• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.71
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• pp.194-223
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• 2015

This study explores a value chain structure of TV program including news, drama, and comedy. The purpose of this research focused on factor analysis and the relationship among viewer's program selection motivations. This research explores correlation between personal value and viewing motivation. This study was to identify the value structure of respondent on TV program(news, drama, comedy) based on means-end chain theory. The research used structured APT laddering questions and 251 data was analysed. Through such analysis, category difference by stage and relationship difference were identified and hierarchical value map was compared. There are four different value ladders: first is attributes, functional consequences, psychological consequences, and final value. The result shows that on news program the basic function is viewers are want to visual factor and quickly acquire social news and they pursue a value of personal social relationship. Whereas, on drama program, the viewers are reflected by around person, and they selected a program based on closed related person. In addition, the viewers are influenced by program's social nomination, production's brand in drama, and performer's nomination, producer and program prominence on comedy. The program selection is highly correlated on program selection's credibility, vital energetic life, and social relationship. The results shows that there was no significant difference between low involvement group and high involvement group for main category involvement group respondents.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2007

Characteristics and control activity of copper hydroxide against pepper phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici were investigated in a greenhouse and a pepper field Copper hydroxide strongly inhibited the germination of zoosporangia and zoospores of P. capsici JHCS 2-5, showing $EC_{50}$ value by 0.6 and 0.3 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$. With 1,040 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of copper hydroxide in a greenhouse it showed 80% of the control value by soil-drenching application, while 16% by leaf-spraying. However, when it was treated enough to runoff to soil by leaf-spraying application with 50 ml per a pepper plant, it controlled a pepper phytophthora blight by 94.6 % of control value. Copper hydroxide showed a high protective activity at 1 and 3 days before application, while no curative activity. In a field it showed a high activity of 91%, when pepper plants were treated with copper hydorxide 4 times with a intervals of 10 days.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.320-320
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• 2012

수문학적 의미의 일반적인 물순환은 증발, 응결, 강수 등 태양에너지와 중력에 의해 전지구적으로 반복되는 물의 재생산과정을 의미한다. 최근 들어 토목분야에서 언급되기 시작한 물순환시스템은 수문학적인 물수지(water balance)에 저류, 공급, 처리, 재이용 등 인공적인 요소를 감안하여 대상지역의 적절한 수요, 공급을 유지하는 시스템을 의미한다. 생활에서 물이 차지하는 중요성을 감안할 때, 지역의 수문학적 특성과 문화, 경제적 여건을 고려한 효율적인 물순환시스템의 구축은 지역발전의 정도를 가늠할 수 있는 지표라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 물산업 선진국인 영국과 미국의 지역 물순환시스템 설계사례를 조사하고 초기단계인 국내사례와 비교하여 향후 설계지침 개발의 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 수행되었다. 선진사례 조사는 2009년 이후 미국과 영국에서 수행된 세 건의 물순환 현황조사(water cycle study)와 미국에서 개발된 설계최적화 프로그램을 분석하였고, 국내사례로는 파주운정지구와 광교신도시 개발 시 수행된 물순환시스템 구축사례를 조사하였다. 해외 선진국 사례조사 결과, 물순환시스템 구축은 공통적으로 물순환망 현황조사, 물순환 계획수립, 지역현황 조사, 적용가능 기술조사, 설계 등 5단계를 거쳐 수행되었다. 이 중 가장 중요한 단계는 지역의 물수지와 가용 물 수요 및 공급 시스템을 조사하는 물순환망 현황조사로, 지역의 needs를 정확히 파악하고 양적, 질적 공급목표를 적절하게 선정하여 가장 효율적인 물순환망 계획을 수립하는 바탕이 되었다. 지역현황은 지역 법규 및 투자계획, 사회변화 예측 등 사회적 요소를 고려하는 단계로, 물순환 설계 선진사의 설계 최적화 프로그램의 경우 이러한 지역현황과 사회적 변화 예측의 반영에서 차별성을 갖고 있었다. 적용가능 기술조사의 경우 친환경, 저에너지 기술이 부각되던 추세에서 최근에는 지속가능성이 주요 고려사항 이었다. 국내사업 사례의 경우 규모가 작아 직접적인 비교가 불가하였으나, 5단계의 복잡한 최적화단계가 아닌 물순환망 분석결과와 이해당사자(stakeholders)의 needs를 바탕으로 치수안정성, 친수환경 보장 등의 목표를 수립하였다. 국내에서도 향 후 유역규모(watershed scale)의 대형 물순환기반 복합개발사업이나 대규모 해외사업 참여 시 필요한 기술력 축적의 차원에서 단계별 check list를 포함한 한차원 높은 물순환 설계지침 마련이 필요한 시점이라 하겠다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2013

The study was carried out to obtain the basic information on distribution and occurrence of weeds including resistant weeds to sulfonylurea herbicides in paddy fields of Gyeongbuk province. In weed distribution on life cycle, annual weed was occupied by 91.8% and perennials were 8.2%, respectively. In morphological distribution of weeds, broad leaf weeds were 85.7%, sedges was 9.1%, and grass weed was 3.8%, respectively. Sulfonylurea-resistant weeds in paddy fields of twelve regions were widely occurred except for Yecheon region. The six sulfonylurea resistant biotypes occurred in paddy fields of Gyeongbuk province were Lindernia dubia, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Monochoria vaginalis and Ludwigia prostrata. It revealed that occurrence rate and area of sulfonylurea-resistant weeds were about 15.9 % and 22,420 ha in Gyeongbuk province.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.449-458
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• 2007

Fish community and its temporal-spacial variation in the Lagoon Hwajinpo, Korea were seasonally investigated with different types of fishing gears from November, 2005 to August, 2006. Total 35.812 fishes caught during the period were belonged to 24 families 37 species. Dominant species was H. nipponensis(60.8%), T, hakonensis (19.8%), and K. punctatus (5.5%) ana these species were peripheral freshwater fish. Among 37 species, primary freshwater and seawater fish were 8 species (21.6%), respectively and peripheral freshwater fish were 21 species (56.8%). Total biomass of collected fish was 279.3kg, and biomass of each species was T. hakonensis 152.9 kg, H. nipponensis 40.0 kg, K. punctatus 31.4 kg and C. haematochelius 25.3 kg, respectively. Hence, productivity of the Lagoon Hwajinpo was much higher than those of inland reservoirs. The aspect of community classified by surveyed period was changed according to the 'Breaking-sandbar', but some of peripheral freshwater fish populations made stable community in their life cycle in the lagoon. In conclusion, the Lagoon Hwajinpo seems to be maintained more natural ecosystem better than other lagoons in Korea. Therefore, the findings provide consideration of the management and restoration for this lagoon and others through the continuous observation and monitoring in future.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

한국의 담수에 광범위하게 서식하고 있으면서 역학적으로 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 두 종의 복족류 즉 쇠우렁이(Parafossarulus manchouricus)와 물달팽이(Radix auricularia coreana)의 소화기관 중에서 식도, 소화선 및 장에 대한 미세구조 관찰을 시도하였다. 이 부위들은 간흡충(간디스토마)과간질(소간디스토마)의 유생들이 그들의 생활사 중 거쳐가는 곳으로 알려진 소화관들이어서 이후 흡충류의 유충들이 위의 소화관에 주는 영향을 연구하는데 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행된 것이었다. 관찰해 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 식도의 상피조직은 두 종류에서 공히 원주세포와 원주섬모세포 및 점액분비 세포로 이루어져 있었다. 식도강상피 내에서도 어느 정도의 흡수와 소화가 이루어 지고 있음은 특이한 현상이라 하겠다. 소화선은 두 종에서 공히 복분지 관상선으로서 그 상피는 micovilli를 선강 또는 도관에 연한 유리표면에 가지고 있어 brush boredr을 이루고 있는 원주세포과 원주섬모세포로 구성되어 있었다. 이들 세포들의 내부 구조로 보아 소화세포와 배석세포로 구분할 수 있었다. 장의 상피는 원주세포와 원주섬모세포로 구성되어 있었으며 이들도 장강에 연한 유리표면에는 brush border를 이루고 있었다. 흡수와 분비기능이 활발한 것으로 사료된다. 전반적으로 보아 본 연구에서 관찰한 두 복족류의 소화관은 모든 부위에서 세포의 유리표면에 microvilli를 가지고 있어 물질의 흡수기능을 가지고 있음을 시사해주고 있었고, 이들 세포 중에는 때로 밀집한 cilia를 가지고 있어 소화관 내의 액체물질이나 이에 내포된 미세입자들의 유동을 도와주고 있음을 추측할 수 있었다.)은 결합조직으로 이루어진 근육질의 두꺼운 벽을 가지고 있었으며 내강은 돌출부위에 의해 4부분으로 갈라져 있었다. 내강에 연한 상피는 원주세포로 되어 있었다. 상음경(epiphallus)의 벽은 근섬유 다발은 벽의 외곽으로 갈수록 밀도가 높아졌다. 상부에 내강과 연결되는 함입구조(groove)를 가지며, 내강에 연한 상피는 섬모가 없는 원주세포로 이루어져 있었다. 음경(penis)은 근섬유가 산재된 두꺼운 벽을 가졌으며 상음경보다 굵은 원통형이었다. 내강은 많은 돌출부에 의해 복잡하게 나뉘어 있으며 상피세포는 원주 세포로 이루어져 있었고 섬모는 관찰되지 않았다. 내강 내의 분비물과 세포의 형태로 보아 내강상피세포는 분비기능을 가진 것으로 사료된다.술적 문제가 적절히 해결되는 경우 비활성 가스 제너레이터는 민수용으로는 대형 빌딩, 산림, 유조선 등의 화재에 매우 적절히 사용되어 질 수 있을 뿐 아니라 군사적으로도 군사작전 중 및 공군 기지의 화재 그리고 지하벙커에 설치되어 있는 고급 첨단 군사 장비 등의 화재 뿐 아니라 대간첩작전 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.가 작으며, 본 연소관에 충전된 RDX/AP계 추진제의 경우 추진제의 습기투과에 의한 추진제 물성 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다..7%), 혈액투석, 식도부분절제술 및 위루술·위회장문합술을 시행한 경우가 각 1례(2.9%)씩이었다. 13) 심각한 합병증은 9례(26.5%)에서 보였는데 그중 식도협착증이 6례(17.6%), 급성신부전증 1례(2.9%), 종격동기흉과 폐염이 병발한 경우와 폐염이 각

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2019

This review paper discussed the decadal fluctuations in the catch of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus (T. pacificus) by focusing on migration and distribution patterns. Since 1980s, changes in T. pacificus catches were due to climate regime shift in Korean waters. Fluctuation patterns of catches were different between the East Sea and the Yellow Sea. Generally PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) phase shows a negative correlation with strength of warm current to the East Sea. In 1980s when PDO was positive phase (+), T. pacificus catch was higher in the Yellow, but it was lower in the East Sea. In 1990s when PDO was negative phase (-), T. pacificus catch showed opposite trend compared with 1980s. Such spatial and decadal fluctuations of T. pacificus catch were due to its northward migration along with the warm current or southward movement against the current. In the East Sea, strong (weak) warm current period, the current path has been shifted toward the East Sea coast of Korea (central East Sea or the coast of Japan). It has a correlation with PDO. In the positive PDO phase (1980s), the fishing ground was located on the eastern side of Ulleungdo, whereas during negative PDO phase (1990s), they were situated near the southeastern coast of the Korean peninsula. In the 1980s, volume transport passing into the Yellow Sea increased, whereas volume transport in the East Sea decreased. This is one of major reason increasing T. pacificus larvae in the Yellow Sea.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.266-273
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• 2019

Heavy metal contamination in freshwater ecosystem has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their direct or indirect effect on human health and aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated biological effects such as survival rate, growth rate, emergence rate, sex ratio and mouthpart deformity of Chironomus plumosus. The survival rate of C. plumosus decreased with the increase in heavy metal concentration as well as exposure time after cadmium (Cd) or zinc (Zn) exposure. The growth rate decreased at days 4 and 7 after Cd exposure and significantly reduced at the relatively high concentration of $50mg\;L^{-1}$ Cd. The emergence rate was decreased at $50mg\;L^{-1}$ Cd and $100mg\;L^{-1}$ Zn. The sex ratio showed imbalance pattern at relatively low concentrations (0.5 and $2mg\;L^{-1}$ Cd) with high proportion of male and relatively high concentration ($100mg\;L^{-1}$ Zn) with high proportion of female (60%). In addition, mentum deformities were observed at high concentration of Cd and Zn. These results suggest that heavy metal exposure in aquatic ecosystem may affect biological and morphological responses, and aquatic midge C. plumosus is a potential indicator for assessment of environmental pollutant such as heavy metals.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.53
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• pp.165-190
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• 2017

This thesis is for the analysis of the relationships between Mozi's 'Heaven and Man' through the inspection of meaning and emphasis in his three books, 'Heaven's Will', 'Verification of Ghost' and 'Indeterminism'. According to the previous study, the Heaven's Will and Verification of Ghost are justify Mozi's theory of theistic stance with the Heaven's authority. And in case of the 'Indeterminism', there seems to be positive and rational way of awareness and it's thought to be atheistic stance. It is thought that there is a rule of action which is about the personality principle, and it suggest that how the government rule the country, and how the people lead a life. And it is the ghost that give prize or punishment when they did something according to this principle or not. So, men should do their best in actual life to meet the heaven's will. Because my fate is not decided by heaven's order but my own action. And it is thought that the main point of 'the indeterminism' is about Heaven helps those who do independent and active efforts. In short, 'the Heaven's Will', Verification of Ghost' and 'Indeterminism' are neither contradiction nor conversion form theism to atheism. Mozi is thought to divide clearly about ghost's works and people's works, and it is expressed explicitly in his works 'Heaven's Will', 'Verification of Ghost' and 'Indeterminism'.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to identify the characteristics and analyze the quality of studies on memory improvement using a single-subject research design. Methods : Six studies were selected through the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), and National Digital Science Library (NDSL). Keywords were memory training, stroke, early dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and single-subject research design. The characteristics and quality levels were analyzed between January 2011 and October 2020. Results : Regarding the quality level, the middle level (7-10 points) was 66.7% of the four articles, and the high level (11-14 points) was 33.3% of the two articles. Reversal designs were used in all studies. Independent variables were errorless learning, smartphone application, cognitive training system (CoTras), spaced retrieval training (SRT) with errorless learning, spaced retrieval training, and iPad applications. The dependent variables included memory, attention, electroencephalogram, instrumental activities of daily living, depression etc., which increased after the intervention. The total session, study period, and intervention time were varied. Conclusion : In single-subject research design related to memory training, occupational therapy intervention was confirmed as an effective method for improving memory and attention. The quality level of single-subject research design was moderate or higher, and high-quality level of studies should be conducted by additional design to increase the validity in the future.