• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2001

Safflower has been cultivated in Korea and thought to have excellent effects on bone in oriental medicine and folk remedy and has been taken for a long time. Safflower is thought to be helpful for the development and sustenance of bones according to the result of recent assay of its components. Otherwise, any reliable experimental data have not been suggested so far. We have carried out this study to examine the prophylactic effects of safflower-seed-powder on the prevention of osteoporosis induced by the ovariectomy 12 Weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 230 g was kept in the experimental condition and used in this study. Animals were taken 0.3 g of safflower-seed-powder once a day for 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after ovariectomizing both ovaries and observed the fine structure of tibia. Tissues were fixed with traditional SEM preparation methods and decalcified for 10 hours with 10% nitric acid and dehydration, drying, and gold-coating were followed by the routine procedures and observed with scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, S-450). Loss of bone was started just after ovariectomy and thickness of bone from the medullary cavity to the compact bone was reduced and the extension of medullary cavity was serious in the control group of 7 weeks. Experimental groups taken safflower-seed-powder showed similar findings from 1 week to 7 weeks. These results suggest that the safflower-seed-powder is thought to be efficient for the prevention of osteoporosis owing to the deficiency of female sex hormone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

In order to elucidate physiological factors involved in causing the winter injuries of evergreen Japanese rhododendron (Rhododendron obtusum cv. Hinodegiri) and semi-evergreen rhododendron (Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense), these studies were conducted from late winter to early spring. The results were summarized as follows; The water potential, water content in stem, water potential and content have continuously increased in both species between February and May. In R. yedoense, shading treatment had 0.3MPa upper water potential and 3% upper water content than the control. Rhododendron obtusum, the treatments with shading had 0.9MPa upper water potential and 11% upper water content that the control. The difference of water balance by treatments could be found in vitality of stem measured by TTC test. Especially R. obtusum in the treatments with shading in has higher vitality than the control. we find that winter damage of evergreen R. obtusum was determined by whether water balance could be recovered from water deficient state during the dehardening period, or not. In order to recover of the water balance, decreasing water loss more important than increasing water supply, and that was effectively acrueved by the treatment with shading.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.247-268
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• 2013

Country is security agencies with the launch of the Park Chung Hee government president security service act was enacted since installed successfully now undergoing a large-scale international events reborn professional Security agencies, including the North and the Northeast, but the conflict continues because of the national reduce the threat to the security without a destination. However countermeasures against these threats is emphasized, but in an effort to raise the country is security officials security agencies working environment and training for these studies have not performed in this study was started. In order to achieve this purpose, president security service and the seoul police agency personnel working in the field for 45 people who were interviewed, recently developed by utilizing Nvivo 8 program to improve working conditions in the analysis of organizational culture 51(78.46%), Image 7(10.93%), physical and mental 6(9.37%) were categorized, educational institutions in the direction of a police constable 56(76.71%), educational psychology 12(16.43%), theory of education 5(6.84%) were categorized as high. We look at the research results suggest that the authority of the president security service president security service officials in tissue culture officials were struggling to belong to an organization, you need to induce a change in culture has been raised, the current president of the Security Service, as well as specialized police constable training within the organization establish the necessary institutions respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

The objectives of this paper are to overview present status of soil pollution in Korea, to review the current policies and management strategies for soil pollution prevention and remediation of contaminated sites, and to suggest some recommendations to be considered toward more efficient policies. Soils in Korea are contaminated mainly by industrial facilities, landfills, underground storage tanks, abandoned/inactive mines, military camps, and other sources. Concentrations of most of soil pollutants were similar to the background levels, except for a few heavily contaminated sites such as industrial sites or abandoned/inactive mines. The Soil Environment Conservation Act (SECA), which was effective from 1995, provides a comprehensive legal framework for both preventing soil pollution and remedying contaminated sites in Korea. The Act includes various management policies such as the designation of standards and soil pollution policy area, soil monitoring networks, management of suspected contamination sources, and extended 'polluter-pays' principle. To make current policies more efficient and reasonable, some policies or strategies such as the establishment of national priority list, more detailed standards, risk-based cleanup goal, fund raise, soil erosion problem, and finally, integrity between soil and groundwater management frameworks may need to be pursued in the long term.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.277-278
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• 2009

독일 연방작물보호법(PflSchG-Gesetz zum Schutz der Kulturpflanzen, 1986.9. 15 제정)은 식물강화제(한국의 친환경유기농자재와 동일)에 대한 정의를 3가지로 대별하여 명시하고 연방농림생물학청(BBA)에 신고를 의무화하도록 개정(1998.7. 27)하여 법률적인 근거를 마련하였다. 정부조직 개편으로 인하여 2002년 11월 1일부터 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청(BVL)에서 유기농자재 등록 허가 업무를 주관하고 있다. 식물강화제는 작물보호법에 의하여 허가되는 농약, 생장촉진제, 작물보조제 및 비료관리법(Dungemittelgesetz)에 의한 식물영양제, 식물보조제, 작물재배 배양토 및 토양개량제 등과는 차별화하여 명시하고 있다. 식물강화제는 독일 작물보호법(PflSchG-Gesetz zum Schutz der Kulturpflanzen; Plant Protection Act) 제1장 제2조 10항에 의거하여 (1)유해생물에 대한 저항력을 높여주는 물질, (2)비기생성 피해에 대하여 식물을 보호해 주는 물질, (3)재배작물 이외의 잘려진 관상식물에 사용되는 물질로 정의하고 있다. 이러한 법률적 정의의 요지는 인간과 동물의 건강 및 자연계에 해로운 영향이 없으면서 식물체에 유해한 생물에 대하여 저항성만을 높여주는 물질을 말하며, 기상 및 환경공해 등에 의한 장해도 유해생물에 의한 것과 동일하게 간주되며 이에 대한 저항성을 높여 주는 물질도 포함시키고 있다. 식물강화제는 원칙적으로 유해생물 방제에 직접적으로 작용시키기 위한 이용목적으로 사용할 수 없으며, 단지 작물의 저항성을 높이는 경우에 한하여야 사용된다. 식물강화제의 등록 허가신청은 생산자, 판매업자 또는 수입업자가 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청(BVL)에 신청하여야 한다. 이렇게 신청된 식물강화제는 작물보호법 제2조에 의거하여 이루어진다. 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청의 작물보호제의 관리부서는 특별한 문제가 없는 한 4개월 이내에 등록을 허가하고 목록을 홈페이지에 목록을 공시한다. 목록공시는 통상적으로 매월 초순에 1회 게시된다. 허가 등록 절차는 맨처음 서류가 접수되면 구비서류가 완전한지 여부를 검토하여 신청서류에 문제가 없으면 4부를 복사하여 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청(BVL, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety), 환경청(UBA, Federal Environment Agency), 연방농림생물학청(BBA, Federal Biogical Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry) 및 위해성평가연구소(BfR, Fedral Institute for Risk Assessment)에 우편으로 해당부서에 발송한다. 4개 기관이 검토한 내용이 서로 상이한 판단을 하였을 경우 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청은 등록 허가결정을 하기 전에 "전문가위원회"를 개최하여 의견을 청취한다. 전문위원회는 연방농림생물청, 환경부, 위해성평가연구소 연구원 등 작물, 독성 및 환경보호 전문가 25인으로 구성되어있다. 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청의 작물보호 제2부서(식물강화제 검토부서)는 전문위원과 검토기관의 의견을 종합하여 자체적으로 등록 허가 여부를 결정하여 제품 신청자에게 결정 내용을 통보함으로서 등록절차가 마무리 된다. 독일의 식물강화제, 즉 유기농자재는 국가에서 허가한 제품에 한하여 유기농업연구소(FiBL)에서 허용목록 책자를 만들어 유기농업단체 제공하면 단체에 따라 사용가능 유기농자재 제품을 다시 선별하여 회원에게 알려준다. 2009년 11월 30일 현재 독일의 연방소비자보호 및 식품안전청(BVL)에서 허가 공시한 식물강화제는 490개 제품에 이르고 있다.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

Total implanted central venous port (TIAP, Chemoport) is widely used in oncology patients because it does not require external dressing and restricts patient activity. Chemoport only requires monthly flushes of heparinized saline to keep the patency of the catheter and probably less prone to infectious complications than tunneled catheter. Despite the extensive use of permanent central venous access in oncology patients, there are only few reports about clinical experience of the Groshong catheter. The purpose of this study is to compare the complication rate between the traditional open-ended (non-valved) chemoports and valved chemoports (Groshong catheter connected to TIAP). During 5 years (Jan 2006 to May 2010), 438 patients received chemoport insertion procedure in our interventional radiology department. Among them 30 patients was referred to our department for problematic chemoports. We compared the cause of problematic chemoports between two types of chemoports (valved, vs. non-valved). Valved chemoports had higher referral rates than non-valved chemoports. When there is a need to insert valved port, different method of insertion and maintenance procedure seems to be necessary. More than 20 ml of flusing with heparinized saline after blood sampling could be a good suggestion. Adequate care of chemoport is essential for long patency. Also following the guideline from the manufacturing company is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.252-257
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• 2010

The experiments were carried out to develop ecological weed control system in wheat field of rice-wheat cropping system. The results were, depression effect on water foxtail by wheat seeding method decreased the seeding after doing soil rotary by 85% compared with the no practices. The occurrence of Water foxtail was 40 piece $m^{-2}$ on October 16, 29 piece $m^{-2}$ on October 26, and 4 piece $m^{-2}$ when surveying based on the standard of seeding the wheat at 15kg $ha^{-1}$ which decreased as the seeding time got later. According to the wheat seeding quantity 29 piece $m^{-2}$ occurred at 150kg $ha^{-1}$, and 8-11 piece $m^{-2}$ decreasingly at more than 200 kg $ha^{-1}$ of wheat seedlings based on seeding on October 26. As a result of summarizing the above results, crushing the soil by use of rotary before seeding wheat against the end of October, and seeding by increasing the seedling quantity (200 kg $ha^{-1}$) it is judged that the competition damage by weeds including water foxtail can be reduced without any use of herbicide.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2000

Structural glued laminated timbers were manufactured from Japanese larch(Larix leptolepis) lumber. The effect of various factors, such as finger joint, strength of lamination, on the strength properties of glulam was investigated. When only MOE of lamina was used as input variable for the estimation of strength properties of glulam, the deviations between actual and simulated results were increased with the number of lamination, because the effects of variance of lamina properties on the strength estimation of glulam were cumulated with the number of lamination. Therefore, to estimate the MOR of glulam more careful approach was needed. Besides, both MOE and MOR of lamination were used as input variable to compare the effect of input variable. In the case of finger jointed lamination was located in tension zone, MOE of glulam was some effected, because of the variation of MOE of lamination and the deficiency of information for knot. In the case of finger jointed lamination wasn't located in tension zone, more exact estimation was possible than the case of finger jointed lamination was located in tension zone. From the results, it was concluded that more exact estimation of strength properties of glulam could be obtained by considering effects of both finger joint and knot.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of weight loss and the change of serum lipids composition for normal and obese women after sprout raw grains and vegetables diet intake. Diet were given to the subjects which were composed of 11 normal women and 7 obese women for 4 weeks. After diet intake, 4.6% in normal group and 3.5% in obese group were shown weight loss. And the both groups of normal and obese women showed a significant reduction in the thickness of subcutaneous fat and the body girth. Particularly, the waist measure was shown to be remarkably reduced in the normal group (p< 0.0001) and to be reduced in the obese group (p<0.017) significantly. After diet intake. the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced in both groups significantly. And in the obese women, HDL-cholesterol level increased 5.7%. As those results, it could be seen that weight and the thickness of subcutaneous fat were reduced and the component of blood serum were improved after diet intake for 4 weeks. Specially, abdomen, waist measures and hip girth were reduced remarkably, so it is considered that the diet is more effective in the diet therapy of obese women with upper obese status.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.628-634
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of cheonggukjang containing walnuts at 0, 10, 20, or 30%. Amino nitrogen content was decreased with increasing content of walnuts. However, cheonggukjang containing 30% of walnuts met the standard of food sanitation act. Volatile basic nitrogen contents of cheonggukjang containing walnuts was lower than that of cheonggukjang containing no walnut. There was no significant difference in total amino acid content for cheonggukjang containing 0%, 10%, or 20% of walnuts. However, total amino acid content in cheonggukjang containing 30% of walnuts was significantly lower than that in cheonggukjang containing 0%, 10%, or 20% of walnuts. The content of essential amino acid in cheonggukjang containing 30% of walnuts was also significantly lower than that in cheonggukjang containing 0%, 10%, or 20% of walnuts. Saturated fatty acid content was decreased significantly from 16.7% to 3.6% when the content of was increased from 0% to 30%. Total unsaturated fatty acid contents was increased with increasing amounts of walnut added to cheonggukjang. Result of sensory evaluation revealed that the taste and overall quality of cheonggukjang made with 10~20% walnuts were significantly higher compared to those of ordinary cheonggukjang. These results suggest that cheonggukjang made with 10~20% walnuts could be developed as a novel fermented food.