• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1371-1380
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• 2013

The effect of Monascus-fermented Angelica gigas Nakai (AFAG) on the contents of serum lipids and tissue lipid peroxidation was investigated in alcohol feeding rats (Alc group). The serum contents of total lipid and free fatty acid in the alcohol feeding rats were significantly increased, but these increases tended to decrease in the AFAG group. The content of serum triglyceride was also significantly decreased in the AFAG group compared to the other groups. The serum content of total-cholesterol was not significantly different between the normal group and the AFAG group. The content of HDL-cholesterol in serum was slightly increased in the AFAG group compared to the Alc group. The content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver, heart, spleen, and testis were significantly increased in the Alc group compared to the normal group, but these increases were significantly decreased in the AFAG group. The content of liver zinc was decreased in the Alc group and it was significantly increased in the AFAG group, which suggested that the lipid peroxidation contents are inversely correlated with the liver zinc content. The hepatic glutathione concentration was significantly decreased in the Alc group, but this content was significantly increased in the AFAG group, and it showed the antioxidant ability of glutathione. These activities were also compared to the standard silymarin drug treatment. Thus, the findings of the present study indicated the significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity of Monascus-fermented Angelica gigas Nakai against ethanol-induced toxicity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Zizyphus jujuba seed extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipids in the serum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in serum were significantly higher in the STZ (55mg/kg B.W.)-induced diabetic group (group 2) and STZ (I.P.)+ Zizyphus jujuba seed extract group (group 3) than those in the control group (group 1, basal diet + water). But the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, TG and PL in serum were remakably lower in the group 3 than those in the group 2. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, Zizyphus jujuba seed extract administration group (group 3) were higher percentage than in the group 2. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were rather lower in the Zizyphus jujuba seed extract administration group (group 3) than in the STZ- induced diabetic group (group 2). From the above results, it was suggested that the Zizyphus jujuba seed were effective on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in serum of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, in Zizyphus jujuba seed was effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in adult disease.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.358-363
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• 2014

Herbs have active components that promote the growth rate of both animals and human. The KI-180 and KI-188 calcium food formulae contain Acanthopanacis cortex, Bombysis corpus and hoelen, seaweed calcium, chlorella extract, spirulina, colostrum powder, and other natural and functional components. We evaluated the growth-promoting effects of these formulae by analyzing the weight, femur and backbone, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) of growing rats. Growing rats administered with KI-180 and KI-188 calcium showed the increase of body weight, body length, and femur weight and length of growing rats. In addition, administration of KI-180 and KI-188 calcium increased the alkaline phosphatase activity, the levels of osteocalcin and the growth hormones IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 of growing rats. The impact of KI-180 and KI-188 calcium on the physical development of growing rats suggests that the incorporation of these food formulae in the diets of growing children may promote the physical development.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2010

Crytocaryon irritans infection of rock bream was investigated in embankment fish farm from July to December 2009. Prevalence variation was 20.0~88.0% that was high in september and was low in July. While no mortality was found in July and August, it occurred after mid september. Environmental conditions during the survey period were water temperature $19.3{\sim}24.3^{\circ}C$, dissolved oxygen $5.0{\sim}7.1\;mg\;L^{-1}$ and salinity 31.9~33.7 psu, and the water temperature during mortality season was $24.0^{\circ}C$. External symptom of the rock bream was secretion mucus but swimming showed fine in the early infected period. While, the symptoms in the severe outbreak season were excess of mucus, falling off tail and congestion, bleeding spot the surface and weakened swimming. We observed free living and parasitic stages in the gills and body surface of rock bream. Hepato somatic index (HSI) was $1.9{\pm}1.1{\sim}3.5{\pm}1.7%$, which was low in the September being mortality season but was high in November. The percentages of hematocrit infected with Crytocaryon irritans were 37.3% and 41.0% in July and August, respectively while they gradually decreased to 32.1% and 24.2% in september and October, respectively. Total cholesterol and Triglyceride values rapidly decreased by October. After mortality, AST and ALT were 7 and 5 folds higher compared to non-mortality season.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.472-479
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• 2002

The antimicrobial effects of metabolites from isolated strains from feces of Korean newborn baby and from Dongchimi against six food-borne microorganisms, and characteristics of the metabolites were investigated.. The metabolites from isolated strains adjusted pH to 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 showed strong growth inhibition against S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis. The metabolites has kept its inhibition activities to the pathogens after catalase, trypsin or pepsin treatment. In addition, antimicrobial activity of metabolites was not decreased by heat treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. D2 and F35-2 strains were confirmed homofermentative and F20-3 was heterofermentative bacteria identified by final organic acid and gas production. The amount of lactic acid produced by D2 and F35-2 strains after 24 h of incubation was 1.84 and 1.85% respectively, but F20-3 strain produced acetic acid (0.22%) and lactic acid (0.91%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1350-1357
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• 2000

Traditional Kochujang was prepared adding horseradish or mustard powder to repress the gas formation which used to cause swelling problem during distribution. The koji for Kochujang was prepared by the strains which had high amylase and protease activities with superior flavor. The gas production from Kochujang during fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$ was ceased after stopping yeast growth completely by bactericidal components from $0.6{\sim}1.2%(w/w)$ of horseradish or mustard addition. Total viable bacterial count was not affected by adding horseradish or mustard. The amino type nitrogen content in Kochujang, which was one of the most important parameters in quality of Kochujang, increased continually during fermentation. The Kochujang fermented by P-2 isolate and added with mustard was significantly higher in amino type nitrogen content than other treatments after 120 days' fermentation. ${\alpha}-Amylase$ activity was very low while ${\beta}-amylase$ activity was high in Kochujang fermented by adding horseradish and mustard powder. The protease(acid and neutral) activities gradually increased by fermentation with no difference between treatments. The color and flavor were not different, but overall palatability of the Kochujang evaluated by sensory test showed significantly high rank in Kochujang fermented by P-2 isolate and with horseradish.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.580-587
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• 2006

As PDA, IMT-2000, and e-Book are developed and popular in these days, the number of users who use these products has been increasing. However, available memory size of these machines is still smaller than that of desktop PCs. In these products, TrueType fonts have been increased in demand because the number of users who want to use good quality fonts has increased, and TrueType fonts are of great use in Windows CE products. However, TrueType fonts take a large portion of available device memory, considering the small memory sizes of mobile devices. Therefore, it is required to reduce the size of TrueType fonts. In this paper, two-phase compression techniques are presented for the purpose of reducing the sire of hangul bitmap data embedded in TrueType fonts. In the first step, each character in bitmap is divided into initial consonant, medial vowel, and final consonant, respectively, then the character is recomposed into the composite bitmap. In the second phase, if any two consonants or vowels are determined to be the same, one of them is removed. The TrueType embedded bitmaps in Hangeul Wanseong (pre-composed) and Hangul Johab (pre-combined) are used in compression. By using our compression techniques, the compression rates of embedded bitmap data for TrueType fonts can be reduced around 35% in Wanseong font, and 7% in Johab font. Consequently, the compression rate of total TrueType Wanseong font is about 9.26%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 2004

The monacolin K content was determined to investigate the stability of monacolin K from red yeast rice after heating (20∼8$0^{\circ}C$), adjusting the pH (2∼8) by adding 3 N HCl or 3 N NaOH, adding the organic acid (6.0% acetic acid, 0.6% citric acid, 1.5% lactic acid) to pH 4.0 and adding the water (0∼80%). And the monacolin K was isolated from red yeast rice by conducting open column chromatography using neutral aluminum oxide. As a result, the stability of monacolin K decreased with increasing the temperature. The stability for pH was in the order of the unadjusted pH (pH 5.9)>8>4 and pH 2>10. The stability for organic acid was high in the order of lactic acid>citric acid>acetic acid, and the stability of monacolin K under acid was different according to the acid type. The degradation rate of monacolin K increased with increasing the water content. Moreover monacolin K was able to isolate from red and pink pigments as well as the other noncoloric compounds in red yeast rice. The yield of monacolin K was found to be 70%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.426-432
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• 1991

To investigate the effect of the unsaturated plant oil on the normal liver and lipid metabalism rats were fed the daily dose of 1.57ml/kg body weight of perilla oil (Iodine value 190~207), corn oil (Iodine value 115~130) and olive oil (Iodine value 80~85) respectively for 28 days. The results were as follows. For the 14 days the test groups showed normal weight gain with 7.86~20.89% increase rate. In the period of the 3rd and the 4th week the increase rate of the perilla oil group was decreased significantly under 17.53~13.8% of control level, but the remainders(corn oil, olive oil) keep normal. The feeding of corn and olive oil for 28 days did show any harmful effect on normal GOT, GPT activity, ALK-P, serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride value of rat. The perilla oil feeding for 21~28 days slightly increased the GOT, GPT activity as 174.87, 93.46u but decreased the cholesterol and triglycerids value as 54.6~0.36mg/dl compared to control. In the pathological finding of test group liver some rats in 28 days feeding group showed reactive vesicula nuclei in corn oil group and mild fatty metamorphosis in olive oil group. But most subjects did not show any characterized sign of acute or subacute liver damage.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

This study focused on the synthesis of the nickel hydroxide using ammonium sulfate in leaching solution from waste nickel-cadmium batteries. The effect of pH, temperature and the input amount of ammonium sulfate in leaching solution was investigated. The ammonium nickel sulfate with high purity was obtained in acidic leaching solution and the solution temperature of $60^{\circ}C$. The suitable molar ratio of the input amount of ammonium sulfate to nickel in solution is 2:1. The impurity about 1.4 at.% of Cd was included in the nickel hydroxide precipitates when ammonium nickel sulfate was used. At the process using sodium sulfide which precipitates the cadmium in solution, nickel and iron compounds were precipitated together.