• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.189-197
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• 1998

Hyeroxyapatite(HAp) which has good biocompatibility was made by Wet Chemical Process. The surface of Ti-6Al-4V, coated with HAp by lon Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD), was treated with 5ppm, 10ppm, 20ppm, and 100ppm of $AgNO_3$ solution. In this Ag impregnation process, $Ca^{2+}$ of HAp was substituted with $Ag^+$ of $AgNO_3$. In this study, the antimicrobial effect and biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V alloy which was coated with Ag-HAp were examined. The antimicrobial test was carried out with two kinds of bacteria(P. Aeruginosa, S. Epidermidis), which are highly infectious in a transplanting operation of implant materials. As a result of the test, it was observed that Ti-6Al-4V alloy which was treated by 20ppm of $AgNO_3$ solution has good biocompatibility. In order to observe the antimicrobial mechanism of $Ag^+$, E. coli which is the most common bacterium was treated by Ag-HAp. Then cell morphology of E. coli was observed by the transmission electron microscope(TEM). The destruction of cell wall and cytoplasm of E. coil were observed. A black spot appeared in the cytoplasm was analyzed by energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX) and it showed a small amount of $Ag^+$. Thus, it was proved that $Ag^+$ destroys bacteria effectively and Ti-6Al-4V alloy which was impregnate with Ag ion show antimicrobial effect on infection bacteria.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.763-771
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various temperatures of electro-magnetic resonance and air blast freezing methods on the physicochemical quality of meat. Beef (loin and round), pork (belly and ham) and chicken (breast and leg) were purchased at a commercial market, and the meat was frozen using three methods: air blast freezing ($-20^{\circ}C$ and $-45^{\circ}C$) and electro-magnetic resonance quick freezing. Changes in the physicochemical properties of meat were analyzed by drip loss, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC) and proximate compositions. In comparison, regardless of the animal species and cuts of meat, electro-magnetic resonance quick freezing (2 h) resulted in a completely frozen product in a much shorter time than $-20^{\circ}C$ and $-45^{\circ}C$ air blast freezing (24 h and 8 h, respectively). Drip loss of loin which had underwent electro-magnetic resonance quick freezing were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the other two treatments, but cooking loss and water holding capacity were the highest at 43.7% and 60.7%, respectively (p<0.05). Characteristics such as crude protein, crude fat and moisture compositions showed significant differences, depending on the cuts and freezing methods (p<0.05). The fat composition of electro-magnetic resonance quick frozen loin and round were significantly low (p<0.05). However, moisture content was the highest compared to other freezing methods, as 67.1% and 71.9%, respectively (p<0.05). Electro-magnetic resonance quick freezing was an appropriate way to reduce the deterioration of meat quality due to freezing, and the drip loss was least for the part with low moisture, low protein, and high fat.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to compare the compressive strength and the surface microhardness of Beautifil flow (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) with $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350, Z350XT (3M ESPE, USA). Fifteen specimens from each material were fabricated for testing. Compressive strength was measured by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Surface microhardness values were measured by using Vickers hardness tester under 4.9 N load and 10 seconds dwelling time. The compressive strength of Group 2 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350XT shows the highest value as $218.7{\pm}18.4$ MPa and Group 1 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350 was $205.5{\pm}27.1$ MPa. Group 3 Beautifil flow F00 was $176.5{\pm}30.3$ MPa, and Group 4 Beautifil flow F10 was $173.4{\pm}26.2$ MPa. The compressive strength of Group 2 is higher than Group 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). The surface microhardness of Group 2 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350XT shows the highest value as $39.1{\pm}2.1$ and Group 4 Beautifil flow F10 was $27.9{\pm}1.8$. And Group 3 Beautifil flow F00 was $23.1{\pm}1.1$, Group 1 $Filtek^{TM}$ Z350 was $20.4{\pm}0.9$. There was a statistical significant difference in surface microhardness between all groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the compressive strength of giomer was below the level of flowable composite resin. However, the surface microhardness of giomer is comparable to that of flowable composite resin. Giomer would be the good alternative to composite resin, if there is improvement of the compressive strength of giomer.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 2011

Purpose: Estradiol in the menstrual cycle and ovulation induction as an important test of currently national nuclear medicine laboratory in the normal patients and patients with infertility tests are being performed. For the diagnosis of menopause is an important test with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH). Currently participating in external quality control of the nation's hospitals that is 54 percent of 37 hospitals, 20 hospitals have been using A's reagent. The kit's test results are highly different from other kit comes with the test results of specimens have been found. And for the phenomenon is to study the problem. Materials and Methods: Estraiol test were referred to our hospital which results of samples as more than 100pg/ml 75 specimens measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA) test with company A company B company C company D Kit, Chemiluminescent assay (CMIA) to examine and compare to the results from april to August in 2010. Results: Kit for each manufacturing company as measured by the results obtained using the average value of the correlation coefficient (R2) and A company 0.8906 B 0.9527 C 0.9547 and D company correlation coefficient of 0.873 showed a good correlation that measuring the results of A company high concentrations when Company B Company C Company D with CMIA test concentrations measured low results that the two cases were discovered specimens. Conclusion: Most of the test results of 75 samples came up with a similar trend, but two cases were reported in the patients very differently. A company result reported higher than 700 pg/ml, while the rest of other test results report was approximately 10 pg/ml. The common point of two samples more than 50 years patients are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer in postmenopausal patients receiving treatment and levels of FSH were found to be greater than 50 mIU/ml. Did not identify the exact cause. I suggest if you are using A company kit that need to again check when Estradiol result and follicle stimulating hormone results is higher.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1793-1797
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• 2007

한강 "수변구역"에서 비점오염물질의 공공수역 유입을 억제하기 위한 다양한 방법들 중에서 보편적이고 자연친화적인 방법은 다양한 생물의 서식공간이며, 동시에 본류로 유입되는 과정에서 수질을 정화시키는 수질개선 공간인 수변완충구역, 또는 지대를 설정하여 관리하는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 수변완충지대 효과 분석 및 설정에 관한 연구는 국내에서 아직 수행되지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 수변구역의 자정능력을 높이는 것은 물론 그 밖의 하천 연안에서 비점오염물질의 차단과 처리능력을 증진시키고 수변 생태계의 서식처 보전 및 복원을 위해서 수변완충지대의 수질정화 기술개발과 생물다양성을 창출하는 수변완충지대 조성 기법을 개발하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 수변완충지의 추가적인 조성과 보완, 시험완충지 생태구조 및 기능 기초조사, 시험완충지 오염부하 저감효과의 실험 및 분석, 수변완충지대 설치 구상 등의 연구를 수행하였다. 수행 지역은 한강수계 지역으로 남한강 수변인 경기도 양평군 병산리에서 실시하였으며, 잔디와 갈대, 갯버들, 혼합지역, 자연그대로의 상태(대조지역)의 5 구역으로 구분하였고, 깊이별로 샘플을 채취하여 유입수와 표면유출, 하부유출을 비교해 보았다. 연구 결과, 5 가지 구역 중 잔디 구역의 SS, T-N, T-P, TOC의 제거 효율이 각각 76.7%, 85.2%, 97.6%, 83.3%로 가장 좋은 오염물질 제거 효율을 보였으며, 깊이 별 분석에서는 표면유출에서 하부유출로 갈수록 월등한 효율을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 비점오염원에 대한 한강수계의 수자원 보호 효과를 기대할 수 있고, 수변완충지대의 조성, 유지관리기술의 개발을 통한 수변완충지대의 계획과 설계에 직접적인 기여를 할 수 있으며, 수변구역에 설치 가능한 Riparian Buffer Zone의 중요성과 효율성을 알려 현재 하상 저니 준설 및 폭기 위주의 사업에서 생태 공학적 복원을 적극 고려한 정화사업으로 확대 추진하고자 한다.해결책을 얻어내는 상호보완적인 결과를 추구한다. 그가 디자인하는 작품은 전형적인 이미지를 내포하지 않는다. 즉 그의 작품은 기존의 가치와 이념적인 것은 배제하고, 창의적인 개념을 도출하였다.형모서리는 건물 특화 성격이 강하므로 불가피할 경우 소형 액센트 광고 위치를 미리 벽면으로 할애하는 것이 경관 및 입면계획에 유리한 것으로 분석되었다. 불확실도 해석모형 등의 새로운 기능을 추가하여 제시하였다. 모든 입출력자료는 프로젝트 단위별로 운영되어 data의 관리가 손쉽도록 하였으며 결과를 DB에 저장하여 다른 모형에서도 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 HyGIS-HMS 및 HyGIS-RAS 모형에서 강우-유출-하도 수리해석-범람해석 등이 일괄되게 하나의 시스템 내에서 구현될 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 HyGIS와 통합된 수리, 수문모형은 국내 하천 및 유역에 적합한 시스템으로서 향후 HydroInformatics 구현을 염두에 둔 특화된 국내 수자원 분야 소프트웨어의 개발에 기본 토대를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.았다. 또한 저자들의 임상병리학적 연구결과가 다른 문헌에서 보고된 소아 신증후군의 연구결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 자극에 차이가 있지 않나 추측되며 이에 관한 추후 연구가 요망된다. 총대장통과시간의 단축은 결장 분절 모두에서 줄어들어 나타났으나 좌측결장 통과시간의 감소 및 이로 인한 이 부위의 통과시간 비율의 저하가 가장 주요하였다. 이러한 결과는 차가운 생수 섭취가 주로 결장 근위부를 자극하는 효과를 발휘하는 것이 아닌가 해석된다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 생다시마를 주원료로 개발된 생다시마차와 생다시마 음료가 만성 기능성 변비 증세를 개선하는 효능이 잠재적으로 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 생약제재의 변비약 수준으로 변비 개선 효능을 증대하기 위해서는 재료 배합비의 개선이나 대장 운동기능을 향상시키는 유효성분의 보강 등이 필요하다는 점도 알 수 있었다.더불어 산화물질 해독에 관여하는

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.140-149
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• 2007

Cleft lip and palate are congenital craniofacial malformation. Reconstruction of dental arch in patient with alveolo-palatal clefts is very important, because they have many problems in functions and esthetics. Malnutrition, poor oral hygiene, respiratory infections, speech malfunctions, maxillofacial deformity, and psychological problems may be occured without proper treatment during the long period of management of the cleft lip and palate. So the treatment should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach. Bone grafting is a consequential step in the dental rehabilitation of the cleft lip and palate patient A complete alveolar arch should be achieyed of the teeth to erupt in and to form a stable dentition. And the presence of the cleft complicate the orthodontic treatment. Therefore bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate is a widely adopted surgical procedure. Grafted bone stabilizes the alveolar process and allows the canine or incisor to move into the graft site. After the bone grafting, orthodontic closure of the maxillary arch has become a common practice for achieving dental reconstruction without any prosthodontic treatment. Various grafting materials have been used in alveolar clefts. Iliac bone is most widely fovoured, but tibia, rib, cranial bone, mandible have also been used. And according to its time of occurrence, the bone graft may be divided into primary, early secondary, secondary, late secondary. Bone grafting is called secondary when performed later, at the end of the mixed dentition. It is the most accepted procedure and has become part of treatment of protocol A secondary bone graft is performed preferably before the eruption of the permanent canine in order to provide adequate periodontal support for the eruption and preservation of the teeth adjacent to the cleft. In this report, we report here on a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate, who underwent iliac bone graft. The cleft was fully obliterated by grafted bone in the region of the alveolar process. The presence of bone permitted physiologic tooth movement and the orthodontic movement of adjacent tooth into the former cleft area. Satisfactory arch alignment could be achieved in by subsequent orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.501-507
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• 2010

The aim of the current study was to analyze the diversity of the major surface protein (Msp) gene in Theileria buffeli, which is known as the major antigenic protein recognized by the immune system of the host. In addition, we characterized the diversification of the Msp gene and its relationship to with the pathogenicity of Theileria. Complete blood counts (CBC) and Theileria 18S rRNA PCR sequence analysis were performed for 177 Korean indigenous cattle (KIC) in Jeju Island. A total of 28 KIC (16 anemic and 12 non-anemic KIC) were then randomly selected based on 18s rRNA PCR positive samples for sequence analysis of the Theileria Msp gene, which was performed twice for each specimen. The resulting 56 Msp gene sequences were classified into five antigenicity types (type I to V), according to the variable region (517-571 bp), which exhibited high similarity (${\geq}$ 98.9%) to several available GenBank sequences (Theileria spp. from China-EU584237; T. sergenti from China-DQ078264; Theileria spp. from Thailand-AB081329; Theileria spp. from Japan-AB218442; T. sergenti from Japan-AB016280). The 56 Msp sequences consisted of 22, 15, 9, 8, and 2 cases of type I to type V Msp genes, respectively. The most prevalent type in both anemic and non-anemic KIC was type I (37.5% in anemic and 41.7% in non-anemic). Among the remaining types, type II was the most prevalent (37.5%) in anemic KIC, while type IV was the most prevalent (25%) in non-anemic KIC. The results of our study help confirm the diversity of Msp gene types and demonstrate that the gene type distribution of Msp genes varies among Theileria-infected KIC in Jeju Island.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2016

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are extremely important determinants of the functional properties of wheat dough. Transgenic rice plants containing a wheat TaGlu-Ax1 gene encoding a HMG-GS were produced from the Korean wheat cultivar ‘Jokyeong’ and used to enhance the bread-making quality of rice dough using the Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation method. Two expression cassettes with separate DNA fragments containing only TaGlu-Ax1 and hygromycin phosphotransferase II (HPTII) resistance genes were introduced separately into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 strain for co-infection. Rice calli were infected with each EHA105 strain harboring TaGlu-Ax1 or HPTII at a 3:1 ratio of TaGlu-Ax1 and HPTII. Among 210 hygromycin-resistant T₀ plants, 20 transgenic lines harboring both the TaGlu-Ax1 and HPTII genes in the rice genome were obtained. The integration of the TaGlu-Ax1 gene into the rice genome was reconfirmed by Southern blot analysis. The transcripts and proteins of the wheat TaGlu-Ax1 were stably expressed in rice T₁ seeds. Finally, the marker-free plants harboring only the TaGlu-Ax1 gene were successfully screened in the T₁ generation. There were no morphological differences between the wild-type and marker-free transgenic plants. The quality of only one HMW-GS (TaGlu-Ax1) was unsuitable for bread making using transgenic rice dough. Greater numbers and combinations of HMW and LMW-GSs and gliadins of wheat are required to further improve the processing qualities of rice dough. TaGlu-Ax1 marker-free transgenic plants could provide good materials to make transgenic rice with improved bread-making qualities.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 1990

The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of grapefruit seed extract(GFSE), which was extracted with glycerine in the special schematic extraction apparatus, were investigated for handling and processing of fishery products. The effectivity of GFSE has been tried on sardine, mackerel and shrimp divided into six lots for each fishery product: control(no treatment) and five GFSE-treated samples. Samples were inoculated with Salmenella typhi, incubated for 24hrs at $30^{\circ}C$ in dextrose-tryptone broth medium and prepared for microbiological 8f chemical analysis and organoleptic assessment. The bacteriological analytical results with GFSE(250ppm) showed the reduction of $1.8\times10^6\to2.0\times10^4,\;1.9\times10^6\to1.8\times10^4$ and $1.6\times10^6\to2.7\times10^3$ in total bacterial count for sardine, mackerel and shrimp, respectively. The test results with GFSE(500ppm) showed a $100\%$ reduction of bacterial mackerel treated with GFSE(500ppm) was reduced to $1.1\times10^4$ and $9.0\times10^3$ respectively. Antioxidant effect of treatment with GFSE at 500ppm level for three products was significant. LSD test results on organoleptic parameter for the samples treated with various showed a significant influence on the appearance, odor and texture in which at concentration 500ppm level give the excellent scours compared to each control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.652-658
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• 2005

This experimental was carried out to evaluate the clinical effects of Ophicephalus argus and Crubita moschate which have been traditionally applied to postpartum care in Korea, and compare them with the effect of Saenghwtang. Fifty Sprague-Dawley female rats weighing $250\~280$ g were divided into five groups: a normal saline-treated group (NSG), a Saenghuatang-treated group (STG), an Ophicephlus argus-treated group (OTG), and a Crubita moschate-treated group (CTG), also non-pregnant group (NPG). Except for the NPG, each extract was administered for one week to each group after delivery. We measured the WBC, RBC, serum levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, the platelet count, serum levels of fibrinogen, albumin, thyroxine and urine levels of sodium and potassium. STG showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease of WBC count, fibrinogen content and urine levels of sodium and potassium and a significant (p<0.05) increase of RBC, hemoglobin, albumin and thyroxine in comparison with those of the NSG. OTG showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease of WBC count, fibrinogen and the significant (p<0.05) increase of albumin and thyroxine in comparison with those of the NSG. CTG showed a significant (p<0.05) increase of albumin and thyroxine in comparison with that of NSG. These results suggest that Saenghwatang is more effective than Ophicephalus argus and Crubita moschate for postpartum recuperation although they also have some effects on recuperation of deteriorative blood components after delivery. Therefore, these findings indicate that futher investigation for the other effects of Ophicephalus argus and Crubita moschate is necessary.