• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Purpose : What confirm a patient's set-up precisely is an important factor in stereotactic radiosurgery Especially, the tumor is moved by respiration in case of lung cancer. So it is difficult to confirm a exact location by L-gram or EPID. I will verify a exact patient's set-up about this sort of problem by verification system(exactrac 3.0) Materials and Methods : The patient that had lung cancer operated on stereotactic radiosurgery is composed of 6 people. The 5 patients use an ABC tool and 1 patient doesn't use it. I got such a patient's L-gram and EPID image by Body frame(elekta, sweden), compared Ant. image with Lat. one, and then confirmed a set-up. I fused DRR image of CT and X-ray image of Verification system(exactrac 3.0) 3 dimensional, analyzed the coordinate value(vertical, longitudinal, lateral), and then confirmed a difference of existing method. Results : In case of L-gram and EPID, we judge an exact of the patient's set-up subjectively, and on we could treat the patient with radiation. As a result of using Verification system(exactrac 3.0), coordinate value(vertical, longitudinal, lateral) of patient's set-up was comprised within 5mm. We could estimate a difference of the coordinate value visually and objectively. Consequently, Verification system(exactrac 3.0) was useful in judging an exact patient's set-up. Conclusion : In case of Verification system(exactrac 3.0), we can confirm an exact patient's set-up at any time whenever, However, there are several kinds of the demerit. First, it is a complex process of confirmation than the existing process. Second, thickness of CT scan slice is within 3mm. The last, X-ray image has to have shown itself clearly. If we solve this problem. stereotactic radiosurgery will be useful in treating patients why we can confirm an exact patient's positioning easily.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2002

Purpose : ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) reconstruction using achilles allograft was done for whom ACL injured person in recreational sports activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results and return to their sports activity in these patients. Materials and Methods : ACL injured 56 amateur athletes who had experienced sports 3 times a week more than 5 years, reconstructed with Achilles allograft, and it was analyzed subjective and objective parameter, Tegner scoring, Telos stress arthrometer, Lysholm Knee Scoring System and modified Feagin scoring system. The average age was 25 years old (range: 18$\~$49), the average follow up period was 15 months (range: 12$\~$19). Morbid sports were football (29 cases), basket ball (14 cases), badminton (5 cases), tennis (3 cases), squash (2 cases) and otherwise (3 cases). Result : The mean Lysholm Knee Scoring System was improved to 88.2 from 60. Telos arthrometer in anterior stress test revealed 2.3 mm improved from 7.1 mm. The modified Feagin scoring system showed 50 cases (89$\%$) with excellent and good results. We had obtained 12 cases (21$\%$) of Tegner score VI, 32 cases (57$\%$) of score V, 20 cases (35%$\%$ of score IV, 3 (5.3$\%$) cases of score III. Conclusions : Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligaments can restore stability sufficient to allow sports activity in ACL injured patients, but it’s difficult to achieve 'normal' sports activity. So we will have to solve the reasons of this dissatisfaction at furthermore.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2015

Purpose We considered the correlation of Ejection Fraction (EF) which was analyzed by Multi Gated Blood Pool Scan (MUGA) and Echocardiography (ECHO) for the patients who were classified according to the condition of cardiac function. Materials and Methods We analyzed the patients (female 60) who were diagnosed with breast cancer and were examined by both MUGA and ECHO. The 30 patients (age: $58.27{\pm}13.48$) who were analyzed into less than 50% to 70% of EF were categorized as normal group and the other 30 patients (age: $53.70{\pm}8.45$) who were analyzed into less than 50% of EF were categorized as abnormal group. Statistical analysis with SPSS ver. 18 was applied. Results Each of the value of mean and standard deviation of normal group was $66.43{\pm}5.80$ (MUGA), $60.50{\pm}4.93$ (ECHO). There was a significant difference (p<0.001). Each of the value of mean and standard deviation of abnormal group was $41.93{\pm}7.58$ (MUGA), $41.70{\pm}11.49$ (ECHO). There was no significant difference (p>0.001). In the result, all 30 cases of normal group showed the same reading. 8 out of 30 cases in abnormal group showed inconsistency of the reading. Conclusion We could confirm the correlation of the EF in MUGA and ECHO statistically. There was difference between abnormal groups from the result of reading. If we are aware of the result according to the different cardiac function categorization, MUGA and ECHO can be used as even more accurate interchangeable test.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish accreditation systems of reliable educational materials for nutrition and dietary life which could be used in schools, workplace, and health promotion. Methods: The study was conducted from April 2011 to October 2011. Literature reviews, institutional visits, and telephone interviews were conducted. Expert meetings and advisory councils were held in order to receive feedback on development of the accreditation systems. A survey was conducted for the accreditation procedures on 143 professionals, including professors, researchers, health and medical experts, teachers, nutrition teachers, dietitians, and clinical nutritionists. Results: The final procedure of the developed accreditation system was finalized as follows: 1) receiving application twice per year 2) complete desk review (written evaluation) by three reviewers within two months, 3) board review (all board members) and decision, and 4) notification of results. The accreditation system is set for printed materials, web-site, and materials for activities. The certificate and accreditation mark is issued to the final certified educational materials. Expiration date is established only for the web-site form. The accreditation length lasts for two years, and can be extended by renewal application. Conclusion: The dietary and nutrition related materials, which are certificated by this accreditation system, could impart reliable information and knowledge to both learners and educators, and help them in effective selection of educational materials. Therefore, this accreditation system might be expected to increase satisfaction for teaching and learning about nutrition and healthy dietary life.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.706-711
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• 2017

Purpose: To analyze blinking patterns when watching an ultra-high definition (UHD) television and to compare the results between normal eyes and dry eyes. Methods: A total of 59 participants aged from 13 to 69 years were instructed to watch a colorful and dynamic video on a UHD television for 10 minutes. Before and after watching the UHD television, we measured the best corrected visual acuities, autorefraction, tear-break-up-time, degree of corneal erosion and conjunctival hyperemia via slit lamp biomicroscopy. In addition, questionnaires for the evaluation of eye fatigue and symptoms of a dry eye were completed. The definition of dry eye syndrome was that the tear-break-up-time of one of the eyes was less than 5 seconds, conjunctival injection, or marked corneal erosion. The number of blinks and the duration of blinking were both measured and analyzed at the early and late phases of video-watching. Results: After watching the UHD television in the normal eye group, the tear-break-up-time was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the degree of corneal erosion was significantly increased (p = 0.023). However, the subjective symptoms of participants were not aggravated (p = 0.080). There were no significant differences in blinking patterns in the dry eye group. On the other hand, in the normal eye group, the mean blinking time was significantly increased (p = 0.030). Conclusions: Watching an UHD television changes the tear-break-up-time, degree of corneal erosion, and blinking pattern in normal eyes, which may increase the risk of dry eye syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.522-529
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided percutaneous repair (USPR) and open repair in a ruptured Achilles tendon. Materials and Methods: The outcomes of 12 patients with USPR (group A) and 18 patients with open repair (group B) from January 2015 to February 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The postoperative clinical evaluations were performed using the Arner-Lindholm scale, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), and visual analogue scale for the overall satisfaction and cosmetic satisfaction with the scar, and the starting time of single heel raises. The complications were also evaluated. Results: The Arner-Lindholm scale, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, ATRS, starting time of single heel raises were similar in both groups (all p>0.05). Group A showed a significantly higher overall patient's satisfaction and cosmetic satisfaction in than group B (all p<0.05). Two cases of Achilles tendon elongation were encountered in group A, and 1 case of re-rupture with deep infection and 1 case of superficial infection were experienced in group B. Conclusion: USPR showed good clinical outcomes and high satisfaction as well as a low rate of complications, such as sural nerve injury. Therefore, USPR can be considered as an effective surgical treatment option for Achilles tendon ruptures.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2018

Objectives: Insomnia is one of the major concerns in the elderly population. Cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia is the first line treatment option, but there are some limitations including time and cost burdens and the requirement for sufficient cognitive resources to obtain a proper treatment effect. The Brief intervention for insomnia (BII) is a treatment that focuses on behavioral aspects of insomnia in primary care practices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of BII in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A total of 47 older adults with insomnia were enrolled from community centers between May 2016 and January 2018. They participated in the BII program for three weeks. We gathered sleep-related participant information with using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the Sleep hygiene index, and a sleep diary. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by comparing total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), waking after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE) before and after the treatment. Results: There was significant improvement in sleep-related features after BII. Global score and sleep quality from the PSQI, freshness, and WASO from the sleep diary showed statistically significant improvement. Conclusion: We found BII showed positive clinical efficacy in community dwelling older adults, especially from the perspective of subjective sleep quality and WASO. This finding implies that BII can be effectively applied for the managment of elderly insomnia patients in a community setting.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.188-201
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• 2019

In the past, food additives were classified and managed as chemical synthetic and natural additives according to the manufacturing process, but it was difficult to confirm the purpose or function of food additives.CODEX, an internationalstandard, classifies food additives according to their practical use, based on scientific evidence on the technical effects of food additives, instead of classifying them as synthetic or natural. Therefore, very recently, the food additive standards in Korea have been completely revised in accordance with these global trends. Currently, the classification system of food additives is divided into 31 uses to specify their functions and purposes instead of manufacturing methods. Newer revision of the legislative framework for defining and expanding the scope of the Act as an enlarged area is required. Competition for preempting new food products based on bio-based technology is very fierce in order to enhance the safety of domestic people and maximize the economic profit of their own countries. In this age of infinite competition, it is very urgent to revise or supplement the current regulations in order to revitalize the domestic food industry and enhance national competitiveness through the development of food additives using new biotechnology. In this report, current laws on domestic food ingredients, food additives and manufacturing methods, and a comparison of domestic and foreign advanced countries' regulations and countermeasures strategies were reviewed to improve national competitiveness of domestic advanced biotechnology-based food additives industry.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.33
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• pp.85-112
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• 2012

Group for the People without History(GPH) was launched at September 2002 and had worked for around five years with the following purposes; Firstly, GPH collects first-hand data on people's everyday lives based on fieldworks. Secondly, GPH constructs digital archives of the collected data. Thirdly, GPH guarantees the accessibility to the archives for people. And lastly, GPH promotes users to utilize the archived data for the various levels. GPH has influenced on the construction of archives on everyday life history as well as the research areas such as anthropology and social history. What is important is that GPH tried to construct digital archives even before the awareness on archives was not widely spreaded in Korea other than formal sectors. Furthermore, the GPH archives proposed a model of open archives which encouraged the people's participation in and utilization of the archives. GPH also showed the ways in which archived data were used. It had published forty seven books of people's life histories and five photographic books, and held six photographic exhibitions on the basis of the archived data. Though GPH archives had contributed to the ignition of the discussions on archives in various areas as leading civilian archives, it has a few limitations. The most important problem is that the data are vanishing too fast for researchers to collect. It is impossible for researchers to collect the whole data. Secondly, the physical space and hardware for the data storage should be ensured. One of the alternatives to solve the problems revealed in the works of GPH is to construct community archives. Community archives are decentralized archives run by people themselves to preserve their own voices and history. It will guarantee the democratization of archives.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2019

Purpose: This research is to investigate factors that affect dental aesthetics and analyze whether individual perception affects and difference of genders affects the esthetic factors. Materials and methods: Seventy dental students of Chonnam University aged from 25 to 35 years old without periodontal problems were included. Maxillary dental cast for participants were made, and standardized photo was taken with a digital camera. Maximum visual width and the position of gingival zenith of maxillary anterior teeth and maximum height of the maxillary central incisors were measured by a measurement program and the shape of central incisor was categorized. Questionnaire was conducted to evaluate esthetic perception. SPSS program was used to perform statistical analysis. Results: The average visual width ratio of right maxillary anteriors was 1.38:1:0.78 and 1.41:1:0.81 for the left which differ from the golden ratio. The width to height ratio for right and left central incisor was 0.84 and 0.83 respectively. The gingival zenith position was determined to be: mostly, central incisors and canines were located in the distal side, lateral incisors were located in the center. The visual width ratio of right maxillary anterior teeth, ratio of width to height of central incisor, gingival zenith position, crown morphology and amounts of gingival exposure upon smiling were not significantly different between genders, and facial patterns and these dental esthetic factors were not related to aesthetic perception. Conclusion: Even though participants had the visual width ratio of maxillary anteriors or ideal width to ideal height of central incisors that did not agree with the golden ratio, they had high satisfaction for dental esthetics. Esthetic perception depends more on subjective judgements of participants than objective indices.