• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.722-729
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• 1992

Mg-and Zn-ferrites having spinel structure, a kind of complex oxides showing the advantageous properties of constituently single metal oxides, were selected to find a relationship between their catalytic activities in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene and the catalytic properties. For the structural and physical analyses of ferrites, XRD, BET, DTA, XPS, TEM and TPD methods were employed. Potassium added to the catalyst played a role of bifunctional promoter which brought the electronic effect as well as the structural one for the increment of particle dispersion. K-addition decreased acid strength of the catalyst by neutralization and increased its acidity. In the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, K-addition let the selectivity to styrene be constant throughout the reaction by the proper acid strength of the ferrite for the reaction, which could be obtained from the neutralization of strong acid sites by potassium.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.659-663
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• 2021

10 m³/min (CMM) multi-pollutants abatement system was successfully developed by effectively integrating ozone oxidation, wet scrubbing, and wet electrostatic precipitation for the simultaneous removal of particulate matters (PMs) and NOx in a semiconductor fabrication process. The sophisticated control and optimization of operating parameters were conducted to maximize the destruction and removal efficiency of NOx. In particular, the stability test of a wet electrostatic precipitator was carried out in parallel for 30 days to validate the reliability of core parts including a power supply. An O₃/NO ratio, which is the most important operating parameter, was optimized to be about 1.5 and the optimization of wet scrubbing with a reducing agent made it possible to analyze the contribution of neutralization reaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.279-290
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• 2016

The performance of upflow anaerobic bioelectrochemical reactor (UABE), equipped with electrodes (anode and cathode) inside the upflow anaerobic reactor, was compared to that of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for the treatment of acidic distillery wastewater. The UASB was stable in pH, alkalinity and VFAs until the organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.0 g COD/L.d, but it became unstable over 4.0 g COD/L.d. As a response to the abrupt doubling in OLR, the perturbation in the state variables for the UABE was smaller, compared to the UASB, and quickly recovered. The UABE stability was better than the UASB at higher OLR of 4.0-8.0 g COD/L.d, and the UABE showed better performance in specific methane production rate (2,076mL $CH_4/L.d$), methane content in biogas (66.8%), and COD removal efficiency (82.3%) at 8.0 g COD/L.d than the UASB. The maximum methane yield in UABE was about 407mL/g $COD_r$ at 4.0 g COD/L.d, which was considerably higher than about $282mL/g\;COD_r$ in UASB. The rate limiting step for the bioelectrochemical reaction in UABE was the oxidation of organic matter on the anode surface, and the electrode reactions were considerably affected by the pH at 8.0 g COD/L.d of high OLR. The maximum energy efficiency of UABE was 99.5%, at 4.0 g COD/L.d of OLR. The UABE can be an advanced high rate anaerobic process for the treatment of acidic distillery wastewater.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.401-408
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• 1987

Nine monoclonal antibodies directed against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) were prepared by using cell hybridization technique, and the biological properties of the antibodies were investigated by means of immunofluorescence, serum neutralization, and electrophoretic analysis. Eight of 9 monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with the antigenic constituents of IBRV, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Marek's disease virus, turkey herpesvirus, hog cholera virus, porcine parvovirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. However, the remaining one, 26-2 clone, was found to be cross-reactive with pseudorabies virus. Two monoclonal antibodies, 7-C-2 and 12-A-2, which had neutralizing activity, were reactive with the molecular weights of 72 kilo daltons (72K) and 125K of IBRV proteins electrophoretically separated, respectively. The monoclonal antibody, 3-H-3, which is corresponding to 94K of IBRV proteins, revealed no neutralizing activity. The cross-reactive monoclonal antibody, 26-2, was proved by electrophoretical analysis to be reactive with 100K of IBRV proteins and 40K of pseudorabies virus.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2000

The etiologic agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Korea are Hantaan and Seoul virus in the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. Antibody titers of sera from HFRS patients against Hantaan virus were measured by immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high density composite particle agglutination (HDPA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNI). PRNT and nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) was used for serotypic differentiation of Hantaviruses against Hantaan and Seoul virus. Eight doubtful HFRS patients showed higher fluorescent, IgG ELISA, agglutination and neutralizing antibody titer by IFAT, ELISA IgG, HDPA and PRNT, respectively Five out of them showed high IgM antibody titer by IgM capture ELISA against Hantaan virus, remarkably. Fifteen HFRS patients showed higher fluorescent antibody titer by IFAT. In PRNT, 12 out of them showed high neutralizing antibody titer against HTNV, 2 against SEOV and 1 against both viruses. In nested RT-PCR using serotype specific-primer, 3 out of them showed positive against HTNV and 1 against SEOV.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 2002

The optimal operation conditions, including voltage applied, reaction time, distance between electrodes. and electrode material. were investigated for the treatment of soil flushing effluent using electrofloatation. When 3V was applied for 1 hour, 88% oil-water separation efficiency was achieved. In case of 6V and above, 90% efficiencies were achieved. As reaction time and distance between electrodes were longer, separation efficiencies were higher and lower, respectively. Separation efficiencies for different anode materials were copper > aluminum > iron > titanium. It might result from the differences of their electrical conductivities.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.276-280
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of sterilization and the neutralization of treated ballast water using seawater electrolysis. The electrolysis apparatus has a cation-selective membrane for passing the cation and a titanium electrode in each cell. We examined the sterilization effect after an incubation period of 24 hr. The oxidation reaction during electrolysis caused, the solution to become strongly acidic due to the generation of a hydroxyl group, and the oxidation reduction potentials(ORP) was increased to 800 - 1200mV. After the reduction reaction, the solution became alkaline(pH 9 - 12), and ORP was decreased to - 900 - - 750 mV. It might be possible to control the pH of ballast water through electrolysis. In addition, we demonstrated the effects of sterilization of ballast water containing generated hypochlorous acid using electrolysis under high ORP condition.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2000

Presence of marine birnavirus (MABV) was examined against egg and ovarian fluid, and seminal fluid from the brood stocks of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus collected from 9 different stations around Korean peninsula. The detection rate of MABV in brood stocks flounder was observed to 34% by PCR. The mean virus titer of the PCR positive fish was $10^{2.30}$ to $10^{4.30}$ $TCID_{50}$/g(ml). By a neutralization test, all of the isolated virus were ascertained to be closely related to marine birnavirus (MABV).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.117-120
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• 2006

$TiOCl_2$를 중화시키고 과산화수소와 반응시켜 Ti peroxo 전구체를 수열합성법을 이용하여 autoclave 반응기 내에서 가열하여 $TiO_2$ 졸을 제조하였다. Autoclave 반응기 내에 압력을 가하면 브룩카이트상 $TiO_2$졸이 형성됨을 확인하였고, 중화과정에서 NaCl을 첨가하여 Ti 수산화물 격자 내에 Na 이온을 포획되어 브룩카이트상이 나타남을 알 수 있었다. Na 이온의 첨가량에 따라 브룩카이트 결정상 함량이 달라져 광촉매 활성도 달라짐을 브룩카이트상 $TiO_2$가 코팅된 박막의 기상벤젠 광분해 실험을 통해 확인하였고 미세구조, 결정성, 광흡수도률 측정하여 특성평가를 실시하였다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.6 s.74
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• pp.16-24
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• 2006

In this study, the neutralization and dechlorination process of MWI(Municipal Waste Incinerator) fly ash with $H_2SO_4$ are investigated to recover HCI, which is delivered from the reaction of chloride in the ash and sulfuric acid. The coarse crystalline gypsum and fine impurity containing heavy metal are also separated by 500# wet screening followed by recrystallization of the dechlorinated ash mainly made of $CaSO_4$. As a results, Using 100g MWI fly ash and 85g cone. sulfuric acid as raw material, 52.6g hydrochloric acid with 35% assay and 116.9g crystalline gypsum with 98% or more assay are recovered. In this process, 7.85g fine impurity containing heavy metal and 2.65g coarse impurity are also separated.