• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 1994

To better understand the fundamental problems of the true micro-damage in medium-grained granite under uniaxial compressive stress, micro-damage localization, initiation and propagation have been observed in a great detail in contact portion of two grains such as quartz and feldspar. For this purpose, new experimental system allowing us to observe the micro-damaging process continuously was developed. Earlier studies used the specimens of unloaded state and it is difficult to visualize stress-induced microcracks under unloading state. Thus, direct observation under loading state is very important for understanding the true micro-damage process. The results explain well the mechanism of micro-damage at two grains, and mechanics of the micro-damage is clarified well by Hertzian fracture mechanics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.07a
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• pp.338-339
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• 2017

안쪽번짐과 가쪽번짐이란 발목을 $90^{\circ}$중립자세가 되게하고 발 안쪽면과 바깥쪽면으로 구부리는 것을 말한다. 안쪽번짐의 각은 $20{\sim}35^{\circ}$가 정상이고 가쪽번짐의 각은 $10{\sim}20^{\circ}$가 정상이다. 발의 안쪽번짐과 가쪽번짐의 각이 정상치에 미달하거나 고통을 호소하면 이상이 있는 것이다. 따라서 그에 알맞은 치료법도 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.10c
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• pp.598-600
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• 2002

Web Services가 차세대 e-Business를 주도할 것으로 많은 주목을 받으면서 XML(extensible Markup Language)을 기반으로 하여 폭넓게 성장해 가고 있다. 하지만 안전한 서비스의 측면에서 Web Services 는 폐쇄환경에서는 존재하지 않았던 새로운 보안 고려사항들을 부각시키고 있다. 이에 대한 해결을 위해 본 논문에서는 XML을 기반으로 하는 Web Services의 특성에 맞추어, 플랫폼 독립적이며 언어 중립적인 특징을 유지한 XML-Signcryption을 제안하는데, 이것은 논리적으로 한번에 전자 서명과 암호화를 함께 수행하도록 하여 기존의 서명 후 암호화에서 요구되는 계산 비용보다 더 적은 비용을 가지고 있는 Zheng의 Signcryption 기법을 XML 보안에 응용한 것이다. 본 논문에서 처음으로 XML 구문 형식을 따라 XML-Signcryption이란 명칭으로 설계하여 제안하는 XML-Signcryption은 암호화와 전자서명을 따로 구현한 W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)의 XML-Encryption이나 XML-Signature 스펙과 비교해, 전자서명과 암호화의 두 가지 보안 메커니즘을 위한 각각의 구현을 따로 할 필요 없이 한번에 할 수 있다는 면에서 개발자들에게 편리성을 제공할 뿐만 아니라 계산 비용 측면에서도 효율적인 장점을 제공한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.490-491
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• 2019

Inversion and Eversion of the foot means that the ankle is in a $90^{\circ}$ neutral position and bends to the inside and outside of the foot, respectively. The angle of the inversion of the foot is extremely normal from 20 to 35 degrees, and the angle of the ankle is 10 to 20 degrees. If the angle of foot Inversion and Eversion are below normal values or accompanied by sore pain, there is a problem.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

A series of two-dimensional (2D) finite element analyses have been performed to study the behaviour of single piles in consolidating ground. The analysis was conducted based on coupled analyses by considering changes of pore water pressure in the clay. In the analyses the soil slippage at the pile and the soil interface has been included. The method widely used in practice somewhat overestimates dragload by about 25% compared to the rigorous numerical analysis since partial mobilization of skin friction near neutral plane and reductions in the vertical soil stress is not incorporated. When soil slip develops at most of the pile length at the pile-soil interface during consolidation, further increases in dragload is not significant. Application of coating on the pile surface can reduce dragload and pile settlement substantially, but under an axial load on the pile head very large pile settlement can be developed unless pile tip is located to a stiff bearing layer.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.703-709
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• 2002

In order to investigate the smoke movement in three dimensional room fires, the center fire, wall fire and corner fire plume in different sized fires were studied experimentally by rectangular pool fire using methanol as a fuel. As the fire size became larger for the center fires placed at the center of the floor, the air flow rate entrained through the opening, average hot layer temperature, flame angle deflected backwards and mean flame height was observed to increase. On the other hand, as the fire size became smaller, the neutral plane height in the door and time reached steady-state was observed to decrease. The average hot layer temperature, mean flame height and doorway neutral plane height obtained from comer fire were higher than those produced by wall fires and center fires. The simple model for describing the effect of walls on the mean flame height was presented. It was shown that the model provides a good description of the present measurements, when used with the assumption by Hansell(1993), that the increase of the average flame height is equal to the ratio of the open to the total perimeters of the trays. Also the two models for predicting the effects of walls on the mean flame height were presented. These models overestimated the measured values of the mean flame height above fuel trays close to a wall and in a corner by approximately 19-26%, respectively.

• Composites Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2003

This paper is concerned with the performance evaluation and comparison analysis fur several kinds of LIPCA (Lightweight Piezo-Composite Actuator) device system. LIPCA device system is composed of a piezoelectric ceramic layer and fiber reinforced light composite layers, typically a PZT ceramic layer was sandwiched by a top fiber layer with low CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) and base layers with high CTE. To investigate the effect of lay-up structure of the LIPCA on the actuating performance, four kinds of actuator with different lay-up stacking sequence were designed, manufactured, and tested. The performance of each actuator was evaluated using an actuator test system consisted of an actuator supporting jig, a high voltage actuating power supplier, and a non-contact laser measuring system. From the comparison of the performance of the LIPCA prototypes, it was found that the actuator with higher coefficient of unimorph actuator can generate larger actuating displacement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2020

In light of SARS-CoV-2's significant impact, human society has experienced rapid changes in lifestyle that it has not yet experienced before. One way this virus has influenced people's lives is the emergence of the zero-contact society, an initiative for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. As can be seen, the social impact of COVID-19 is widespread. Various issues, such as those about government policy, personal information protection, and health care, are affecting society as a whole. At the same time, factual information is difficult to track and record because of the rapid and transient nature of related events and issues. As such, a method of effectively describing COVID-19 and real-time information is necessary. The "COVID-19: Our Memory" project is an attempt to record the sociocultural impact of the coronavirus infection. This project collects major events and issues classified into several subjects, records those events from a neutral point of view, and develops a digital archive so that all records are accessible. All the data collected and built through the project, the application, including the source code and visualization, are all published to bring about new opportunities for collaboration.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.65-74
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• 2005

The negative skin friction on piles, which are installed in currently consolidating soft deposits, creates significant problems on the stability of pile foundations. This study investigated whether or not the pile foundation designs were appropriate in soft deposits with large amount of consolidation settlement. The final settlements of the grounds along the pile depth were estimated by the soil parameters obtained from the laboratory tests and by the field-measured settlement curves, if they were available. The displacement of the piles along the pile depth was estimated by both the load transfer method and the numerical method. Both methods gave similar locations of neutral planes and magnitudes of the maximum axial forces on the piles. The movements of the ground and the piles were compared to calculate the down drag acting on piles. For the piles whose bearing capacities were less than the design loads including the down drag, slip layer coatings and/or incrementing of the pile penetration depth into the bearing stratum were proposed to improve the pile capacities.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3A
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• pp.447-455
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• 2006

A general purpose of 4-node co-rotational resultant shell element is developed for the solution of nonlinear problems of reinforced concrete, steel and fiber-reinforced composite structures. The formulation of the geometrical stiffness presented here is defined on the mid-surface by using the second order kinematic relations and is efficient for analyzing thick plates and shells by incorporating bending moment and transverse shear resultant forces. The present element is free of shear locking behavior by using the ANS (Assumed Natural Strain) method such that the element performs very well as thin shells. Inelastic behaviour of concrete material is based on the plasticity with strain hardening and elasto-plastic fracture model. The plasticity of steel is based on Von-Mises Yield and Ivanov Yield criteria with strain hardening. The transverse shear stiffness of laminate composite is defined by an equilibrium approach instead of using the shear correction factor. The proposed formulation is computationally efficient and versitile for most civil engineering application and the test results showed good agreement.