• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze a casual relationship of satisfaction of family leisure in middle school students and related variables(student's gender, parent's income, father's job, healthy family, and family leisure attitude). Subjects were 200 middle school students. Instrumentation were questionnaires from the family leisure satisfaction scale, healthy family scale, and family leisure attitude scale. Data analysis was by mean, percentile, t-test, oneway-ANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and stepwise multiple regression. The major findings of this study were as follow; First there was a significant different between student's gender and satisfaction of family leisure. Second, there was a significant different between family income and satisfaction of family leisure. Third, there was a significant relationship between healthy family and satisfaction of family leisure. Fourth, there was a significant relationship between family leisure attitude and satisfaction of family leisure. Fifth, emotional attitude in family leisure attitude was the most predicting variable in satisfaction of family leisure.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.169-183
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of self-esteem, relationships with parents and peer relationships on adolescents' school adjustment. Total of 900 middle school students residing in Guri, Geonggi-Do participated in the survey and the data collected from 874 students (557 male and 317 female students) were analyzed for this study. The followings summarize results of the study. First, the findings suggested that there is no significant difference between female and male students in school adjustment. Secondly, the study revealed that there is no difference between female and male students in self-esteem and relationship with parents. Thirdly, this study provided clear evidence that students with high self-esteem and close relationship with parents and schoolmates adapt to school life better than those with low self-esteem and distant relationship with parents and schoolmates. Fourthly, students with high self-esteem and close relationship with parents and schoolmates displayed higher adaptability to school life, and as for male students, close relationship with schoolmates was the most prominent factor which helps them adapt to school life better while female students' adaptability to school lifewas mainly affected by relationship with parents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.416-428
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• 2014

This study aimed to identify middle school students' perceptions and practices of handwriting, and factors affecting their attitudes towards handwriting. Data were collected by means of a survey targeting 346 students enrolled in 9 middle schools(Male=172, Female=172, Unknown=2, M=13.5 years old, SD= .94). Interviews, too, were conducted with 12 students in order to identify the students' perceptions of handwriting. The analyses of both survey and interview data revealed the following: (1) the majority of the interviewee students believed that handwriting is useful for memory and summarization so as to get a better school grade, including performance evaluations; (2) Many of the interviewee students were unsatisfied with their handwriting skills, giving higher scores to their peers' handwriting; (3) 45.7% of the students reported that mother was the one who taught them how to write for the first time; and 49.7% of them had no learning experience of taking notes; (4) Girls than boys and 1st graders than 2 or 3 graders showed more positive attitude towards handwriting; and (5) A multiple regression analysis showed that all the variables entered in the regression model, including sex, grade, affective attitude toward hands-on activities, physical abilities, time spent using a computer, and perceptions of Korean characters, had significant impacts on the students' attitudes towards handwriting.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2017

This study was designed to test whether middle school students have moderating effect of empathy ability on group bullying behavior. The subjects were 488 middle school students in Busan area, The mean difference test and regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 20 program and the related variables were standardized to show the characteristics of the control effect. The results of this study are as follows: First, as the experiences of the perpetrator and the experience of the autonomous group, the group bullying behaviors were higher, and it was confirmed that the perpetrators were important variables for predicting the bullying behaviors. As a predictor of bullying behavior, it was identified as an important variable. Second, empathy ability has a moderating effect of alleviating the relationship between perpetrator's harmony and bullying behavior, and the relationship between onlooker and bullying behavior. Third, according to gender analysis, male students were more exposed to bullying behaviors than female students. Through these discussions, practical suggestions for social welfare, academic suggestions, and suggestions for follow-up studies were made.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.750-756
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a treatment program by types of underachiever developed from "electric voltage and current" section in the 8th grade science textbook. The program for the underachiever who have lack of basic knowledge and needs to learning aimed to improve their achievement and attitude toward science. For this study, 171 8th grade students were sampled and distributed to control and experimental group. Among them, 54 underachievers were identified. The underachievers were defined as science achievement level is below mean and IQ is above 90. The independent variables in this study were teaching method (traditional instruction and developed instruction) and types of underachiever. The dependent variables were students' achievement and attitude toward science. Pretest-posttest control group design was used. The main results of this study were that the treatment program emphasizing learning sheet activities based on LT(Learning Together) model had significant effect for underachievers who have lack of basic knowledge and needs to learning to increase their achievement and attitude toward science.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.812-823
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to search effective assessments methods by using the Fusion model of Cognitive diagnosis theory. Attributes are skills or cognitive processes that are required to perform correctly on a particular item. After test items were developed, item's attributes were decided and Q-matrix about item's attributes was made. After testing, the result was analyzed according to gender and achievement level. The results of the analysis showed that students mastered 'Interpreting data' best, and 'synthesizing' worst among the five attributes. Female students showed higher ability than male students in 'recalling.' Students of high achievement level mastered more scientific attributes than students of low achievement level. Conventional assessments only provided a single summary score but Cognitive diagnosis modeling provided useful information by estimating individual knowledge states by assessing whether an examinee has mastered specific attributes measured by the science test. The skill profiles can offer a skill level of strong, weak, or mixed for each student for each skill. Therefore, the skill profiles will provide useful diagnostic information in addition to single overall scores.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the body perception and dietary attitude of adolescents in relation to self-esteem. Total of 1,030 middle school students in Bucheon were participated. Data were collected from July 14 to 21, 2008. by questionnaire, and analyzed by the SPSS V. 12.0 program. The research findings were summarized as that there was considerable mismatch between perceived body shapes and actual obesity status of the subjects, 52% of the boys, 36% of the girls, and 43% of the total participants, which indicated that perception of own body shapes was distorted. The girls and obese group tended to be more unsatisfied with their body weights than boys and underweight group, respectively. The dietary attitude scores were higher in boys than girls in all obesity groups, with the obese girls the lowest score. There were differences in self-esteem scores among the obesity groups with the underweight group the highest and the obese group the lowest. Self-esteem scores of boys were higher than girls in all 4 obesity groups. The body perception and dietary attitude were correlated with self-esteem in both boys and girls. It is shown that the more negative perception on their body shape, and the worse dietary attitude they had, the lower self-esteem both the boys and girls had.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.727-737
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the middle school students' perception and their learning satisfaction in SMART learning based science instruction. Three types of modules on the solar system and lunar phases unit at the middle school level were developed and lessons on each module were taught to 207 student participants. All participants were provided with tabletPC(iPad2) with iOS5 installed, and using astronomy app Solar Walk, mirroring function, QR code, and Google Presentation, the lessons were carried out both in classroom and at home. The instrument for assessing students' perception on the SMART learning-based instruction was developed based on 4 factors including Self-directed, Motivation, Adaptiveness, and Technology Embedded, with a Likert scale from 1-5 on 20 items. The learning satisfaction survey instrument was originally from Keller's work (1987), and its test items were adapted and modified. To reveal the perception and learning satisfaction about SMART learning-based science lessons, the participants were comparatively analyzed by gender and science achievement levels. Results indicated that male students showed positive perception for the SMART learning-based instruction. Group with higher science achievement scores showed more positive perception of the SMART learning-based instruction in terms of Self-directed and Motivation factor. Also, the learning satisfaction of male students was higher than female students and group with higher academic ability more satisfied with the SMART learning-based instruction than the low group. The results provide implications for future development of programs and help set a direction of increasing the use of a SMART learning-based science in school.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.420-436
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• 1996

The goal of this study is to explore different risk factors for smoking and look at the relationships between knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions regarding smoking among schoolchildren, in order to reduce teenage smoking. To achieve this goal a self-administered questionaire regarding smoking was provided to schoolchildren in the 7th and 8th grades in one junior high school in Jerusalem. The schoolchildren were exposed to 10-12 hours of a smoking prevention intervention program. The questionaire focused primarily on the personal characteristics, social environment, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and behavioral intentions of the children. Crosstabs were performed on each variable to determine if significant associations exist among the different variables. The statistical computer, package, SPSS PC, was used to manipulate the data along with Chi-square test. The findings were as follows : About 11% of the children aged 12-14 have ever smoked or are smoking currently, and about 24.0% of those who ever smoked started smoking at the age of 10. Boys smoke more(p<.01), poorer students(by self-perception of school performance) smoke more, and those who had peers who were smokers were more likely to smoke(p<.05). The percentage of the children who reported that either father or mother smoked was about 30%, but no statistical association was found between parental smoking and children's smoking, although trends were noted in the expected direction, i.e. more smokers among children of smokers. Only 1.1% of the children intended to smoke in the future, and 98.0% of the children indicated that they can or they might be able to withstand social pressure. Seventy percent of the children demonstrated medium to high knowledge about smoking, Males, 8th graders, better students, and those without friends who smoke had higher social pressure showed more negative attitudes(p<.01). Those with non-smoking siblings showed more negative behavioral intentions regarding smoking(p<.01), and better students showed more negative behavioral intentions. Those who had higher knowledge scores showed more negative attitudes towards smoking, but not significantly so. Those who had very negative behavioral intentions showed highly significant negative attitudes towards smoking(p<.01).

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.41-63
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional knowledge and eating behavior of middle school students in Gwangju area in order to provide basic data for the development of home economics curriculum that can help the students form healthy eating habits. For this purpose, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to middle school students in Gwangju area. A total of 330 questionnaires were collected by convenience sampling and analyzed using SPSS(Statistics Package for the Social Science) Version 20.0 for Windows. Results of this study are as follows. First, school curriculum session ranked top(31.82%) on the list of sources for middle school students to acquire nutrition knowledge. Second, the mean score of nutrition knowledge of all respondents was moderately high(14.33 points out of maximum 20 points). In terms of nutrition knowledge by gender, female students had a higher level of nutrition knowledge in the 'Food' domain than their male counterparts(p<0.05). With regard to nutrition knowledge by grade, Grade 9 showed a higher score than Grade 7 and 8(p<0.001). Third, the mean score of eating behavior of all respondents was at an average level(69.75 out of 100 points). In terms of eating behavior by gender, male students showed a higher score than their female counterparts(p<0.05). In particular, male students had higher scores than female students for the following items: "I exercise regularly after school"(p<0.001); "I regularly eat meal three times per day"(p<0.01); "I don't skip breakfast"(p<0.01); and "I don't eat sweet food often"(p<0.01). In terms of eating behavior by grade, Grade 9 showed higher scores than Grades 7 and 8 for the following items: "I eat meal out of thankfulness for those who have prepared food"(p<0.01) and "I eat grains for every meal"(p<0.01). Finally, with regard to eating behavior depending on the level of nutrition knowledge, the 'Upper' and 'Middle' groups had higher scores for eating behavior than the 'Lower' group, indicating that a lower level of nutrition knowledge resulted in a lower score in eating behavior. Based on the above results, home economics teachers responsible for dietary education should have a greater sense of mission and pride and make more efforts to improve nutrition knowledge and eating behavior of middle school students.