• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.169-186
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• 2005

This paper investigates how In-store crowding influences behavioral intention with mediating consumer emotion within store. We performed covariance structural analysis based on 486 subjects on family restaurants. The results showed that perceived In-store crowding negatively influences positive-customer emotion and positively influences negative-customer emotion. In addition, In-store crowding on intention to behavior channeled through consumer emotion. Finally, we discuss the results of analysis and suggest research limitation and future study.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.79
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

대금굴은 3년여 동안 암석 틈새를 들춰내며 150m쯤 물길을 찾아 들어가, 다시 18m의 수직동굴로 하강하여 좁은 틈새를 비집고 70m를 들어가는 악전고투의 탐사 끝에 2003년 동굴을 발견했다. 이렇게 3년여 동안 발굴된 대금굴은 또다시 4년여 동안의 모노레일 설치와 동굴내부 관람로 및 조명설치 등의 공사를 거쳐 2097년 6월 5일 일반 공개를 하였다. 총 길이 610m 중 4분의 3정도는 동굴 입구로 향하는 산길이고 나머지는 동굴 안쪽 길이다. 승강장에서 동굴 내부 140m에 설치된 "대금역"까지는 약 7분이 걸린다. 운전석이 없고 자동으로 운행하기 때문에 앞뒤로 동굴 안팎이 잘 보인다. 동굴 내부에 열차를 타고 들어가는 건 분명 이색체험이다. 그러나 모노레일 내부에 울리는 비발디의 "사계"라든지 동굴 벽에 붙여 놓은, 네온 빛에 가까운 퍼런 빛깔의 조명이 조용한 동굴 감상에 역효과가 초래될 수도 있다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.107-127
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• 2003

After detailed geological mapping, structural and fracture-density data were collected and analyzed in the vicinity of Cheonseong and Jeongjok Mts., Gyeongsangnam-do. A extensive dextral strike-slip fault (Beopgi Fault) Parallel to Yangsan and Dongrae Faults, a dextral-transtensional-NW fault, and a few intermittent faults have been found in the study area. Based on strike and frequency, fracture system has been divided into three sets such as NNE-trending J1 ($NS-40^{\circ}E$), WNW-trending J2 ($N50^{\circ}-80^{\circ}W$), and ENE-trending J3 ($N60^{\circ}-90^{\circ}E$). According to analysis of fracture density, it is revealed as follows: (a) Jl is the combination of Y-, P-, and R-shear fractures due to the dextral strike-slip of the Beopgi Fault. (b) J2 is the preexisted fracture zone conducting the intrusion of granite. Two tensional fractures dipping to NNE and SSW respectively have been induced by intrusion of granite and followed crustal uplift. (c) J3 is the tensional fracture developed between Yangsan and Dongrae Faults having NNE trend and dextral strike-slip sense. This study aims to reduce environmental impact and insure stability of underground facilities and tunnels.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.300-314
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• 2018

This study, expending the existing concept of hostile media perception to biased media perception, empirically examined the effects of TV audience's political disposition(liberal, neutral, conservative) and broadcasting company's political disposition perceived by the audience(liberal, neutral, conservative) on evaluations of the broadcasting channel(interestedness, diversity, creativity, reliability, usefulness, fairness, public interest). With the nationwide online survey data from 624 adult audiences, a broadcasting company evaluated as the most neutral in political disposition at the moments of data gathering was selected and respondents' evaluations of the broadcasting channel were analyzed in a two-way factorial multiple analysis of covariance(MANCOVA). The results showed that the perceived political disposition of the broadcasting company affects audiences' evaluations of the channel while audiences' their own political dispositions do not. In addition, due to the interaction effects between audience's and broadcasting company's political dispositions, congruency in political dispositions led to positive evaluations(congenial media perceptions) while incongruency led to negative ones(hostile media perceptions). Based on these results, theoretical and empirical implications were discussed in terms of the formation of attitudes toward TV broadcasting channels.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.192-202
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to examine whether health promoting behavior was dependent on perceived health status and health attitude in adults, and whether health concern mediated the relationships among these variables. Structural equation modeling was applied to test a model in which perceived health status and health attitude were considered as exogenous variables while health concern as a mediating variable. The participants were 292 adults aged from 20 to 59 and completed the self-report measures. The results of the structural equation model showed that perceived health status and health attitude were positively associated with health concern and health promoting behavior. Health concern mediated the relationships between perceived health status and health promoting behavior, and also health attitude and health promoting behavior. The findings suggest that enhancing health attitude may play important roles to promote health promoting behavior in adults, and the development of various health education for adults in schools, work place, and health and medical organization might promote positive health attitude and health concern. Health education program in connection with preventive health examination also might contribute to activate health promoting behavior.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explain the attitudes and acceptance toward the smart clothing adopted by the TAM(Technology Acceptance Model). A theoretical model on consumer acceptance of the commercialized smart clothing was constructed on the basis of previous studies and a review of literature and tested the path analysis. For the data analysis, statistical methods of confirmatory factor analysis, correlation, and covariance structural analysis using AMOS 5.0 package were employed. The results from a web-based survey of 557 online consumers indicate that the TAM by Davis(1989) adopted by perceived value according to market price was able to explain consumer acceptance of smart clothing substantially well. Using structural equation modeling, eight of the six hypotheses investigated in this study were supported. The results of the testing of the hypothesis were as fellows: First, perceived ease of use had a side effect on attitude through perceived usefulness. In addition, the attitude was found to affect consumer acceptance. Second, perceived usefulness was found to affect consumer attitude on perceived value, however, had not significant effect on consumer acceptance toward smart clothing. Third, perceived value was found to affect both consumer acceptance and attitude toward smart clothing. Finally, the attitude toward smart clothing had a direct effect on the consumer acceptance.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.313-320
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• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine changes in the dentinal fluid flow (DFF) during desensitizing agent application and to compare permeability after application among the agents. Materials and Methods: A Class 5 cavity was prepared to exposure cervical dentin on an extracted human premolar which was connected to a sub-nanoliter fluid flow measuring device (NFMD) under 20 cm water pressure. DFF was measured from before application of desensitizing agent (Seal&Protect, SP; SuperSeal, SS; BisBlock, BB; Gluma desensitizer, GL; Bi-Fluoride 12, BF) through application procedure to 5 min after application. Results: DFF rate after each desensitizing agent application was significantly reduced when compared to initial DFF rate before application (p < 0.05). SP showed a greater reduction in DFF rate than GL and BF did (p < 0.05). SS and BB showed a greater reduction in DFF rate than BF did (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Characteristic DFF aspect of each desensitizing agent was shown in NFMD during the application procedure.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2022

This study intends to examine how the perception of covid-19 risk affects consumers' consumption behavior based on previous studies in a situation where the spread of covid-19 is prolonged. This study demonstrates how consumers' perception of covid-19 risk affects online and offline consumption behavior through the perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, coping effectiveness, and self-efficacy of the revised protective motivation theory (Rogers, 1983). We want to test it through analysis. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, consumers living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province who have purchased within the past 3 months were selected as a sample. In addition, variable data such as risk perception of covid-19, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, coping effectiveness, self-efficacy, online purchase attitude and purchase intention, offline purchase attitude and purchase intention were collected through the questionnaire.A total of 363 copies of valid responses were tested to test the hypothesis of the relationship between variables through the covariance structure model. The analysis results of this study were first, that covid-19 risk perception had a significant positive (+) effect on perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, and coping effectiveness. Second, perceived severity and perceived vulnerability were found to have a significant positive (+) effect on offline purchasing attitude. Third, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, coping plan effectiveness, and self-efficacy were all found to have significant positive (+) effects on online purchase attitude. Finally, it was found that offline purchase attitude and online purchase attitude had a significant positive (+) effect on offline purchase intention and online purchase intention, respectively. Also, it was found that online purchase attitude had a negative (-) effect on offline purchase intention. The results of this analysis will provide meaningful implications for the establishment of strategies for distribution channels according to the social risk of infectious diseases.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.615-625
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of wildlife or wildlife species on national park visitors' perception of place attributes and recreational experiences. Data were collected from 502 users of Seongsamjae Rest area and Nogodan Shelter area in Jirisan National Park and 173 college students during May-June 2014 using survey questionnaire. Some simulated photographs of water deer and Asiatic black bears were used for the college student survey. Overall, awareness about wildlife inhabiting in Jirisan National Park (AW) was not related with one's perception of place attributes (PPA) (i.e., crowdedness, naturalness, safety) and types of visitors' recreational experiences. Respondents with higher awareness about the presence of Asiatic black bear (AABB), however, tended to perceive Jirisan National Park as a place that provides 'wild' or 'natural' recreational opportunities compared to those with lower AABB. Differences in PPA (i.e., crowdedness, naturalness, safety) and types of recreational experiences were also found to be influenced by wildlife species. Respondents exposed to bear or water deer tended to perceive their recreational experiences as more 'wild'. Existence of wildlife in Jirisan National Park had a positive effect on the quality of visitors' recreational experiences. Different wildlife species showed different levels of effectiveness to quality enhancement of recreational experience. Some practical implications of the study were discussed from a managerial point of view.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1057-1066
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• 2016

This study examined how 'forest name' or 'information of forest healing effectiveness' influence their perceived environmental restorativeness (PER) and perceived healing effectiveness (PHE). Study area was the 'Forest Healing Road (FHR)' in Mudeungsan National Park. Data were collected from 247 visitors selected by convenient sampling method using questionnaire survey during May-June, 2015. Respondents who read interpretive signs (forest name and information on forest healing effectiveness of FHR were written) installed along the FHR were regarded as placebo group and respondents who didn't read them as control group. The results showed that there were no overall differences on PER and PHE between control and placebo groups. Placebo group, however, rated more positive on 'being away' factor of PER than control group. All four factors (i.e., being away, coherence, fascination, comparability) of PER statistically influenced PHE (p<0.001), and these factors explained 51.1% of PHE. The 'coherence' was the most influential to PHE, followed by 'being away', 'comparability', and 'fascination' in order. Placebo effects on PER were shown in male, in lower age group(age${\leq}54$), or respondents with lower visiting experience to FHR(${\leq}20$ times/year). Placebo effects on PHE were found in male, in small group (${\leq}2$ persons), in respondents who visited 'alone' or 'with relatives/family', or in respondents with lower visiting experience to FHR(${\leq}20$ times/year). Some research and managerial implications were suggested.