• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.557-575
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• 2011

This study tried to examine the characteristics of attention deficits in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apenea(OSA) with different age levels, and to examine which indices of polysomnograms might be related to the indices of attention deficits in OSAs. Two age-level groups and a normal control group were subjected to two computerized attention tests, including a continuous performance test(CPT) and a change blindness task(CBT). In addition, the three groups were subjected to a Polysomnography to extract several sub-indicators of polysomnogram, and an Epworth Sleepiness Scale which measures subjective sleepiness. As results, the OSAs showed significantly more omission and commission errors in CPT, and they showed lower accuracy in CBT compared to the normal group. The results of a correlational analysis showed that attention deficits in OSA are significantly correlated with arterial oxygen saturation among sub-indicators of polysomnograms. In conclusion, OSAs seems to be less attentive, having difficulties in response inhibition, and having deficiencies in noticing important environmental changes. Age seems to make these deficiencies even worse. Especially, the relationship between attention deficiency and hypoxia which could cause irreversible cerebrum damage has an implication in cognitive impairment prevention through early treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2002

Objectives：This study was conducted to investigate the effect of oxygen on attention and memory functions in healthy adolescents. Methods：The participant subjects were recruited from local advertisement. All subjects are students attending ordinary middle and high school. Their degree of achievement was average or below average. Before the study, its nature and purpose were fully explained to the patients and their parents, and a written informed consent was obtained from each child's parent and a written assent from each child for entire the procedure. The Ethics Committee and Clinical Research Committee of Gyeongsang National University Hospital approved the protocol. For baseline assessment, all subjects received tests for attention and memory. All tests were conducted by a certified psychologist. Stroop test, continuous performance test and trail making test A and B were used for evaluation of attention. As memory tests, we used memory assessment scale(MAS), standardized memory assessment tools. Ten to fourteen days after initial assessments, same tests was applied to the same subjects after prior 5 minute oxygen inhalation. Results：1) Attention test：Improved performances in trail making part B, and stroop test were found in normobaric oxygen inhalation group compared to air inhalation group. Improved reaction time in those tests seemed to reflect the enhanced executive prefrontal activity. 2) Memory test：More words and digits memorization were found in short-term memory subscale score in MAS in oxygen inhalation group compared to air inhalation group. This finding suggested the improved working memory function after oxygen inhalation. Conclusion：Though interpreted cautiously, these results suggested that normobaric oxygen inhalation could enhance executive function and working memory of prefrontal lobe. Further study, however, should be performed to investigate the mechanism of effects of oxygen on cognitive enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.70-81
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the cognitive performance, emotional and behavioral problems among the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) groups that show the difference between visual and auditory attention. Method : Using 'ADHD Diagnostic System(ADS)', visual attention and auditory attention of 98 children diagnosed as ADHD were measured. According to the omission and commission error of ADS, they were divided into three groups ; 1) the group whose each visual omission and commission error scores were higher than each auditory omission and commission error scores(VV group), 2) the group whose each auditory omission and commission error scores were higher than each visual omission and commission error scores(AA group), 3) the group that was the rest of VV and AA group(M group). And the results of both the subscales of Korean Educational Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(KEDI-WISC) and the subscales of Korean Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) among three groups were compared. Finally, the correlation between the visual omission, visual commission, auditory omission, auditory commission error and the results of KEDI-WISC, K-CBCL were investigated. Results : The results were as follows ; 1) In 98 ADHD children, the number of VV group(N=56) was higher than that of AA (N=10) and M group (N=32). 2) All mean scores of the subscales of KEDI-WISC of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group. The score of verbal IQ(p=.039) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group and the scores of block design(p=.015), Kaufman's factor 2(p=.045), performance IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than those of M group. The score of full IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than that of M and AA group. 3) The mean scores of all K-CBCL subscales of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group, except the score of Somatic complaint subscale. The score of Social subscale(p=.041) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group. The score of Withdrawn subscale(p=.021) of AA group was significantly higher than that of VV group. 4) There were no significant correlation between the scores of visual omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. But, there were many significant correlations between the scores of auditory omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. 5) There were significant correlation between the score of the visual omission error and that of Thought problem subscale(r=.205, p=.043) of K-CBCL. There were significant correlation between the scores of the auditory omission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.319, p=.001), Social problems subscale(r=.206, p=.042), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.021). Finally, there were significant correlation between the scores of auditory commission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.241, p=.017), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.020). Conclusion : The ADHD children whose auditory attention ability were higher than visual attention ability had relatively better cognitive performance and less emotional/behavioral problems than the others. The more comprehensive experiment will be needed about the cognitive performance, emotion and behavior problems of the ADHD children showing the difference between visual and auditory attention.

• 건강소식
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.36-37
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• 2010

지금 당신의 자녀가 좋아하는 컴퓨터 게임은 한 시간이고 두시간이고 집중적으로 몰두하는데 숙제를 하기 위해 책상에 앉으면 채 5분도 못견딘다면? 집중하고 있을 때 외부의 자극에 금방 주의가 흐트러진다면? 특정한 과제나 활동에 필요한 물건들 장난감, 공책, 연필, 책 등의 도구를 자주 잃어버린다면? 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애가 아닌지 의심해봐야 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.129-137
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to investigate the convergence influence of excessive smartphone use on attention deficit, learning environment, and academic procrastination in health college students. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 255 college students in Busan drom March 6 to June 12, 2017. The degree of smartphone overuse, lack of attention, learning environment, and academic procrastination according to smartphone use characteristics showed significant effects on the time spent on smartphones per day, awareness of smartphone addiction, and personal use of smartphones during class time (p<0.001). It was shown that smartphone overuse was positively correlated with attention deficit (r=0.870, p<0.01), learning environment (r=0.812, p<0.01), academic procrastination (r=0.772, p<0.01), and attention deficit showed a positive relationship with learning environment (r=0.918, p<0.01) and academic procrastination (r=0.798, p<0.01) Learning environment was positively correlated with academic procrastination (r=0.777, p<0.01). The influence factors of smartphone overuse were attention deficit (p<0.001), followed by academic delay behavior (p<0.01). It is necessary to establish a healthy learning environment through prevention and proper use of smartphone.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2000

Objectives：Present study developed the computerized ADHD Diagnostic System(ADS) in order to diagnose ADHD and evaluate treatment effect of it, and conducted a standardization study for ADS. Methods：The normative group was composed of 847 children and adolescents between the age of 5 and 15(boy 429, girl 418) living in the areas of Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and Kangwon-do. 30 ADHD children with age ranged 7 to 9 years were participated present study to evaluate the validity of ADS. To establish the norms for diagnosing ADHD, the means and standard deviations of normative group were used to calculate T-scores for each age group. Results：The reliability coefficient of ADS(Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) was .85. There were significant differences in the measures of ADS except commission error between the normal and the ADHD groups. Three factors were extracted through factor analysis of ADS, which were labelled 'inattention', 'slow information processing' and 'impulsivity'. Discriminant analysis showed that ADS significantly discriminate the normal and the ADHD groups. Percentage of correct classification by ADS variables was 96.7%. Conclusion：These results put together strongly support the reliability and validity of ADS as a diagnostic instrument for ADHD.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.291-299
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• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of ADHD, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, impulsivity, suicide idea and quality of life as well as burnout of kindergarten teachers for the first time in Korea. Also, it examined the odds ratio with ADHD, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, impulsivity, suicide idea and quality of life between burnout group and the comparison group through logistic regression analysis. A set of questionnaires was provided to a total of 310 participants (80 with higher burnout risk and 230 without burnout risk) from April 2015 to July 2015. All of participants were evaluated using the Korean Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scales, Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, Baratte' Impulsivity Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Inventory and Qulity of Life Scale. The results of this study indicated that burnout risk group is related to ADHD and anxiety and impulsivity. For the treatment of burnout in kindergarten teachers, effective evaluation and treatment of ADHD and impulsivity, as well as anxiety, seem to be necessary.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.627-633
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of white noise on memory and attention of local community elderly during computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program(COMCOG). 30 elderly subjects were recruited and conveniently allocated into experimental and control group. Experimental group subjects carried out COMCOG with white noise. Control group subjects received COMCOG for 30 minutes, 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Neurocognitive funtion test(CNT) were used to evaluate memory and attention during pre and post. The most CNT outcome at post was significantly improved than the pre outcome in the both group(p<.05). And the experimental group showed significantly difference from control group(p<.05). The result of this study show that the COMCOG with white noise may be appropriate for improving memory and attention in elderly. This will enable the application of COMCOG with white noise in cognitive rehabilitation therapy of local elderly and it will help guide the selection of the therapist as one therapeutic basis

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of attention, intellectual functioning and adaptation of girls with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : The scores of the ADHD Diagnostic System (ADS), the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) and the Korean Personality Inventory for Children (KPI-C) were compared between 26 girls with ADHD and 26 boys with ADHD. Results : 1) There was no significant gender difference in the intellectual functioning, except for the picture completion subscale. 2) Compared to the boys, the girls responded more slowly on the ADS visual task. 3) The girls were rated higher by their parents for the depression and social relationship problems of the KPI-C. Conclusion : The results suggest that there are noticeable gender differences for the attention problems and social functioning of children with ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.221-226
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• 2005

The incidence of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder secondary to the traumatic brain injury, such as traffic accidents, is increasing;the variety of the treatment modality is also increasing. This case was studied to see if OROS Methylphenidate(Concerta), which is one of the most commonly used medication in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients, not only improves the patient's attention, but also their impulsivity, hyperactivity and aggression. According to the case result, the medication showed an improvement of the impulsivity, aggression, and attention in the secondary Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients after the traumatic brain injury.