• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.179-201
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• 2015

The subject heading is an elaborate access tool for subject browsing and searching in information retrieval environment. The purpose of this study is to suggest the applicable facets to subject headings in Korea. First, the concepts of subject and the definitions of facets were investigated in the literature review. Second, six cases including OCLC's FAST, PRECIS, "Thesaurus construction and use", CC $7^{th}$ edition, BC $2^{nd}$ Edition, and UDC $3^{rd}$ Edition were analyzed to focus on configuration of facets as case studies. Based on the results, twenty-two facets were proposed including Topical, Event, Geography, Chronology, Personal and Corporate Name, Title, Form, Genre, Language, and Person facets as 11 top facets. Also, Topical-Thing/Entity and Topical-Action/Status, Part, Kind, Property, Whole, Material, Patient, Product, By-Product and Agent facets as sub-facets of Topical facet.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2009

Two diketones, 1,2-phenylpropanedione (PD) and diacetyl (DA) were investigated as new visible light photosensitizers for dental composite resin of bis-GMA in order to improve the photopolymerization effect. The photopolymerization efficiency of bis-GMA composite resin containing PD and DA was studied by IR absorption spectroscopy. And the results were compared with that of camphorquinone (CQ). Relative photopolymerization efficiency of the photosensitizers increased in the order of DA < CQ < PD. Thus. PO is a new visible light photosensitizer for dental composite resin with higher photopolymerization efficiency than that of CQ.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.362-362
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• 2017

최근 기후변화로 인하여 자연재해 발생 빈도가 증가하고 있으며 우리나라의 경우, 자연재해 중에서도 태풍, 호우 등 풍수해의 발생 비율이 높게 나타난다. 최근 곤파스(2010), 무이파(2011), 볼라벤(2012) 등 태풍의 영향으로 많은 인명피해와 1조원 이상의 직접손실이 발생하였다. 이로 인하여 자연재해 예측 및 피해저감을 위한 국가적 차원의 체계적인 방재정책을 수립하고자, 안전관리 기본계획 및 풍수해저감종합계획 등 풍수해 관리를 위한 관련 정책들을 정비하고 있다. 그러나 현행 법률구조상 효율적인 재난관리정책을 뒷받침할 법적 근거가 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 체계적인 풍수해 관리를 위하여 재난관리단계를 예방, 대비, 대응, 복구로 구분하고 관리 현황 분석을 진행하여 풍수해관리 중장기 전략을 제시하였다. 연구방법으로는 풍수해 관련 법령 및 법 제도 체계를 검토하였고, 루사(2002)와 볼라벤의 피해사례 분석을 통해 풍수해 관리 문제점을 파악하였다. 현행 방재정책은 사후복구위주의 중앙정부 중심 체계이며, 피해규모가 대형화되고 복합재난이 발생하는 등 새로운 재해상황을 반영하지 못하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 풍수해 관리에 있어 (1)관련법 규정의 미흡, (2)재해정보의 부족 및 정보관리의 미흡, (3)대응체계의 복잡성, (4)방재산업에 대한 전략적 과학적 투자 미흡 등을 문제점으로 도출하였다. 이와 같은 문제점을 개선한 풍수해관리 중장기 전략은 첫째, 법 제도 개선을 통한 풍수해 관리수준 고도화, 둘째, 재해연보 개선을 통한 풍수해정보관리 고도화, 셋째, 풍수해 피해예측시스템을 활용한 계획적이고 체계적인 재난대응체계 구축, 넷째, 풍수해 저감 핵심기술 확보와 국내 방재산업 활성화 체계 구축으로 제시하였다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.19-42
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• 2017

Nowaday typically international commercial transaction, buyer and seller communicate with each other using standard forms. So called "the battle of forms" results from the exchanges of these forms. There are several problems that have to be solved in the battle of the forms. For example, Do the exchanges of the different terms form a contract? What are the contract terms? Which party's terms could apply? etc. Around the world, two basic types of rules are applied to solve the problem as to the battle of forms : last-shot rule and knock-out rule. In 2015, Hague Conference in Private International Law finally approved Hague Principles. The principles deal with the battle of the forms. Also in 2013, CISG Advisory Council adopted the "Black letter rules" to provide an effective way of resolving regarding the inclusion of standard terms under the CISG. This study would try to comprehensively review the battle of forms concerning Hague Principles and CISG. The aim of this study is to propose the most appropriate way to resolve the problem of the battle of forms both parties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 1980

The sampling methods selected for this area was (1) Simple random sampling (2) Systematic sampling and (3) Sub-sampling. For the calculation of the number of sampling plot, 10 % coefficient of variation was adapted. As a result, 57 plots each for simple random sampling and systematic sampling was calculated. In the sub-sampling method, however, total of 40 plots, which were consisted of 5 Blocks, secondary 4 major units and tertiary 2 minor units, were examined. The reuslts obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The rate of expected error was 9.24% for simple random sampling, 8.36% for systematic sampling and 7.54% for sub-sampling, respectively. Therefore, the sub-sampling was proved to be the most accurate method among the test. 2. The volume calculated by each sampling method was compared to the volume of all stand. The rate of expected error was also lowest in the sub-sampling (0.39%), followed by systematic sampling (4.18%) and simple random sampling (7.92%). 3. Comparing the various reuslts and analysis of these results, the sub-sampling was regarded as the most rapid and economical method because this method had not only the least number of plots but also the least expected error among the tested sampling methods Therefore the sub-sampling is proved to be an ideal sampling method for forest survey.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic power of caries activity test using laser fluorescence. The subjects of this study were 50 children of $7\sim9$ years old. Fluorescence from initial carious lesion of teeth illuminated by an argon laser(480nm) was observed and photographed with barrier filter. Visual examination for the dDfFtT rate and Streptococcus mutans colony counting was done to evaluate correlation with caries activity test using laser fluorescence. Data analysis was accomplished by Axelsson's method. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. There was positive correlation $(\gamma=0.48)$ between laser fluorescence test and Streptococcus mutans count. And also positive correlation $(\gamma=0.39)$ exists between laser fluorescence test and dDfFtT rate (P<0.01). 2. Positive correlation $(\gamma=0.27)$ between Streptococcus mutans colony count and dDfFtT rate was found(P<0.05). 3. When dDfFtT rate was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, senstivity, and diagnostic power of laser fluorescence test were 44.4%, 85.7%, and 87.8%. 4. When dDfFtT rate was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, senstivity, and diagnostic power of S. mutans colony counting were 77.8%, 92.9%, 84.8%. 5. When S. mutans colony counting was defined to standard testing method, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic power of laser fluorescence test were 40.0%, 84.8%, 95.1%. In regard to above results, laser fluorescence test considered to be accurate and reliable method for determining caries activity because of it's close relationship with caries susceptibility test and caries experience measurements. And it was also considered to be practical because it would be simple, inexpensive, and time saving method.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.410-418
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• 2010

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens that can cause staphylococcal infection and food poisoning. In this study, we compared conventional culture methods and real-time PCR for detection of S. aureus in artificially inoculated milk, sausage, raw pork, and vegetable salad. The performance of a coagulase test for confirming S. aureus was also compared with a colony PCR test. Bulk food samples (500 g each) were artificially inoculated with S. aureus and divided into 20 samples (25 g or mL each). All samples were added to tryptic soy broth (225 mL/sample) with 10% NaCl and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. After the enrichment, broth cultures were streaked onto Baird-Parker (BP) agar with egg yolk tellulite, and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. In addition, 1 mL of broth cultures was collected to perform real-time PCR. Two suspicious colonies from the BP agar were picked up and plated on nutrient agar and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h followed, by a coagulase confirmation test and a colony PCR analysis. There were no statistical differences between culture methods and realtime PCR in food samples with low background microflora, such as milk and sausage. However, a significant statistical difference was found between the culture methods and real-time PCR for raw pork and vegetable salad. Furthermore, the colony PCR test of the presumptive colonies on BP agar for confirming S. aureus is more accurate and efficient than the coagulase test for unprocessed foods.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2004

Though diverse methods have been developed to characterize surface charge of soils and pure minerals, there is not still a reliable and rapid method for differentiating permanent charge from variable charge. Thus, it is needed to find out a reasonable method for measuring permanent and pH-dependent charge of soils. In this study various methods such as Cs-adsorption method, Hybrid model, $NH_4{^+}$-adsorption method and theoretical calculation of lattice charge were applied to measure permanent charge of montmorillonite and illite. Calculated lattice charge was $71.82cmol\;kg^{-1}$ and $14.20cmol\;kg^{-1}$ for montmorillonite and illite, respectively. The permanent charge measured by Cs-adsorption method were $78.23cmol\;kg^{-1}$ and $11.13cmol\;kg^{-1}$ for montmorillonite and illite, respectively. The differences between the values measured by Cs-adsorption method and the calculated lattice charge were not different significantly as $6.41cmol\;kg^{-1}$ and $3.07cmol\;kg^{-1}$. But, Hybrid model showed an underestimated values when applied to clay minerals with predominant amounts of permanent charge. The experimental results showed Cs-adsorption method was more reasonable for permanent charge measurement than the Hybrid model for illlte or montmorillonitetype clays.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.125-143
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• 2012

This study aimed to identify the effect of the instruction applied with a project method for the 'Making Model by Architecture' unit in vocational High schools on the improvement of the Key competences. With this aim, the study selected as an experimental group, control group third graders in two classroom in G vocational High Schools in Goyang, Gyeonggi-do. Aiming at the selected students in the experimental group and the control group, the study conducted a pre-test of their Key competences; thus, the study confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference. Then, the study offered a class applied with a project method to the experimental group, while offering a traditional instruction to the control group. After offering the class, the study undertook a post-test, and verified the effect. In order to prove the test result, the study carried out a Hest using the SPSSWIN 12.0 statistical program, while the significance level being ${\alpha}$<.05. The conclusions obtained from this study include the following. All the six selected areas including 'problem-solving skills', 'communication skills', 'resource utilization competence', 'mathematical competence', 'interpersonal management competence' and 'self-management competence', which were supposed to be appropriate for this study among the sub-areas of Key competences, were found to show significant differences between the experimental group applied with a project method and the control group as a result of the post-test of the two groups. In summarizing the above research results, the class using a project method for the 'Making Model by Architecture' unit was discovered to be effective for improving Key competences. In particular, it may be more effective learning method for enhancing six areas greatly relevant to the project method among various sub-areas of Key competences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.385-393
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop and apply the participation-centered lecture model and practice principle developed by the Change Laboratory Method to improve the lecture interaction of nursing education and verify the effect. The experimental group was 91, and control group was 83 students who studied in the 3rd and 4th grade at one College of Nursing, This study developed the detail participatory lecture method on January and February and applied it to the students in March, and April, 2017, In the pre-survey, general characteristics, class attitude, and learning strategies were examined and homogeneity test was conducted. Post-survey was conducted with participation, satisfaction, and performance, The results showed that the experimental group and the control group were homogeneous. The average participation levels of the experimental and control groups were 3.98 and 3.77 respectively(t=2.38, p<.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the satisfaction and achievement. Therefore, it was expected to improve the participation and performance of students through the application of the participation-centered lecture. In the future, it will be necessary to prepare and implement effective methods for improvement of teaching methods in each subject.