• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.75-76
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• 2001

순환식 펄라이트재배에서 배액 재사용을 위한 양분흡수 모델링을 작성하고자 EC 처리(1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7 dSㆍm-1)를 수행하였다. 생육 중기까지 EC 수준에 따른 양액흡수량은 차이가 없었지만 중기 이후 EC가 높을수록 흡수량이 감소되는 경항을 보였다(Fig. 1). NO$_3$-N, P 및 K의 흡수량은 생육기간 동안 처리간 차이를 유지하였는데 N과 K는 생육 중기 이후 일정 수준을 유지하였으나 P는 생육기간 동안 다소 증가되는 경향을 보였다. S의 흡수량은 생육 중기 이후 모든 처리에서 급격한 감소를 보였으며 생육 후기에는 처리간에 차이가 없었다(Fig. 2). 오이의 무기이온 흡수율에서와 같이 흡수량에서도 EC간 차이를 보여 EC를 무기이온 흡수량을 추정하는 요소로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 무기이온 흡수량은 모든 EC 처리간에 생육 초기에는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 생육중기 이후에는 뚜렷한 차이를 보인 후 생육 후기의 높은 농도에서 그 차이가 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 단위일사량에 따른 양액흡수량과 EC를 주된 변수로 한 오이의 이온 흡수량 예측 회귀식을 작성하였는데 모든 무기이온 흡수량 추정식의 상관계수는 S를 제외한 모든 이온에서 높게 나타났는데 특히 N, P, K 및 Ca에서 높았다. S이온에서의 상관계수는 0.47로 낮게 나타났으나 각 이온들의 회귀식에 대한 상관계수는 모두 1% 수준에서 유의성을 보여 위의 모델식을 순환식 양액재배에서 무기이온 추정식으로 사용이 가능할 것으로 생각되었다(Table 1). 이를 이용한 실측치와의 비교는 신뢰구간 1%내에서 높은 정의상관을 보여 실제적인 적용이 가능할 것으로 생각되었다(Fig 3)..ble 3D)를 바탕으로 MPEG-4 시스템의 특징들을 수용하여 구성되고 BIFS와 일대일로 대응된다. 반면에 XMT-0는 멀티미디어 문서를 웹문서로 표현하는 SMIL 2.0 을 그 기반으로 하였기에 MPEG-4 시스템의 특징보다는 컨텐츠를 저작하는 제작자의 초점에 맞추어 개발된 형태이다. XMT를 이용하여 컨텐츠를 저작하기 위해서는 사용자 인터페이스를 통해 입력되는 저작 정보들을 손쉽게 저장하고 조작할 수 있으며, 또한 XMT 파일 형태로 출력하기 위한 API 가 필요하다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 XMT 형태의 중간 자료형으로의 저장 및 조작을 위하여 XML 에서 표준 인터페이스로 사용하고 있는 DOM(Document Object Model)을 기반으로 하여 XMT 문법에 적합하게 API를 정의하였으며, 또한, XMT 파일을 생성하기 위한 API를 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제공된 API는 객체기반 제작/편집 도구에 응용되어 다양한 멀티미디어 컨텐츠 제작에 사용되었다.x factorization (NMF), generative topographic mapping (GTM)의 구조와 학습 및 추론알고리즘을소개하고 이를 DNA칩 데이터 분석 평가 대회인 CAMDA-2000과 CAMDA-2001에서 사용된cancer diagnosis 문제와 gene-drug dependency analysis 문제에 적용한 결과를 살펴본다.0$\mu$M이 적당하며, 초기배발달을 유기할 때의 효과적인 cysteamine의 농도는 25~50$\mu$M인 것으로 판단된다.N)A(N)/N을 제시하였다(A(N)=N에 대한 A값). 위의 실험식을 사용하여 헝가리산 Zempleni 시료(15%

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.649-657
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• 2006

Reinforcement Learning is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent take an action which maximize the total amount of reward it receives among possible actions within current state when interacting with a uncertain environment. Q-learning, one of the most active algorithm in Reinforcement Learning, is consist of rewards which is obtained when an agent take an action. But it has the problem with mapping real world to discrete states. When state spaces are very large, Q-learning suffers from time for learning. In constant, when the state space is reduced, many state spaces map to single state space. Because an agent only learns single action within many states, an agent takes an action monotonously. In this paper, to reduce time for learning and complement simple action, we propose the Q-learning using influence map(QIM). By using influence map and adjacent state space's learning result, an agent could choose proper action within uncertain state where an agent does not learn. When this paper compares simulation results of QIM and Q-learning, we show that QIM effects as same as Q-learning even thought QIM uses 4.6% of the Q-learning's state spaces. This is because QIM learns faster than Q-learning about 2.77 times and the state spaces which is needed to learn is reduced, so the occurred problem is complemented by the influence map.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.463-467
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• 2009

Interspecific hybrid plants between Allium cepa L. (2n=2X=16) and A. fistulosum L. (2n=2X=16)and their backcross lines were developed by artificial pollination in order to introduce new desirable characters of A, cepa to A. fistulosum. The 2C nuclear DNA content has been estimated by flow cytometry in 5 Allium fistulosum inbreed lines, 2 interspecific hybrid lines of A. cepa${\times}$A. fistulosum and 34 their backcross lines $BC_1F_1$ to $BC_2F_2$, using propidium iodide (PI) as a fluorescence dye. Estimated 2C DNA values ranged from 22.2 pg to 23.7 pg in 5 A. fistulosum inbreed lines, 37.9 pg in F1 hybrid between A. cepa and A. fistulosum, 24.3 pg to 27.3 pg in 7 backcross lines in $BC_1F_1$, 21.9 pg to 24.4 pg in 9 $BC_1F_2$, 22.9 pg to 25.1 pg in 14 $BC_2F_1$, 22.6 pg to 23.4 pg in 4 $BC_2F_2$. This study showed mean 2C nuclear DNA content of $F_1$ hybrid was higher than their backcross progeny lines, while it was lower than female parental line, A. cepa (2C DNA=33.2 pg). Mean 2C DNA content of backcross lines, $BC_1F_1$ to $BC_2F_2$ was not significantly different but their 2C DNA contents in the more progress generation from $BC_1F_1$ to $BC_2F_2$ were reduced.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.40-53
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• 2018

In smart card data, movement of railway passengers appears in order of smart card terminal ID. The initial terminal ID holds information on the entering station's tag-in railway line, the final terminal ID the exit station tag-out railway line, and the middle terminal ID the transfer station tag subway line. During the past, when the metropolitan city rail consisted of three public corporations (Seoul Metro, Incheon Transit Corporation, and Korail), OD data was expressed in two metrics of initial and final smart card terminal ID. Recently, with the entrance of private corporations like Shinbundang Railroad Corporation, and UI Corporation, inclusion of entering transfer line terminal ID and exiting transfer line terminal ID as part of Chain OD has become standard. Exact route construction using Chain OD has thus become integral as basic data for revenue allocation amongst metropolitan railway transport corporations. Accordingly, path detection in railway networks has evolved to an optimal path detection problem using Chain OD, hence calling for a renewed solution method. This research proposes an optimal path detection method between the initial terminal ID and final terminal ID of Chain OD terminal IDs within the railway network. Here, private line transfer TagIn/Out must be reflected in optimal path detection using Chain OD. To achieve this, three types of link-based optimum path detection methods are applied in order of 1. node-link, 2. link-link, 3. link-node. The method proposed based on additional path costs is shown to satisfy the optimal conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.161-176
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• 2022

This study developed an MEA program to which the invention technique was applied and analyzed the conceptual change of students. The MEA activity applying the invention technique (TRIZ) was composed of the topic of making a paper electric circuit in the section 'Using electricity' presented in the 6th grade textbook. As a way to materialize ideas for problem solving, among the TRIZ techniques, division, integration, multi-purpose, overlapping, subtraction, and converse techniques were extracted and applied. The devised program consists of examining invention techniques (1st session), problem-solving (2nd and 3rd sessions), and expressing the problem-solving process (4th session). As a result of applying to 6th grade elementary school students, it was confirmed that the scientific concept of the experimental group participating in the MEA class to which the invention technique was applied was improved compared to the control group participating in the general class. As a result of calculating the scientific concept improvement index, the control group showed a low educational effect of 0.15, and the experimental group showed an intermediate educational effect of 0.69. This study is meaningful in that it suggests a specific way to graft invention education into science subjects.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.823-833
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• 2022

This study aims to improve the runoff modeling accuracy of a basin using Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) model by considering nonhomogeneous characteristics of a basin. By entering classified values according to the various types of land cover and soil to the parameters in HSPF-roughness coefficient (NSUR), infiltration (INFILT), and evapotranspiration (LZETP)- the heterogeneity of the Yongdam Dam basin was reflected in the model. The results were analyzed and compared with the one where the parameters were set as a single value throughout the basin. The flow rate and water quality simulation results showed improved results when classified parameters were used by land cover and soil type than when single values were used. The parameterization changed not only the flow rate, but also the composition ratio of each hydrologic components such as surface runoff, baseflow, and evapotranspiration, which shows the impact of the value set to a parameter on the entire hydrological process. This implies the importance of considering the heterogeneous characteristics of the land cover and soil of the basin when setting the parameters in a model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.459-469
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• 2010

This study is to develop a grid-based daily runoff model considering seasonal vegetation canopy condition. The model simulates the temporal and spatial variation of runoff components (surface, interflow, and baseflow), evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture contents of each grid element. The model is composed of three main modules of runoff, ET, and soil moisture. The total runoff was simulated by using soil water storage capacity of the day, and was allocated by introducing recession curves of each runoff component. The ET was calculated by Penman-Monteith method considering MODIS leaf area index (LAI). The daily soil moisture was routed by soil water balance equation. The model was evaluated for 930 $km^2$ Yongdam watershed. The model uses 1 km spatial data on landuse, soil, boundary, MODIS LAI. The daily weather data was built using IDW method (2000-2008). Model calibration was carried out to compare with the observed streamflow at the watershed outlet. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.78~0.93. The watershed soil moisture was sensitive to precipitation and soil texture, consequently affected the streamflow, and the evapotranspiration responded to landuse type.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.572-577
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• 2009

Large corpus-based concatenating Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems can generate natural synthetic speech without additional signal processing. To prune the redundant speech segments in a large speech segment DB, we can utilize a decision-tree based triphone clustering algorithm widely used in speech recognition area. But, the conventional methods have problems in representing the acoustic transitional characteristics of the phones and in applying context questions with hierarchic priority. In this paper, we propose a new clustering algorithm to downsize the speech DB. Firstly, three 13th order MFCC vectors from first, medial, and final frame of a phone are combined into a 39 dimensional vector to represent the transitional characteristics of a phone. And then the hierarchically grouped three question sets are used to construct the triphone trees. For the performance test, we used DTW algorithm to calculate the acoustic similarity between the target triphone and the triphone from the tree search result. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the size of speech DB by 23% and select better phones with higher acoustic similarity. Therefore the proposed method can be applied to make a small sized TTS.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 2017

Purpose: Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is a rare, autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by early-onset hypotonia associated with brain malformations in dystroglycanopathy. Although the wide spectrum of congenital muscular dystrophies causes difficulty in diagnosis, correlating the genotype with the clinical phenotype can help diagnose FCMD. Here, we evaluated the correlation of targeted molecular genetic analysis of FKTN gene mutation with the FCMD phenotype. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively with 9 subjects. Inclusion criteria included clinical symptoms characterized by early-onset hypotonia with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) featuring brain malformations. FKTN gene-alteration analysis was performed using various FKTN gene-analysis methods, including sequencing. Results: Among the 9 subjects studied, 4 (44.4%) were male and 5 (55.6%) were female. The median age of onset of the first symptom was 3.1 months. The first symptom was a delayed milestone in 6 cases (66.7%). All 9 subjects (100%) presented with early-onset hypotonia and global delayed development. All subjects presented with cortical malformation in their brain MRIs. Of the 9 subjects, 6 subjects had previously undergone muscle biopsy and 4 cases (4/6; 66.7%) showed dystrophic or myopathic features. Pathogenic mutations causing FCMD were identified in 3 cases. Conclusions: In this study, all 3 subjects with FKTN mutations showed important MRI findings (pachygyria and cerebellar dysplasia). These data suggest that patients with characteristic phenotypes who show pachygyria and cerebellar abnormalities in brain MRIs may have a high probability of being diagnosed with FCMD.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2022

This study investigated correlations between egg quality indicators to identify external egg quality traits to predict internal egg quality using non-destructive and convenient measurements. Thirteen indicators, including Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell color (CIE L^*, CIE a^*, CIE b^*), and reflectivity value, egg weight, egg length, egg width, shape index, and yolk color, were investigated. A total of 180 brown eggs were obtained from one 27-week-old flock of Hy-line brown-laying hens raised in a cage system. Correlations were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). The results showed strong correlations between Haugh unit and albumen height, eggshell color CIE L^* and reflectivity, egg weight and width, egg weight and length, eggshell color CIE L^* and CIE a^*, eggshell color CIE a^* and reflectivity, and shape index and egg length (P<0.001). Moderate correlations were observed between eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness, eggshell color CIE a^* and CIE b^*, and shape index and egg width (P<0.001). Eggshell color CIE L^* was correlated with eggshell breaking strength (P<0.01), and eggshell color CIE a^* was correlated with Haugh unit, albumen height (P<0.01), and eggshell breaking strength (P<0.001). The present study showed significant correlations between eggshell color and other quality indicators. Thus, this study suggests that eggshell colors based on reflectiveness and the CIE L^*a^*b^* value can be used to estimate the Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell breaking strength, and thickness.