• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2005

This study carried out to compared a rutin content in seed and plant of tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum) to collect in the world. Rutin content in seed and plant parts of tartary buckwheat is higher than F. esculentum and F. cymosum. Rutin contents in plant parts of 3 species was higher with order of flower> leaf> seed> stem> root and that of tartary buckwheat was higher about 3.2 times in flower and about 3.1 times in stem and about 65 times in seed of F. esculentum. Compared to rutin contents for seed color and shape of tartary buckwheat 50 lines, seed color was higher with order of dark gray>black>brown and seed shape was higher with order of Slender> Notched> Round. Rutin content in plant parts of cultivated lines was higher than wild lines. Compared to rutin contents in plant parts of tartary buckwheat collected at the different region, Bhutan line had much higher than other lines. Rutin contents were lower than in the leaf and stem of Pakistan line and in the seed of India line.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.673-677
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• 1997

It has been reported that E. senticosus is effective for strengthening the liver, reduction of blood sugar levels, antistress and rainforcement of stamina. However, most of the extraction from this medicinal plant is imported from foreign countries. Therefore, farmers have tried to grow it in this country even though it is difficult to propagate by seeding method. This study was carried out to improve seeding propagation using seeds in National Honam Agricultural Experinment Station from '92 to '93. The seeds of E. senticosus were immature embryo at the time of gathering seeds in autumn, and needed wet stratification treatment for after-ripening. Embryo elongated slowly for a few days after stratification treatment, and cotyledon started to develop from 40 days after treatment. There were significantly positive correlation between after-ripening period and the ratio of embryo length. Dehiscence was the highest in the ratio of embryo length of 60∼70％, and percentage of dehiscent seed after treatment for 150 days was 76.5％.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 1991

A few Korean native rice cultivars, 'Sharei' and red rice which are regarded as weedy rice and a rice sample enshrined in the Buddha's Image were examined for the grain shape, seed coat color, amylose content, alkali digestibility and esterase response pattern. Among the Korean native varieties which are collected during 1920's and preserved up to now, there are some varieties belong to the typical Indicas. Some lines of 'Sharei' and some collections of red rice from farmer's field showed the evidence of Indica rice. A rice sample which was enshrined in the Buddha's image in 1302 looked like a mixtures of Indica and Japonica. Reviewing the articles from the old books describing characteristics and some reports on the Indica rice in Korea, it was deduced that the Indica rice was grown in Korea in some extent before 1300.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.2 s.39
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• pp.101-106
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• 1979

Present studies were carried out to get a basic information for biological control of soybean rod borer, Grapholitha glycinivorella Matsumura, causing main injury in soybean cultivation in Korea. 1474 native strains were cultivated in field to evaluate the pod borer damage. Pubescence density and color, maturity group, seed coat color, aphid and general leaf damage and seed damage by pod borer were investigated, and determined among their relationships. As another basic study for ecological control of insect, 6 leading varieties were planted on different planting date with 3 levels of plant spacing, on which pod borer damage and some related agronomic characters were studied. The results obtained one summarized as follows: Average injury of soybean pod borer was $5.2\%$ ranging $0-38\%$ in 1474 strains planted on 20 May. Non-significant correlations were found between pod borer damage and pubescence density and color, while pod borer damage closely related with maturity groupand aphid damage at $5\%$ level ofttests. Most severe damage was found in green seed coast color and maturity group V. Late and sparse plantings tend to have more damages to the pod borer than those of early and dense plantings. Pod setting date and period of pod maturing seemed related with pod borer damage. Bongeui and Chungbuk-baik cultivars were resistance to soybean pod borer, while Clark and Kumkang-daerip were susceptible in field tests.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2002

Barley varieties collected from 1940 to 1951 allover the Korean peninsula by Dr. Takahashi Ryuhei were reintroduced from the Research Institute for Bioresouces in Okayama University, Japan, and the evaluation of morphological characteristics and RAPD analysis were performed. Totally, 493 varieties of Korean barley landraces were planted in the green house, from which seeds of 491 varieties were harvested and conserved in the seedbank of the Rural Development Administration. Majority of the naked barley varieties showed dense spikes with long awn, late heading, winter habits, and long plant height. However, variants having various phenotypes such as short awn, blue aleurone color, brachytic type and waxyness were also identified. Plant height, spike length, and cold-tolerance in the varieties were also highly variable among them. Homogeneity tests on the variation of growth habits, spike density, anthocyanin pigmentation on the seed coat, and hairiness on leaf sheath between naked and covered barley showed that the variations of naked barley were similar to those of covered barley. It maybe indicate that the most of naked barley landraces were mutated from the covered barley landraces. Korean landraces of naked barley were broadly divided into 4 groups by the dendrogram produced by morphological characteristics; however, the identities of the group were rather indistinct. Many varieties, belonged to the same group, were showed different band patterns in RAPD analysis using 5 different primer sets. These results indicate that the 112 varieties of naked barley landraces were different genotypes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the hemp (Cannabis sativa cv. Chungsam) seed structure and ultrastructure of food reserves by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We examined the seed coat and embryo consisting of a hypocotyl-radicle axis and two cotyledons. The seed coat consisted of exotesta and endotesta. The exotesta was a mechanical layer with lignified and elongated cells, while endotesta of the underlying layers of the exotesta was consisted of two separated cell layers. The collapsed outer layer of endotesta showed the unique reticulate structures. In cotyledon cells, protein and lipid bodies occupied most of cytoplasm. Protein bodies varied in diameter from 1.8 to $5.0{\mu}m$ and possessed a protein matrix containing electron-dense globoid crystals. Numerous lipid bodies ranged from 0.8 to $3.0{\mu}m$ in diameter were distributed around the protein bodies. During the early stages of breakdown, protein bodies rapidly changed their shape into the granular feature, however, lipid bodies were gradually degradated and fused each other. The degeneration process of protein bodies and lipid bodies of cotyledon cells might be correlated with the reports which hemp seeds rapidly lose their ability to germinate.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics and optimal germination conditions in seeds of Arabis pendula L., a traditionally edible and medicinal plant. The external seed shape was circular-obovate with narrow wings and dark brown. The seed length and width were 1.25 mm and 1.47 mm, respectively. The seeds were exalbuminous and the embryo was a bent type. Seed germination was the highest (49.7%) at $20^{\circ}C$ under dark conditions among the various temperature and light conditions applied. However, under the dark condition, the seedling was weak, overgrown, and the cotyledons were small and folded. To improve the germination and growth of seedlings, the seeds were pre-treated with $GA_3$ solutions of varying concentrations (0, 200, 500, and 1,000 mg/L). The seed germination and seedling growth were effectively improved by $GA_3$ pre-treatment. The germination rate was the highest (97.3%), mean germination time was the shortest (8.1 days), and a vigorous growth of seedlings was observed upon pre-soaking the seeds in 500 mg/L $GA_3$ solution. In conclusion, the best method for germination was pre-soaking in 500 mg/L $GA_3$ ($4^{\circ}C$, dark, 24 h) and incubating the seeds at $20^{\circ}C$ for 15 days.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.153-157
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• 1984

In order to investigate an etiological characteristics of the pepper anthracnose fungus infected with Collectotrichum dematium, this experiment was undertaken. Isolation percent of the fungus was 55.3% from the seed sample of Jewon and 0.3% from that of Eumsung Kun, according to seed health blotter method. Although the acervulus was similar to the known two Colletotricum species, C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides, setae was not only straightly extended above the acervulus, but also shaped as falcate conidia ranging $12{\sim}31.2{\times}2.4{\sim}4.8{\mu}m$. Acervului of the fungus were evenly scattered on the surface of pepper seed coat, and caused seedling blight after seed germination. Pre-and post-emergence seedling blight as well as foliar lesion and fruit rot was confirmed by inoculating conidial suspension. No typical anthracnose sysmptom was obtained from soybean seedlings, welsch onion and spinach seedlings upon inoculation. Therefore, this fungus is said to the undescribed form species of the fungus of pepper in Korea (Colletotricum dematium f. sp. capsicum).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1993

The predeccessor of Danjanjinja was Myorak temple which is built in the 7th century. At that age, the Buddhist culture of Japan had highly prospected by transmitting Buddhism to Japan from Han peninsular On the other hand, the private god of Fujiwara family in Danjanjinja is Uchigami which is one of typical Japanese popular belief like Dangshin of Korean's. Through these historical background, it could by presumed that the Kakitsisai might be the original form of Korean Buddhist sacrificial offerings from ancient age. So this study on Kakitsisai what had handed down from generation to generation about for 1300 years help us to study and estimate the ancient dietary culture of Korean and Japanese. 1. Kakitsisai performed high filling method in the sacrificial offerings like Kasuga, Horyuji and Korea. 2. The patterns and colors of high filling offerings are various in Korea and Japan. 3. They used unpolished rice by ancient rice, and called red and black one. We can guess both of countries ate unpolished rice at that age. 4. They used many kind of ancient wild fruits and vegetables. We could recognize what the ancients had eaten the foods.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 1997

This research was conducted to investigate morpological and growth characteristics of 358 Coix lacryma-jopbi mayuen STAF collected in Korea. The test collections contained 76% medium wide-type leaf, 59% medium size-type seed, 34% large size-type seed, 70% elliptical-type shell, 50% brown shell color, 92% low stem color and hardness of seed coat averaged $3.4kg/cm^2$ with the range of $1.1{\sim}18.7kg/cm^2$. 24% adaptable plant height ranged from 156cm to 170cm, days to heading after seeding averaged 83.2% with the range of $74{\sim}94$ days, early maturating varietes was 24.9% below 80 days. Rate to leaf blight 48.5% with the range of $9{\sim}92%$ and rate to stem borer averaged 8% with the range of $0{\sim}17%$. The weight of 1000 seeds showed positive correlation with days to flowering and plant height and number of seeds per plant showed positive corrleation with percentage of ripness, but weight of 1000 seeds showed negative correlation with occurrence of leaf blight and stem borer plant. Therefore we are expecting useful germplasm and selectable index for effective breeding.