• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.131-152
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• 2007

The purpose in this study was to develope the concept maps of sub-units included in 'resource management and environment' area of Home Economics(HE) as an advance organizer after analyzing the overlapped and connected contents between HE textbooks and those of other subject matters(Ethics, Social Studies, Sciences, and Physical Education) taught in the middle schools. The results of this study were as follows. First, the unit of 'resource facilitation and environment' of HE is dealt in Ethics. Specifically the overlapped content in this unit between HE and Ethics is the content of the savings of resources, recycling, and environment conservation. The unit of 'work and time of youth' is dealt in Ethics and Science. The overlapped content of this unit is that of the concept of 'work'. While Ethics focuses on the general concept of work, Science focuses on the scientific concept of work. Home Economics doesn't focus on the concept of work but on how to manage the work. In the unit of the 'adolescents and their consumption', there are many overlapped contents among three subject matters, HE, Ethics and Social Studies. Second, the 7 concept maps were developed by following the steps: (1) confirming the learning objectives presented in the 'resource management and environment' area of HE; (2) identifying the overlapped and connected contents between HE and other subject matters(Eethics, Social Studies, Sciences, and Physical Education); (3) organizing the overlapped and connected contents between HE textbooks and those of other subject matters.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 2014

The term "objectification" has various definitions or perspectives. Nevertheless, it's pursued commonly by groups from various perspectives who emphasize the activities of becoming aware of a process as a totality, realizing that transformations can act on that totality, that is, turning processes into object. The purpose of this study is to identify how students objectify the concept of repetition regarding permutation and combination and find difficulties of objectification focusing on teacher's and students' discourse from common emphasis on previous researches associated with objectification. Students objectified the concept of repetition by replacing talk about processes with talk about objects regarding repetition and using discursive forms that presented phenomena in an impersonal way. The difficulties of objectification were derived from close linkage between the way of using keywords regarding repetition and everyday language.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to deduct implications for national curriculum and textbook by analysing the duplicated contents and sequence between science and technology home economics subjects of the 2009 revised middle school curriculum. For duplication analysis, overlapped achievement standards and themes were examined by comparing the science and technology home economics curricular. Next, analysis of duplicated concepts is performed by comparing science and technology home economics textbooks through the concept map. The result of analyses of the achievement standards showed 4 standards related with 'digestion', 'energy' were duplicated. The other results of studying duplicated contents in textbooks suggested overlapped concepts(terms) were existed as following: digestion(22 contents), Energy(9 contents). In science textbook, the duplicated concept is usually described in detail. In contrast, the technology home economics textbook explain the duplicated concept briefly with providing various type of examples and cases. There are differences of using terminology between two subject textbooks. The findings of this study may provide educational insights into teaching of the duplicated contents between science and technology home economics.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

The system optimization is a technique that changes the structure of the program in order to extract the duplicated modules without changing the source code, reuse of the extracted module. Structure-oriented development and object-oriented development are efficient at crosscutting concern modular, however can't be modular of crosscutting concept. To apply the crosscutting concept in an existing system, there is a need to a extracting technique for distributed system optimization module within the system. This paper proposes a method for extracting the redundant modules in the completed system. The proposed method extracts elements that overlap over a source code analysis to analyze the data dependency and control dependency. The extracted redundant element is used to program dependency analysis for the system optimization. Duplicated dependency analysis result is converted into a control flow graph, it is possible to produce a minimum crosscutting module. The element extracted by dependency analysis proposes a system optimization method which minimizes the duplicated code within system by setting the crosscutting concern module.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 2011

Clustering is a process of grouping similar or relevant documents into a cluster and assigning a meaningful concept to the cluster. By this process, clustering facilitates fast and correct search for the relevant documents by narrowing down the range of searching only to the collection of documents belonging to related clusters. For effective clustering, techniques are required for identifying similar documents and grouping them into a cluster, and discovering a concept that is most relevant to the cluster. One of the problems often appearing in this context is the detection of a complex concept that overlaps with several simple concepts at the same hierarchical level. Previous clustering methods were unable to identify and represent a complex concept that belongs to several different clusters at the same level in the concept hierarchy, and also could not validate the semantic hierarchical relationship between a complex concept and each of simple concepts. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a new clustering method that identifies and represents complex concepts efficiently. We developed the Hierarchical Overlapping Clustering (HOC) algorithm that modified the traditional Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering algorithm to allow overlapped clusters at the same level in the concept hierarchy. The HOC algorithm represents the clustering result not by a tree but by a lattice to detect complex concepts. We developed a system that employs the HOC algorithm to carry out the goal of complex concept detection. This system operates in three phases; 1) the preprocessing of documents, 2) the clustering using the HOC algorithm, and 3) the validation of semantic hierarchical relationships among the concepts in the lattice obtained as a result of clustering. The preprocessing phase represents the documents as x-y coordinate values in a 2-dimensional space by considering the weights of terms appearing in the documents. First, it goes through some refinement process by applying stopwords removal and stemming to extract index terms. Then, each index term is assigned a TF-IDF weight value and the x-y coordinate value for each document is determined by combining the TF-IDF values of the terms in it. The clustering phase uses the HOC algorithm in which the similarity between the documents is calculated by applying the Euclidean distance method. Initially, a cluster is generated for each document by grouping those documents that are closest to it. Then, the distance between any two clusters is measured, grouping the closest clusters as a new cluster. This process is repeated until the root cluster is generated. In the validation phase, the feature selection method is applied to validate the appropriateness of the cluster concepts built by the HOC algorithm to see if they have meaningful hierarchical relationships. Feature selection is a method of extracting key features from a document by identifying and assigning weight values to important and representative terms in the document. In order to correctly select key features, a method is needed to determine how each term contributes to the class of the document. Among several methods achieving this goal, this paper adopted the $x^2$�� statistics, which measures the dependency degree of a term t to a class c, and represents the relationship between t and c by a numerical value. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the HOC algorithm, a series of performance evaluation is carried out by using a well-known Reuter-21578 news collection. The result of performance evaluation showed that the HOC algorithm greatly contributes to detecting and producing complex concepts by generating the concept hierarchy in a lattice structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.274-277
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• 2012

중복 제거(De-duplication) 기법은 파일시스템 내에서 동일한 내용의 데이터 블록이나 파일의 중복을 제거하여 유일한 내용만을 보관함으로써, 저장장치의 낭비를 막을 수 있다. 상반된 개념으로 결함극복을 위하여 동일한 파일시스템이나 시스템 구성요소를 복제(이중화)함으로써, 일부 시스템 결함시 복제(이중화)된 다른 시스템을 이용하여 신뢰성과 가용도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 그러나 결함 극복을 위한 파일시스템의 이중화는 저장장치의 낭비화 복제된 파일시스템의 일치성 유지에 비용이 소요된다. 본 논문에서는 일정 수준의 가용도를 유지하기 위한 중복제거 기법을 제안하고 성능을 평가하였다. 제안하는 고가용도 중복제거 기법에서는 요구되는 가용도를 유지할 수 있는 범위내에서 중복을 제거하며, 필요에 따라 선택적으로 중복을 유지할 수 있도록 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.84-86
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• 2000

연관 규칙 마이닝 과정에 참조되는 일반 개념 계층은 개념간의 명확한 관계만을 표현한다. 실제로는 개념 사이의 관계가 애매한 경우가 많다. 이 논문에서는 개념간의 애매한 관계까지 반영할 수 있는 퍼지 개념 계층을 이용하여 일반화된 연관 규칙을 마이닝하는 방법을 제안한다. 퍼지 개념 계층에서의 하위 개념을 상위 개념으로 적절하게 반영하는 방법과 마이닝된 연관 규칙에서 중복되는 규칙의 가지치기(pruning)에 사용되는 측도를 소개한다. 또한 퍼지 개념 계층을 이용한 일반화된 연관 규칙 마이닝 방법의 응용성을 보이기 위해 실험 과정과 결과를 보인다.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.8 s.315
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• pp.68-69
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• 1995

붕괴위험이 깔린 아파트에서 사는 것은 미필적 고의에 의한 자살기도가 아닌가. 고층건물 비상계단, 자동차 스페어타이어, 기념사진 두번찍기, 정ㆍ부통령 한 비행기 안타기 등은 안전을 위한 중복성 공학의 개념으로 볼 수 있다. 이번 삼풍 참사를 보면서 안전의 중요성을 깨닫고 중복성 공학의 도입이 절실하다는 것을 느꼈다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2000

One Problem of the choice Property in logit model is interpreted as the Problem of common links and common nodes in choice set. Common node Problem Plays important role in deciding the efficiency of network loading and common link problem is connected with choice Problem, both of which are to be solved to improve the logit choice model. Although much need has been pointed out for research on the topic, however, no Paper as yet considers these two factors at the same time. In the Paper we develop a new logit formulation, which is able to ease the logit Problem, widely known as the Problem of IIA(Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives). An example network is used to assess the Proposed model and compare it with other conventional models. From the results, we find out that the model is superior to others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.328-332
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• 2006

소비자의 요구가 다양해지면서 많은 기업들이 관리해야 할 제품의 종류가 지난 몇 년간 급격히 늘어났다. 이에 한 제품에 대해 다양한 품목군을 유지해야 할 필요성이 제기되었으며, 전통적인 BOM(Bill of Material)으로 다양한 제품을 표현하기에는 막대한 양의 데이터가 발생하여 관리상의 어려움이 생기며, 데이터의 구성에도 중복성의 문제가 발생하게 되는 등의 한계가 드러남에 따라 다양한 제품군을 자체적으로 반영할 수 있는 Variant BOM의 개념 및 설계 방법론이 주목을 받고 있다. Variant BOM은 동일한 제품군에 대해 일부 구성품을 달리하여 구현한 다양한 제품을 반영하는 BOM의 한 종류로서 산업에서의 활용도가 높은 편이나, 여기에도 데이터의 중복성이나 Variant의 정도가 많아지면 관리에 어려움이 생기는 등의 몇 가지 단점을 내포하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Variant Bill of Material을 대상으로 기존 연구들의 문제점을 분석하고 이를 해결하기 위하여 BOM에 좌표개념을 도입한 새로운 접근법을 제시한다. 이를 통해 BOM의 Structure와 Part를 분리시켰고, Linking Table을 통해 Structure와 Part를 연결하여 기존의 Variant BOM에 있던 문제들을 해결하였다.