• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.90-103
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• 1996

식물 양분으로서 유황의 중요성에 관심이 증가되고 있으며 더욱이 대기에서 유래된 유황함량이 감소되고 집약적인 농업으로 유황의 수요가 늘어나고 있다. 호주에서 유황 부족 현상이 1915에 확인된 이래 이 문제를 해결하기 위한 장기적이고 지속적인 연구가 수행되었다. 1980년까지 과석 사용으로 유황의 결핍상황은 나타나지 않았으나 작물 재배가 집약화되고 과석이 고농도비료로 대체되어 사용되면서 유황부족 현상이 증가되었다. 호주의 다우 지역에서 수행된 인광석 시험포장 30군데 중$43\%$가 2년 차에서 효과가 있었다. 토양 유황 검정사업을 통해 유황 분포상황을 파악하게 되었고 시기에 맞는 연구를 통하여 유황 비료 시용으로 유황 결핍을 극복할수 있는 비료정책 발전에 기여하게 되었다. 인도네시아에서는 유황 부족 현상은 과석과 유기질 비료 시용에서 중과석과 요소로 대체되면서 진전되었다. 쌀 생산을 위한 국가 계획에 유안을 질소로서 $25\%$ 포함시킨 효과적인 지도 활동으로 좋은 결과를 얻고 있다. 시비관리로 유황 부족 지역에 유황을 시용하는 노력을 지속하고 있다. 쌀 생산을 위한 유황비료 종류, 시용시기 및 위치 등에 관한 연구가 실용적으로 수행되고 있다. 인도네시아에서의 효과적인 종합 양분으로서의 유황 문제 해결은 연구, 지도, 행정 및 산업계의 상호 밀접한 관계를 요구하고 있다. 중국에서는 유황 부족 토양은 대기로의 유황 방출이 감소되고 고농도 비료, 저유황 비료의 시용으로 급격하게 증가되고 있다. 대부분의 중국 토양은 유황 흡수능이 낮아 생산성은 시용 유황 함량에 따라 결정된다. 유황 결핍과 양분으로서의 수지균형 관계를 이해 하므로서 농업에서의 유황 관리 체계 수립이 무엇보다 중요하다.X>$\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$에서는 5.4%로서 가장 낮은 성장을 보였다. 성장률의 전체적인 양상은 노출농도가 증가할수록 성장이 떨어지는 결과를 보였으며, 사료효율과 마찬가지로 노출농도 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$ 이상에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈다.circ}C$에서 각각 3.95-28.9개, 2.9-28.95개 및 1.7-13.6개로 제공된 먹이간에 차이가 현저하였다. 따라서 먹이간 성충 포식량의 현저한 차이는 기주선호성에 따른 것으로 생각된다.군에서 높았으며, elongation index(20:4$\omega$6⇒22:4$\omega$6)는 old군에서 낮았다. 대부분의 elongation과 desaturation 단계는 연령에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 못하였으나, $\omega$3계 지방산의 전체적 elongation-desaturation 단계를 나타내는 products-fatty acid($\omega$3)/a-LNA($\omega$3) 비율이 old군에서 young군보다 유의하게 높아, 연령에 따른 PUFA 대사의 변화가 관찰되었다. 이 상에서와 같이, 콩 단백질의 섭취로 흰쥐 혈장 인지질의 ∑MUFA조성은 낮고 ∑SFA 조성은 높아 다른 지질 강화성 분의 섭취와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준이 높은 old군에서 체내 막조직의 유동성을 유지하기 위해 PUFA의 합성 특히 $\omega$3계 지방산의 elongation-desaturation이 증가하여 총 PUFA 조성이

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.3-22
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• 2000

이용자의 경로선택 형태를 모사하는 통행배정모형 결과의 정확도는 교통계획에 상당한 영향을 미친다. 이용자의 경로선택 결정과정에서 가장 중요한 판단기준은 통행시간과 통행요금이다. 그런데 통행요금은 이용자의 경로거리에 따라 다양한 방식으로 부과되므로, 링크를 분석단위로 하는 기존의 통행배정모형은 현실적인 통행요금 반영이 힘들었고 또한 수요예측 결과를 이용한 다양한 분석에서 제약을 받아 왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 배경에서 경로교통량을 도출할 수 있는 경로기반 통행배정모형을 구축하였고, 또한 경로거리에 따라 결정되는 현실적인 통행요금을 반영할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 경로기반 배정모형에서는 GP(Gradient Projection) 알고리즘을 이용하였고, 계산상의 효율성 제고를 위해 K-최단경로 알고리즘 중 MPS(Minimal Path Search) 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 개발된 배정 모형은 현실적인 통행요금을 반영할 수 있으므로 통행배정 결과의 정밀도를 향상시켰을 뿐만 아니라 기존 배정모형에 비해 최적해로의 수렴속도도 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문의 배정모형은 경로교통량이 도출되고 통행요금을 반영할 수 있으므로, 통행요금과 통행 거리 관계에 따른 목적함수의 규명과 그에 따른 효과척도를 계량화할 수 있다. 따라서 본 모형은 통행배정에서 실재상황을 보다 현실여건에 맞도록 규명할 수 있고, 기존의 제한적인 효과분석의 문제점을 해결할 수 있으므로 그 활용범위가 넓다. 또한 본 논문은 개발된 배정모형의 적용사례로서 고속도로 수요관리 요금체계 개선방안을 제시하였다. 기존의 고속도로 통행요금 산정 방법은 이론적 근거가 미약했던 반면, 본 논문에서 개발된 배정모형과 고속도로 수요관리 요금체계 개선방안은 고속도로 통행료 결정에 대한 과학적이고 합리적인 분석방법을 제공하였다.한 민감도 분석을 실시한 결과 대안1의 경우 교통량의 변화 및 화물통행의 시간가치의 증가시 사회적 편익이 오히려 감소하였고, 대안2와 3의 경우 사회적 편익이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 경부고속도로의 화물차량의 구성비에 따라 대안 1의 경우 오히려 화물차의 통행시간이 증가함에 그 원인이 있다 할 것이다. 이상과 같은 결론을 통하여 경부고속도로상의 화물전용차선의 설치시는 수답렬 교통량의 구성비와 구간 평균교통량에 의하여 그 효과가 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 물류비용 절감차원에서의 화물전용차선의 설치는 본 연구에서 나타낸 방법과 같이 수단간의 경제적 편익을 고려한 구간별 시간대별 효과분석을 통하여 정책의 시행여부가 결정되어야 할 것이다. 한편, 화물전용차선의 설치로 인한 물류비용의 절감을 보다 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 종합류류 전산망의 시급한 구축과 함께 화물차의 적재율을 높이고 공차율을 낮출 수 있는 운송체계의 수립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 그라나 이러한 화물전용차선의 효과는 단기적인 치유책일 수밖에 없기 때문에 물류유통 시설의 확충을 위한 사회간접자본의 구축을 서둘러 시행하여야 할 것이다.으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한 시추공 내 물리검층과 정압주입시험에서도 확인된다.. It was resulted from increase of weight of single cocoon. "Manta"2.5ppm produced 22.2kg of co

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.65-85
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• 2022

In this study, in order to derive the priority of indicators and sustainability areas of smart ports, which means ports in the digital era, previous studies and ESG, which have recently been indispensably introduced in all industries worldwide, were studied together. A hierarchical structure was established with upper evaluation items and 20 lower evaluation items in four areas (operational, environmental, social, and governance), and a relative evaluation method of weighting items among the AHP techniques was applied. The pairwise comparison questionnaire consisted of a 9-point scale proposed by Satty (1980). A survey was conducted targeting working-level workers who perform sustainability or ESG(Environmental, Social, Governance)-related work at four representative port authorities in Korea (Busan, Incheon, Ulsan, Yeosu Gwangyang). In order to increase the accuracy of the analysis results, AHP analysis was conducted on 17 questionnaires with a consistency ratio of 0.1 or less. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that among the four areas representing the sustainability of domestic smart ports, the operation area had the highest priority, followed by the environment area. In addition, looking at the overall priorities for the 20 detailed indicators, indicators such as operational efficiency, operational planning, energy management, and pollution measurement and management system were found to have high priority. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the social and the governance areas had relatively low importance compared to other areas.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.141-160
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to devise a specific plan for activating sports to promote health in old age against the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. Through literature review, it also analyzed the association between health status and COVID-19 in old age, suggested health promotion policies and projects for elderly people, and presented a plan for activating sport to promote health in old age against COVID-19 era. First, it is necessary to revise the relevant laws, including the Sport Promotion Act and the Elderly Welfare Act, partially or entirely, make developmental and convergent legislations for elderly health and sports, and establish an institutional device as needed. Second, it is necessary to build an integrated digital platform for the elderly and make a supporting system that links facilities, programs, information, and job creation as part of a New Deal program in the field of sports on the basis of the Korean New Deal. Third, it is necessary to train elderly welfare professionals. Efforts should be made to establish more departments related to elderly sports in universities and make it compulsory to place elderly sports instructors at elderly leisure and welfare facilities. Fourth, it is necessary to develop contents related to health in old age. This means performing diverse movements by manipulating them through a virtual reality (VR) simulation. Fifth, it is necessary to make a greater investment in research and development related to elderly sports and relevant fields. This means the need to conduct constant research on healthy and active aging in a systematic and practical way through multidisciplinary cooperation. Sixth, it is necessary to establish and operate an elderly management agency (elderly health agency) under the influence of the Office of the Prime Minister. This means the need to secure independence in implementing the functions related to health promotion in old age and make comprehensive operation, which involves all the issues of health promotion in old age, daily function maintenance and rehabilitation, social adjustment, and long-term care, by establishing an elderly management agency in an effort to give lifelong health management to the elderly and cope with the untact, New Normal age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.785-795
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• 2018

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has recognized the risk of hull fouling and announced '2011 Guidelines for the control and management of ship's biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species'and is planning international regulations to enforce them in the future. In this study, to effectively respond to future international regulation, we introduce the case of leading countries related to management of hull fouling and also investigate environmental risk assessment techniques for in-water cleaning. Australia and New Zealand, the leading countries in hull fouling management, have established hull fouling regulations through biological and chemical risk assessment based on in-water cleaning scenarios. Most European countries without their government regulation have been found to perform in-water cleaning in accordance with the IMO's hull fouling regulations. In the Republic of Korea, there is no domestic law for hull fouling organisms, and only approximately 17 species of marine ecological disturbance organisms, are designated and managed under the Marine Ecosystem Law. Since in-water cleaning is accompanied by diffusion of alien species and release of chemical substances into aquatic environments, results from biological as well as chemical risk assessment are performed separately, and then evaluation of in-water cleaning permission is judged by combining these two results. Biological risk assessment created 40 codes of in-water cleaning scenarios, and calculated Risk Priority Number (RPN) scores based on key factors that affect intrusion of alien species during in-water cleaning. Chemical risk assessment was performed using the MAMPEC (Marine Antifoulant Model to Predict Environmental Concentrations), to determine PEC and PNEC values based on copper concentration released during in-water cleaning. Finally, if the PEC/PNEC ratio is >1, it means that chemical risk is high. Based on the assumption that the R/V EARDO ship performs in-water cleaning at Busan's Gamcheon Port, biological risk was estimated to be low due to the RPN value was <10,000, but the PEC/PNEC ratio was higher than 1, it was evaluated as impossible for in-water cleaning. Therefore, it will be necessary for the Republic of Korea to develop the in-water cleaning technology by referring to the case of leading countries and to establish domestic law of ship's hull fouling management, suitable for domestic harbors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.201-230
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• 2001

Conserving the recored cultural inheritance is actually the duty of all of us. Above all, the management and conservation of archives and documents is up to archivists who have technical knowledge about archival science. Archivists have to not only conserve archives and documents but also carry out classifying and appraising them in order to define them as current historic ones. The fundamental education about archival science is made up of history and law. Because Archive is the organisation which manage archives and documents produced by legal and administrative actions. Although there are still arguments about technical knowledge and degree archivists have to acquire, most of them prefer the studies related with history and emphasize legal studies to be the general boundary of archivits' ideology and trust. The training course about conservation of archives is conducted in about 9 National Archives of Torino, Milano, Venezia, Genova, Bologna, Parma, Roma, Napoli, Palermo. The training course in 19th was mostly based on the lectures of Phaleography, Diplomatics. There were not the education about archival science yet. Toward the end of 19th and 20th, people stressed the most basic subject in the training course of National Archive was not Phaleography and Diplomatics but archival science. The goal of archival science is to study the institution and organisation transferring archives and documents to Archive. And also it help archivists not wander about with ignorance of organisational and original procedures and divisions but know exactly theirs works. Like this, the studies on institution and organisation have got in the saddle as a branch of archival science since a few ten years. While archival science didn't evoke sympathy among people and experienced the tedious and difficult path in italy and other countries, Archive was managed by experts of other branches. As a result, there were a lot of faults in Archival Science. Specializing training course for Italian archivists came into being under the backdrop of Social Science Institute of Roma National University in 1925. The archival course of universities accomplished by the studies of history, law and economy. And such as Eugenio Casanova and Giorgio Cencetti were devoted archival science was abled to settle down in national archive. The training course for experts of 'archival science, 'Phaleography and Diplomatics' in National Archive of Bologna(Archivio di Stato di Bologna) is one of courses conducted in 17 National Archives in italy. This course is gratuitous and made up of 8 subjects(Archivistica, Paleografia, Diplomatica, Storia dell' Archivio, Notariato e documenti privati, istituzione medievale, istituzione moderna, istituzione contemporanea) students have to complete for two years. Students can receive the degree through passing twice written exam and once oral test. After department of Culture and education finally puts the marks of students, the chief Nationa Archive of Bologna confer the degree of 'archival science Phaleography and Diplomatics' on students passing the exams. This degree authenticates trainees' qualification which enables him to work at the archive in province, district and administrative capital city and archive of comunity and so on. Italian training course naturally leads archivists to keep in contact with valuable cultural inheritance through training in Archive. And it shows the intention to strengthen the affinity with each documents in the spot of archival management before training archivists. Also this is appraised as one of positive policies to conserve the local cultual inheritante in connection with the original qualitity of national archive with testify the history of each region. Traning course for archivist in Italy shows us the way how we have to prepare and proceed it. First, from producing documents to conserving than forever there has introduced 'original order that is to say a general rule to respect the first order given at the time producing documents'. Management of administrative documents is related consistently with one of historical documents. Second, the traning course for archivist is managing around 17 national archives. because italian national archive lay stress not or rducation of theory bus on train for archivest working in the first time of archival science. Third, diplomatics and phaleography for studies about historical document support archives. Forth, the studies on history id proceeding by cooperation between archivist and historian around archive. How our duties is non continuinf disputer who has to conserve and manage document and archives, but traing experts who having ability, vision and flexible thought, responsibility about archivals.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2014

It is increasingly supported by scientific evidence that greenhouse gas caused by human activities is changing the global climate. In particular, the changing climate has affected human health, directly or indirectly, and its adverse impacts are estimated to increase in the future. In response, many countries have established and implemented a variety of mitigation and adaptation measures. However, it is significant to note that climate change will continue over the next few centuries and its impacts on human health should be tackled urgently. The purpose of this paper is to examine domestic policies and research in health sector in adaptation to climate change. It further aims to recommend future research directions for enhanced response to climate change in public health sector, by reviewing a series of adaptation policies in the selected countries and taking into account the general features of health adaptation policies. In this regard, this study first evaluates the current adaptation policies in public health sector by examining the National Climate Change Adaptation Master Plan(2011~2015) and Comprehensive Plan for Environment and Health(2011~2020) and reviewing research to date of the government and relevant institutions. For the literature review, two information service systems are used: namely, the National Science and Technology Information Service(NTIS) and the Policy Research Information Service & Management(PRISM). Secondly, a series of foreign adaptation policies are selected based on the global research priorities set by WHO (2009) and reviewed in order to draw implications for domestic research. Finally, the barriers or constraints in establishing and implementing health adaptation policies are analyzed qualitatively, considering the general characteristics of adaptation in the health sector to climate change, which include uncertainty, finance, technology, institutions, and public awareness. This study provides four major recommendations: to mainstream health sector in the field of adaptation policy and research; to integrate cross-sectoral adaptation measures with an aim to the improvement of health and well-being of the society; to enhance the adaptation measures based on evidence and cost-effectiveness analysis; and to facilitate systemization in health adaptation through setting the key players and the agenda.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2019

If a new utility tunnel is planned for high density existing urban areas in Korea, a rational decision-making process such as the determination of optimum design capacity by using the feasibility evaluation system based on quantitative evaluation indexes and the economic evaluation is needed. Thus, the previous study presented the important weight of individual higher-level indexes (3 items) and sub-indexes (16 items) through a hierarchy analysis (AHP) for quantitative evaluation index items, considering the characteristics of each urban type. In addition, an economic evaluation method was proposed considering 10 benefit items and 8 cost items by adding 3 new items, including the effects of traffic accidents, noise reduction and socio-economic losses, to the existing items for the benefit cost analysis suitable for urban utility tunnels. This study presented a quantitative feasibility evaluation method using the important weight of 16 sub-index items such as the road management sector, public facilities sector and urban environment sector. Afterwards, the results of quantitative feasibility and economic evaluation were compared and analyzed in 123 main road sections of the Seoul. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation method was proposed by the combination of the two evaluation results. The design capacity optimization program, which will be developed by programming the logic of the quantitative feasibility and economic evaluation system presented in this study, will be utilized in the planning and design phases of urban community zones and will ultimately contribute to the vitalization of urban utility tunnels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.373-380
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to estimate satisfaction and evaluation degree of students' spot-practice in department of food and nutrition and to investigate relating factors to them for development of spot-practice Programme. The survey for analysis was conducted through the questionnaires to 229 students finished internship. Proportions of the students were 93.9% for senior, 93.9% for female. Proportions of spot-practice facilities were 38.9%, 46.7%, and 14.4% for school, business & industry, and hospital respectively. The major part of subjects (83.8%) took part in spot-practice during 2 weeks. The satisfaction scores to spot-practice were the lowest for pay, and the highest for a kind of spot-practice facilities. The evaluation scores were the lowest for 'I made a plan and prepared my work in advanced', and the highest for 'I did my best for doing my work'. The satisfaction score in hospital was significantly lower than those in school or business & industry. The satisfaction score in self-operated foodservice was significantly higher than that in contract managed one. However, there no significant differences in evaluation scores by foodsevice employment type. In the case of coincidence of area in spot-practice and residence, or facilities of spot-practice and job desired, the satisfaction and evaluation scores were significantly higher than those of others. The period of spot-practice was significantly positively correlated with satisfaction scores for atmosphere of spot-practice facilities, service and treatment for spot-practice student, while negatively correlated with evaluation score for 'I did my best for doing my work'. The spot-practice pay was significantly positively correlated with satisfaction and evaluation scores for various items. In conclusion, various factors are related to satisfaction and evaluation degree of spot-practice students, and consist concern and support from college St university, foodservice institution, and government for systematic spot-Practice are required.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2012

Establishment of the LFQC (Liquid Fertilizer Quality Certification) system is very urgent issue for recycling livestock manure as renewable resources in Korea faced with environmental problem of manure application to land due to intensive livestock farming. In this study, we investigated relevant laws and regulations on livestock manure fertilizer, certifications of eco-friendly agricultural products, government policies on livestock manure management to establish reasonable direction of Korean LFQC (Liquid Fertilizer Quality Certification) system. As a result from this study, the liquid fertilizers in 'LFQC' system could be classified as three levels according to the usage patterns in field; 1st. Individual Farm Level (IFL), 2nd. Joint Farm Level (JFL), and 3rd. Commercial Level (CML). And finally, we found some characteristics in 'Main Level-Grading Factors' of liquid fertilizer such as fertilizing value, harmfulness, stability, uniformity, economic effect, storage potential, commercial value, functionality. Those items were considered to be the key factors for the establishment of 'LFQC' system. More research on 'Evaluation Standards' for concrete guideline and on the 'Main Level-Grading Factors' be needed to complete Korean LFQC system.