• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2012

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of experimental 2.26% fluoride-polyvinyl alcohol (F-PVA) tape in inhibition of enamel demineralization using enamel surface microhardness (SMH) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. Enamel specimens (n=60) randomly assigned to four groups: control group, F-PVA tape group, fluoride varinish (F-varnish) group, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACFP) group. After topical application, pH-cycling was processed. Then, SMH was measured and the percentage loss of surface microhardness (%SML) was calculated. For the SEM examination, five sample specimens in each group were treated and the morphologic character was evaluated. After pH-cycling, the SMH values of the enamel specimens of F-PVA tape and F-varnish group were significantly higher than that of CPP-ACFP group, there was no significant difference between F-PVA tape and Fvarnish group. With SEM examination, enamel surfaces in the F-PVA tape group and F-varnish group showed numerous spherical and ovoid crystals formed on the enamel surface were also observed. The density of crystals was higher than that of both control group and CPP-ACFP group. F-PVA tape is effective in inhibition of enamel demineralization. Also, F-PVA tape's inhibition of enamel demineralization is comparable to that of F-vanish and greater than that of CPP-ACFP.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.198-207
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide on dentin bonding strength of various dentin bonding systems as a function of time in composite resin restoration. Dentin adhesives used in this study were Scotchbond Multipurpose, Single Bond, SE Bond and Prompt L-Pop. Flat dentin surfaces adjacent to pulp chamber were created, then $Ca(OH)_2$ and saline were mixed and applied on dentin surface of experimental group, then IRM was used to cover the mixture on dentin surface and the specimens were stored at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for experiment period (7 days, 30 days). After removing IRM and $Ca(OH)_2$, each dentin adhesives were treated on dentin surfaces. Composite resin (Z-250, 3M) was placed with S mm height and was light-cured for 20 seconds. After stored in distilled water for 24 hours, each dentin-composite bonded spicemen was embedded in epoxy resin and sectioned into $1.0\times1.0mm^2$ cross section composite-dentin beams. Specimen was mounted on zig of Universal testing machine and ${\mu}TBS$ test was performed. SEM analysis was performed to examine the fractured surfaces. The results suggested that applying calcium hydroxide did not show significant difference in dentin bonding strength.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was analyzed to compare on the physical characters of two companies of color contact lenses. Artificial tear solution was used for measuring the rate of protein deposits and wettability. The surface roughness of lenses was measured by SEM(scanning electron microscope, Japan) and AFM(atomic force microscope, MultimodeTM, USA). As a results, The color contact lenses was not different from general soft contact lenses in a respect of other properties. However, the colored contact lenses showed a severe crack on the surface under SEM observation. There was no irregularity on the surface of the colored contact lenses in AFM photograph. The dyes were deposited in inside of lenses by microscope observation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.657-664
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• 2013

By using shear mixing and ultrasonication, we fabricated specimens of well-dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. To confirm the proper dispersion of the filler, we used scanning electron microscopy images for quantitative evaluation and a tensile test for qualitative assessment. Furthermore, the coefficients of thermal expansion of several specimens having different filler contents were calculated from the measured thermal strains and temperatures of the specimens. Based on the microscopy images of the well-dispersed fillers and the small deviations in the measurements of the tensile strength and stiffness, we confirmed the proper dispersion of nanotubes in the epoxy. As the filler contents were increased, the values of tensile strength increased from 58.33 to 68.81 MPa, and those of stiffness increased from 2.93 to 3.27 GPa. At the same time, the coefficients of thermal expansion decreased. This implies better thermal stability of the specimen.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.72-80
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• 1999

친수성의 도공층을 갖고 있는 컬러 잉크제트 용지의 특성을 동적주사 흡액측정, 망점의 화상해석 및 도공층 표면을 주사 전자현미경(SEM)으로 관찰하여 검토하였다. 비잉크제트 용지와 도공지에 비하여 잉크제트 용지는 단시간 동안에 현저한 표면 흡액특성을 나타내었지만 그 특성은 제품에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 망점 특성으로부터 평가한 잉크 방울의 흡수시간은 망점의 면적과는 상관관계를 나타내진 않았으나 진원도와는 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 즉 빠른흡액특성은 원형의 망점을 형성하는데 유효하였다. 광택 처리제품과 광택처리를 하지 않은 제품을 비교할 경우 광택처리 제품의 진원도가 낮게 나타났는데 이것은 주사전자현미경의 관찰 결과로부터 도공층을 칼렌더 처리할 때 발생하는 할열 때문인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2006

In this study, the non-destructive computed tomography was adopted to observe the density profile of the needle-punched Carbon/Carbon(C/C) composites nozzle throat. The density profile of C/C was evaluated within ${\pm}0.01g/cm^3$ with 98.74% confidence when the correction of the image and high signal-to-noise ratio were achieved by the optimization of the beam hardening, the electrical noise and the scattered X-ray. The density variation of C/C with the computed tomography was in good agreement with the results obtained by the water immersion method and the observation with scanning electron microscope.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.450-450
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• 2009

최근 전세계적으로 태양전지의 대량보급에 따라 실리콘 원료의 공급에 차질이 생겨 원자재 값이 상승하는 추세에 있다. 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 제조비용중 실리콘 재료 및 웨이퍼가 차지하는 비율은 약 50~60%정도로 높기 때문에 실리콘 웨이퍼의 두께를 감소시키는 것이 비용절감을 위한 효과적인 방법으로 기대되고 있다. 그러나 실리콘 웨이퍼의 두께가 앓아질수록 제조공정중 균열이나 파손이 발생할 가능성이 높아지기 때문에 이에 따른 실리콘 웨이퍼의 기계적 물성에 대한 연구가 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 상용으로 사용되고 있는 크기가 5 인치인 $200{\mu}m$ 두께의 실리콘웨이퍼 (As-saw)를 약 80여개의 시편으로 절단한 후 각각의 파단강도를 부위별로 측정하였다. 또한 표면절단결함을 제거하는 saw damage etching(SDE) 시간을 제어하여 두께가 $150{\mu}m$, $130{\mu}m$인 웨이퍼를 준비하였다. 이들 시험편에 대해서도 부위별 파단강도를 측정하여 as-saw상태의 시험편과 비교하였다. 파단강도 측정은 4 접 굽힘시험을 통하여 측정하였으며 파단면은 주사전자현미경을 통하여 관찰하였다. 또한 실리콘 웨이퍼의 미세균열을 비파괴적으로 검출하기 위하여 100MHz 고주파수를 이용하는 초음파현미경(SAM, scanning acoustic microscope)을 이용하여 균열의 분포를 영상화하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.598-606
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• 2001

Recently, semiconductor packages trend to be thinner, which makes difficult to detect defects therein. A preconditioning test is generally performed to evaluate the reliability of semiconductor packages. The test procedure includes two scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) tests at the beginning and end of the entire test, in order to help detect physical defects such as delaminations and package cracks. In particular, of primary concern are package cracks and delaminations caused by moisture absorbed under ambient conditions. This paper discusses the failure mechanism associated with the moisture absorbed and encapsulated in semiconductors, and the use SAM to detect failures such as tracks and delaminations grown during the preconditioning test.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.225-225
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• 2003

탄소-탄소 복합체는 고온에서 기계적 특성이 우수하여 항공기 브레이크와 같은 고온안정성, 강한 기계적 성질이 필요한 부분에서 활용되고 있다. 하지만 고온에서 심각한 산화현상을 보이는 단점 때문에 산화방지를 위한 표면 코팅이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지의 표면 코팅막을 적용한 탄소-탄소 복합체의 고온산화안정성 특성평가를 실시하였다. 탄소-탄소 복합체 시편표면에 여러 가지 인산염계의 내산화코팅 용액을 도포하여 열처리 코팅하였다. 내산화 코팅막을 적용한 시편은 고온로에서 특별한 온도 프로그램으로 가열하면서 흐르는 공기중에서 산화시험을 행하였고, 산화속도를 측정평가 하였다. 또한, TG/DTA, 입도분석기, 엑스선 회절분석기(XRD), 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 시편에 대한 특성평가를 실시하였다.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.158-160
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• 2001

본 연구는 레이저 처리기술에 의한 Li$_2$O-A1$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$계 유리의 미세가공과 레이저에 의한 유리의 광활성반응에 관한 것으로서, 1064nm와 355nm의 파장을 갖는 Nd:YAG laser를 유리에 조사하여 유리의 파괴특성 및 광학적변화를 관찰하였다. 1064nm 레이저에 의한 유리의 파괴 부분은 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로서 파괴특성을 평가하였으며, 355nm 레이저에 의한 유리의 변화는 흡수대역을 측정함으로 그 광학적 특성을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 레이저에 의한 가공은 유리내부의 3차원적인 미세구조물 형성이나, internal waveguide, 또는 광 흡수대역의 변화에 따른 광기록방법으로 응용될 것으로 예상된다.