• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.302-307
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• 2003

Although, in human medicine, strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococi have become the most important causative agents of nosocomial infections, studies on the small animals are very. limited. The aim of this study was to determine mecA gene and susceptibility to antibiotics of staphylococci strains isolated from clinically ill or healthy dogs and cats, during the period August 2002-July 2003. A total of 136 staphylococci (87 coagulase-positive and 49 coagulase-negative) were investigated for antibiotic resistance, using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. The mecA gene was detected using the polymerase chain reaction. The isolates belonged to the species S. aureus (53 isolates), S. intermedius (34 isolates), S. epidermidis (26 isolates) and other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 23 isolates). Of the 136 isolates, 43 (31.6%) were mecA-positive and the frequency of the ,presence of mecA gene varied among the different species. All S. aureus strains were mecA-negative and were found to be susceptible, with an oxacillin MIC $\leq$1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Five (13.6%) isolates of 36 that exhibited oxacillin resistance on the MIC testing were found to be mecA-negative, suggesting not all mecA-positive strains may be an oxacillin resistant. However, the mecA presence of the strains was correlated with high oxacillin resistance: 71.4% (10 isolates of 14; P < 0.001) for mecA-positive S. intermedius and 72.4% (21 isolates of 29; P < 0.001) for mecA-positive CNS isolates. About 69% (94 isolates of 136) showed resistance to at least one drug, and 22.8% (31 isolates) were resistant to four or more different drug classes. Resistance (36 isolates, 71.7%) to penicillin G was a common finidng. This study suggest that the mecA-positive staphylococci are prevalent in small animals, and selection of antibiotics to treat infections caused by mecA-positive staphylococci may be very limited because of multi-drug resistance.

• Plant Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

The national capacity of electricity of Korea was 81,737 MW and the peak demand was renewed by the record of 71,230 MW in 2012 which has been increasing since the first lighting ceremony had taken place in the Royal Palace(Kyung-Bok Goong) in 1887. Aa the counteract on the rapid increasing of the demand, Korean government is constructing and operating the high capacity nuclear and thermal power plants, however, the operating reserve on weekdays is small while those of weekends are more than 40% of capacity, so they are providing the pumped-storage power plants with the surplus electricity during weekends and operating the power plants which cost higher production price and located in the capital area with WSS (Weekly Start and Stop) mode including the Seoul Thermal Power Plant. Since the Seoul Thermal Power Plant is spending huge amount of expenses for more than 30 times of the WSS annually due to the high production cost even though it is in Seoul, the core of the demand, I chose the power plant unit #5 which was on the grid in 1969 for the case to confirm reducing 23% of the warm start-up time by applying the "Start-up time management program", and that reducing 35% of the water temperature increasing time by accelerate the increasing rate of the inlet temperature of the water circulating pump.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.3 s.78
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• pp.186-205
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• 1996

This study was carried out to obtain data concerning the genetic variability of Pleurotus ostreatus. Monospores of P. ostreatus were isolated and cultured to estimate differences in the rate of mycelial growth and genetic similarity among the isolates. Although the overall growth rates were slow compared to their parental dikaryon except 2-MI 4, significant differences in the rate of mycelial growth were observed among isolates. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using twenty six random primers showed 345 polymorphic DNA bands from 35 monospore isolates and their parental dikaryon. DNA bands ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 Kb in size. Most various polymorphic DNA bands within monospore isolates were obtained when we used J (OPA-01) or W (OPB-04). The 36-MI 103 showed totally different band patterns from those of the others. RAPD analysis revealed that there is approximatly 75% genetic similarity between monospore isolates and their parental dikaryon except 36-MI 103, which showed only 49% genetic similarity. In addition, genetic similarity degrees were classified into four groups: I (parental dikaryon), II (fast growing type), III (moderate growing type), and IV (slow growing type). However, there is no correlation between mating type and mycelial growth rates.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.17-43
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the directions of information and communication technology(ICT) education in K-12 based on the analysis of ICT accessibility and utilization levels of Korean students. To this end, we analyzed the trends of Korea and OECD countries by survey period, focusing on the OECD PISA 'ICT familiarity survey' conducted in 2009, 2012 and 2015. The surveyed subjects were 15 year-old students and the analysis method was calculated based on the sampling weights. The results of the analysis of Korean students are as follows: First, ICT accessibility at home increased from 2009 to 2015, but was consistently lower than the OECD average. Second, the overall Internet usage time was lower than the OECD average. The Internet usage time on weekdays increased from 2012 to 2015, but on weekends decreased. Third, the ICT accessibility in schools decreased from 2009 to 2012, and increased in 2015, but was lower than the OECD average in 2015. Fourth, the student age ratio of first time computer usage increased from 2012 to 2015 and the average age for computer usage began before age 6, but was below the OECD average. Lastly, student use of digital devices for items such as Internet searches for entertainment and SNS activity has increased from 2012 to 2015, but the level of everyday use such as e-mail, online chat, program downloading, and reading Internet news has decreased. Based on these results, this study suggested policy plans for the improvement of ICT education for elementary and secondary school students in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.584-588
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic materials, chitosan, wood vinegar, and EM active solution, on soil microbial and growth in Chinese cabbage. The organic materials were treated with chitosan, wood vinegar, and EM (effective microoganism) active solution, and the treatment concentration was 100 times solution and 1,000 times solution level with foliar application. The results are summarized as follows: Among foliar application of organic materials treatment plot[?], with 1,000 times solution level of chitosan was effective in inhibiting microbial growth in Chinese cabbage compared to other plots and control. The microorganism number in the soil for cultivation of Chinese cabbage increased with organic materials treatment plot as compared with control. Especially, 1,000 times solution level of chitosan showed the most significant effect.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1995

Characteristics of Schizandra chinensis BAILLON collected were investigated the development of the new varieties and the results obtained are as follows: Flowering time of Schizandra chinensis varieties were varied from May 6 to 15. In petal base colors 70% were light pinked-colored, 23% were dark pinkcolored and 23% were white-colored respectively and number fruit set per node are 2 to 3 and 60% of plants were flower set and length of diameter of female flower longer than those of male flowers. Among 155 plants investigated, 125 plants showed below 40% of fruit setting and average fruit setting were 26%, 83% of plants were below 12mm, white 17% were above 12.1mm in fruit length, 100 dry fruit weight was 13.2g on average showing significant variation among plants. Average values of major characteristics of populations of collected varieties were 82.5 in number of fruit set, 68.3 in number of fruits 68.3mm in length of fruit set, 22.8mm in width of fruit set, 10.7mm in length of granule 103.1g in dry fruit weight per plants and ratio of dry fruit was 26.8% respectively.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.106-118
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• 2020

This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on traffic demand (Average Daily Traffic : ADT) by analyzing the available data on highway traffic volume and the spread of COVID-19 cases in Korea. This study used the data from 228 permanent traffic counts (PTCs) on highways from January to May of 2019 and 2020 to analyze the change in ADT. The first cases of infection in Korea occurred on January 20, 2020, and the maximum daily number of infections was 909 on February 29. On April 30, 2020, the daily number of infections decreased to four. The ADT decreased by 3.3% due to the impact of COVID-19. Considering that the traffic volume has increased 2.3% annually over the past decade, the actual decrease in ADT due to the COVID-19 is estimated to be 5.6% (3.3% + 2.3%). The ADT for weekends decreased significantly, compared to during the week. An analysis of the changes in ADT according to the road type revealed decreases in the following: urban roads -4.6%, rural roads -3.2%, and recreational roads -0.7%. Urban roads decreased the most, and tourist roads decreased the least.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.419-430
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• 2015

This paper provides a database about the IPTV VOD usage behavior of children as well as mother's perception at home. We analyzed the correlation of mother's background with IPTV VOD using time of children through a survey. We analyzed how does the mother's background influences usage time of IPTV VOD for children through a survey. The survey was conducted by 500 mothers who have two to seven years old children with IPTV users in Korea. Compilation of the data reveals that 1) 36.6% of the children have watched IPTV VOD for the first time at two years old, 93.4% have encountered by family members among them. 40.8% of users have played IPTV VOD for children four days a week and the main genre was the animation. 2) The main reason for watching VOD was by the needs of their children, but the 66% of mothers concern for an excessive level of watching. 3) educational background of mother and monthly house income were significantly correlated with the usage time of IPTV VOD for children.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.799-817
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• 2016

This article aims to reveal the ways in which a "space of difference" is produced and interpret the space as a heterotopic space, drawing the case of Filipino elderly care-givers in Israel. The in-betweens and temporariness of the migrants'experiences in the Israeli society lead to the creation of a heterotopic space. Paying attention to their particular life rhythm as live-in care-givers, namely weekdays-workplace and weekend-flat, this article explores how the migrant care-givers build their own society through a variety of spatial practices and multiple social relations based on the flat. In making the flat a perfect form of a lifestyle for their own, the migrants inscribe their presence in the flat in unique ways for different purposes, in a way different to that which surrounds it. However, the structure of flat not only signifies the migrants' marginality but also reflects the challenging position. The flat has functions in relation to all other space that remains, even if such connection often creates effects of contrast and difference. In this light, the flat is not merely an alienated and circumscibed exotic migrant enclave but a heterotopic space which is dynamically constructed in relation to other sites in the wider societal order.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.231-245
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of staying places by deriving the main staying places of the elderly population in Seoul using public transportation card data. For this reason, we used public transportation card data for 7 days from October 12, 2015 to October 18, 2015. As a result of the analysis, 14 places were extracted as the main staying places. It was divided into 5 groups based on the characteristics of the visiting users and concentration time. Most of the staying places showed that the elderly users who lived near the places visited, but in the case of the group where a large number of elderly users visited had relatively wide range of residential distribution. It was possible to confirm that there was a hierarchy. And the concentration time was displayed differently. Most of the staying places' concentration time was between 10 am and 5 pm. However, in the case of Jegi-dong group and Jamsil group had different concentration time. The results of this research provide necessary suggestions for establishing a public transport policy that considers the main stay spaces of the elderly population in Seoul and the stay characteristics of each stay space.