• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.11
• /
• pp.1349-1356
• /
• 2017

Potassium channel openers (KCOs) produce physiological and pharmacological defense mechanisms against cell injuries caused by oxidative stress of diverse origins. Openings of mitochondrial and plasmalemmal $K^+$ channels are involved in the defense mechanisms. This study tested whether NS 1619, an opener of large-conductance BK channels, has a similar beneficial influence on the pigment epithelial cells of retinas. The human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 was exposed to $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in the absence and presence of NS 1619. The degrees of the cells' injuries were assessed by analyzing the cells' trypan-blue exclusion abilities and TUNEL staining. NS 1619 produced remarkable protections against cell injuries caused by $H_2O_2$. It prevented apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths. The protective effect of NS 1619 was significantly diminished when the cells were treated with NS 1619 in combination with the BK channel-blocker paxilline. NS 1619 significantly ameliorated cellular ATP deprivations in $H_2O_2$-treated cells. It helped mitochondria preserve their functional integrity, which was estimated by their MTT reduction abilities and mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, it was suggested that NS 1619 had a beneficial effect on mitochondria in regards to preserving their functional integrity under oxidative stress, and it produces defense mechanisms against oxidant-induced cell injuries in ARPE-19 cells.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.331-331
• /
• 2020

급격한 산업화와 도시화로 인한 도시유역의 불투수면의 증가와 이에 따른 배수능력의 저하로 인해 도시 물순환의 왜곡이 발생하였다. 따라서 과거 도시 물관리 기법의 한계가 나타났으며 이를 위해 저영향개발 기법 등과 같은 도시 물관리 기법의 패러다임이 변화하였다. 본 연구에서는 저영향개발 기법에서 도시유역 내 활용이 유용한 침투형 시설 중 투수블럭에 대한 물순환 성능평가를 실외실험을 통해 분석하였다. 성능평가 실험은 부산대학교 양산캠퍼스 한국 GI&LID 센터 내 투수블록 뿐만 아니라 블록 하부 골재층까지 설치가 가능하도록 되어있어 실제 현장과 유사한 환경을 구축이 가능한 2.4×10.9×0.4 (m) 규모의 주차장형 LID 실증시험시설을 활용하였다. 인공강우 분사를 위한 실외 인공강우모사 장치 크기는 2×2(m)으로 본 시험을 위하여 5개의 인공강우모사 장치를 연결하여 활용하였으며, 본 시험장치는 강우를 공급하기 위한 수조와 펌프, 일정한 유량을 유입하기 위한 유량계, 강우를 분사하기 위한 노즐, 인공강우가 실제 강우와 같이 자유낙하 하도록 구현하기 위한 오실레이터 등으로 구성되었다. 시험대상인 틈새투수블록은 석재블록 규격 400×600×100 mm이며 재질은 받침안정층(흙), 투수블록(화강석)으로 구성되어 있다. 실험의 시나리오는 시험체에 강우강도 30mm/hr, 50mm/hr, 100mm/hr에 해당하는 양을 1시간 동안 유입하여 시험 시작 후, 강우지속시간, 표면유출지속시간, 표면유출량을 1분 단위로 측정. 시험체에 유공관이 설치된 경우에는 침투유출지속시간, 침투유출량도 함께 1분 단위로 측정하였으며 각 강우강도별로 측정하고, 1회 측정 후, 각 시험별 시험 대상체의 조건을 같게 하기 위한(하부 지반의 건조) 약 3일 이후(상황에 따라 변동 가능) 시험하였다. 본 실험의 결과, 강우강도가 30 mm/hr와 50 mm/hr인 경우에는 화강석 틈새투수블록포장에서 지표 유출이 발생하지 않았으며, 강우강도 100 mm/hr의 경우 260 L의 지표 유출이 발생하여, 불투수표면 대비 84%의 지표유출 저감률을 보여줌으로서 투수블럭에 물순환 성능에 대한 효과를 분석하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.332-344
• /
• 2016

This study aimed at investigating the effects of grouping participants in pairs according to their relative vocabulary proficiency on the incidental improvement of vocabulary knowledge. Forty six university students were divided into three groups (high-high(n=14), high-low(n=18), or low-low(n=14)) and took part in the study. They performed three vocabulary activities in pairs as extra-class works. Data were collected from one receptive vocabulary knowledge test scores before treatment and two posttest scores after treatment. The results showed that, unlike former study results, HL dyads acquired more vocabulary receptively and productively than HH or LL dyads did, which demonstrated that collaborative pair activity was conducive to the growth of vocabulary knowledge. Furthermore, not only higher proficiency participants in HL pairs made greater vocabulary gains than participants in HH pairs did but also lower proficiency participants gained more vocabulary than participants in LL pairs did. Based on these results, we discussed pedagogical implications.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2000

독성약물에 의한 급성신부전시 세뇨관세포의 물질 재흡수 장애에 대한 단삼(丹參) 추출액의 효과를 조사하였다. 토끼에 수은(HgCl2)을 10 mg/kg되게 피하 주사하여 급성신부전을 유발하였고, 단삼(丹參) 추출액의 효과는 수은을 주사하기 전 7일 동안 0.05% 액(液) 0.3 g/kg 용량을 경구 투여하여 관찰하였다. 수은을 주사하기 전 24시간 동안 요와 혈액을 채취하여 신장기능을 측정하여 대조기간(basal period)의 값으로 하였고, 수은을 주사한 후 24시간 동안 요와 혈액을 얻어 수은에 의한 신장기능 변화를 평가하였다. 수은을 처리한 후 사구체여과율이 대조값에 비해 감소하였고, 혈청내 creatinine 농도가 증가하였다. 이러한 결과들은 수은이 급성신부전을 유발하였음을 가리킨다. 수은을 처리한 동물에서 포도당 및 인산의 배설분율이 증가하였고, 이러한 변화는 brush-border membrane에서 물질의 이동장애와 Na-pump 활성의 감소에 기인하였다. 수은을 주사한 동물의 신장피질 절편에서 유기이온인 PAH와 TEA 이동이 억제되었다. 토끼의 신장조직에서 지질의 과산화가 수은을 주사한 후 증가하였다. 단삼(丹參) 추출액을 전 처리한 후 수은을 주사한 경우 수은에 의해 유발된 사구체여과율의 감소와 혈청내 creatinine 농도 증가 현상이 유의하게 완화되었다. 수은에 의한 세뇨관에서 물질의 재흡수 장애가 단삼(丹參) 추출액의 전처리에 의해 방지되었다. 단삼(丹參) 추출액은 수은에 의한 지질의 과산화를 억제하였다. 수은에 의한 급성신부전은 항산화제로 잘 알려진 DPPD에 의해 방지되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 생체실험결과 수은에 의한 급성신부전의 유발과정에 지질의 과산화가 중요한 역할을 할 가능성을 보이고 있고, 단삼(丹參) 추출액은 수은에 의한 급성신부전을 방지하는 효과를 가지고 있으며, 그 효과는 단삼(丹參)의 항산화작용에 기인(起因)할 가능성이 많다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.409-422
• /
• 2022

Southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a serious soilborne disease in economically important crops including pepper. In this study, we conducted a selection of antagonistic bacterial strains and organic materials to biologically control the disease. Out of 39 strains isolated from soils at Jinju in Korea, strain JJ2-01 showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition; garlic oil among various organic materials significantly reduced disease incidence and severity. When a combination of strain JJ2-01 and garlic oil, or each was drenched into the pepper plants, combined treatment and garlic oil significantly suppressed the disease development, however, acid phosphatase activity in garlic oil-treated plants decreased. In the case of combined treatment, the soil activities did not affect by treatment, while soil urease activity was significantly increased by the combined treatment. Therefore, given soil quality and health for sustainable agriculture, the combination of strain JJ2-01 and garlic acid was an effective application for environmental-friendly control of Southern blight in pepper plants.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.85-104
• /
• 2019

Past research showed that presence of others induces morally desirable behavior and stricter judgments. That is, presence of others makes people become a moral being. On the other hand, little research has been conducted to test what effects facial expression of others have on moral judgments. In this research, we tested the effects of emotion exposed by facial expression on moral judgments. To this end, we presented descriptions of immoral or prosocial behavior along with facial expression of various emotions (in particular, disgust and happiness), and asked participants to make moral judgments on the behavior in the descriptions. In Experiment 1, facial expression did not affect moral judgments, but variability of judgments was increased when descriptions and facial expression were incongruent. In experiment 2, we modified potential reasons of the null effect and conducted the experiment using the same procedure. Subjects in Experiment 2 made stricter judgments with disgust faces than with happy faces for immoral behavior, but the effect did not occur for prosocial behavior. In Experiment 3, we repeated the same experiment after having subjects to consider themselves as the actor in the descriptions. The results replicated the effects of facial expression in Experiment 2 but there was no effect of the actor on moral judgments. This research showed that facial expression of others specifically affects moral judgments on immoral behavior but not on prosocial behavior. In general discussion, we provided further discussion on the results and the limitations of this research.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.797-806
• /
• 2018

This study attempted to investigate the effects of Paeonia Lactiflora Pallas (P. lactiflora) on the inhibition of oxygen free radical, anti-inflammation and MMP-1 inhibitory activity and examine its possibility as a functional cosmetic material. For test methods, the inhibition of oxygen free radical after measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, cytotoxicity assessment and anti-inflammation were measured, and MMP-1 inhibitory effects in the HDF cell were measured. According to the test, the inhibition of ROS was confirmed in RAW 264.7 and HDF cells. In terms of cytotoxicity assessment, 90% or higher cell viability was detected at $5/10{\mu}g/mL$ Paeonia Lactiflora Pallas extract while it was 80% or higher at other concentration levels in both RAW 264.7 and HDF cells. In addition, NO production was inhibited in the RAW 264.7 cell while MMP-1 was significantly inhibited in the HDF cell. The above results reveal a possibility of Paeonia Lactiflora Pallas extract as a functional cosmetic material after confirming the inhibition of ROS synthesis in the cell, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NO synthesis, low toxicity on skin cells and anti-aging effect through MMP-1 inhibition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.12
• /
• pp.1663-1670
• /
• 2012

The inhibitory effects of rose hip (Rosa canina L.) water extracts from two different manufactures on osteoarthritis was comparatively investigated in primary cultures of rat cartilage cells. To identify the effects of rose hip extracts against $H_2O_2$ (300 ${\mu}M$, 2 hr) treatment, cell survival was measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell survival increased by rose hip extracts in the range of 100 to 600 ${\mu}g/mL$ of $H_2O_2$ treatment. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of rose hip extracts, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), nitric oxide (NO), and Cox-2 expression were measured after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation. TNF-${\alpha}$ level with rose hip extract treatment was decreased by 27.4% and 31.9% at 600 ${\mu}g/mL$ of $H_2O_2$ treatment. Nitric oxide was inhibited by rose hip extract at 100~600 ${\mu}g/mL$ of $H_2O_2$ treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Cox-2 protein expression was dose-dependently decreased while Cox-1 had no change in expression level. The severity of osteoarthritis is controlled by a balance between anabolic and catobolic factors in an articulation, therefore the expression of these factors plays a critical role in preventing osteoarthritis. In measuring anabolic factors, the genetic expression of collagen type I increased with rose hip treatment, while the genetic expression of collagen II did not change. In addition, the genetic expression of aggrecan (proteoglycan core protein) was significantly increased. while the genetic expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3, 7 and 13, known catabolic factors, was significantly inhibited by treatment with rose hip extract. The expression of MMP13 was especially highly influenced. In conclusion, rose hip water extracts show inhibitory effects on cell death by $H_2O_2$ mediated oxidative stress, which is related to inhibitory effects on inflammation due to TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, and Cox-2. The ability of rose hip extracts to ameliorate inflammation in primary cultures of cartilage cells seems to associate with an increased genetic expression of specific anabolic factors, collagen type I and aggrecan, and a decreased expression of catabolic factors, MMPs (3, 7, and 13). However, there were no significant differences between rose hip extracts from the two manufacturers.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.35-51
• /
• 2008

Comparative studies in Phase III clinical trials quite often involve two or more equally important endpoints, and one cannot select primary endpoint from them. O'Brien(1984) proposed for continuous endpoints the OLS and GLS statistics as milti-variate test statistics. Pocock et al. (1987) mentioned the possibility of analyzing a mixture of data types, such as quantitative, binary and survival data types, with the OLS and GLS statistics, but the authors did not explore problems in combining several endpoints of different types. Furthermore, they did not perform a simulation study to assess the efficiencies of the OLS and GLS statistics for endpoints of a mixture of data types. In this paper, we propose the combining methods of correlated P-values for the analysis of multiple endpoints, and compare the efficiencies of this method with those of OLS and GLS statistics for a mixture of data types with a simulation study. Among the several methods of combining P-values that are more advantageous than combining of OLS and GLS statistics, method B maintains nominal significance levels and is more efficient, while method F and G have type I error rates that are larger than the specified significance levels, which might occasionally lead to a wrong conclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.9
• /
• pp.1167-1173
• /
• 2009

An extrapolation of bioflavone through biotransformation used Phellinus banmill KCTC16882 applied to 6 different rats group were carried out. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with bioflavone free (normal: NO) diet, high-fat diet (control: CO) and diets containing 0.35%, 0.7% and 3.0% isoflavone for 8 week. Hyperlipidemia was induced by adding lard 200 g and cholesterol 10 g to CO and 0.35, 0.7 and 3.0% bioflavone diet. Bioflavone diet arrested increases in body weight without affecting feed intake in the rats. BFP-3.0 treated group showed signigicant reduction in the serum level of TG, TC and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) compared to the CO, while HDL-cholesterol was increased (p<0.05). The atherogenic index, ALT and AST were decreased in the BFP treated groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that consumption of BFP may lead to extrapolation of an ameliortaion of metabolic syndromes as well as a reduction of cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia through increasing the of HDL-cholesterol, and decreasing the level of TG in serum.