of the visual perception of colors. Adopting this perspective in analyzing the characteristics of the visual perception of colors, this study aims to move beyond the abstract to focus on more objective methods, such as eye-tracking experiments, to examine the characteristics of hospital visitors' visual attention with respect to colors. Visual perception tracking experiment was conducted on the 2 chosen experimental images with a target group made up of adults and children, the following results were found. Firstly, spaces created with the preference colors of the different groups were found to develop a characteristic of developing higher attention. Secondly, observing the common tendencies for attention for adults and children, the highest region for visual concentration was formed towards the middle, as attention progresses to lower stages visually focused area changes in the order of upper-middle, left and right, and lower regions and edge regions show characteristics of not triggering attention Thirdly, it is understood that children's level of attention drops a lot faster than adults when identifying space therefore it is suspected that children need more elaborate color coordination than adults.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.157-172
• /
• 2022

Using the adaptation aftereffect paradigm, this study investigated whether adaptation to baby schema features of the face and body could affect facial age perceptions. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to determine whether the test faces that morphed at a certain ratio of a baby face and an adult face were perceived as 'baby' or 'adult' after being adapted to either a baby or an adult face. The result of Experiment 1 showed that after being adapted to baby faces, test faces were assessed as belonging to an adult more often than when being adapted to adult faces. In the subsequent experiments, participants carried out the same facial age judgment task after being adapted to baby or adult body silhouettes (Experiment 2) or hand images (Experiment 3). The results revealed that age perceptions were biased in the direction of the adaptors (i.e., an assimilative aftereffect) after adaptation to body silhouettes (Experiment 2) but did not change after being adapted to hands (Experiment 3). The present study showed that contrastive aftereffects in the perception of facial age were induced by adaptation to the baby face but failed to determine the cross-category transfer of age adaptation from hands or body silhouettes to faces.