Morphological Characteristics and Germination Conditions of Seeds in Arabis pendula L.

늘어진장대(Arabis pendula L.) 종자의 형태적 특성 및 발아조건

This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics and optimal germination conditions in seeds of Arabis pendula L., a traditionally edible and medicinal plant. The external seed shape was circular-obovate with narrow wings and dark brown. The seed length and width were 1.25 mm and 1.47 mm, respectively. The seeds were exalbuminous and the embryo was a bent type. Seed germination was the highest (49.7%) at $20^{\circ}C$ under dark conditions among the various temperature and light conditions applied. However, under the dark condition, the seedling was weak, overgrown, and the cotyledons were small and folded. To improve the germination and growth of seedlings, the seeds were pre-treated with $GA_3$ solutions of varying concentrations (0, 200, 500, and 1,000 mg/L). The seed germination and seedling growth were effectively improved by $GA_3$ pre-treatment. The germination rate was the highest (97.3%), mean germination time was the shortest (8.1 days), and a vigorous growth of seedlings was observed upon pre-soaking the seeds in 500 mg/L $GA_3$ solution. In conclusion, the best method for germination was pre-soaking in 500 mg/L $GA_3$ ($4^{\circ}C$, dark, 24 h) and incubating the seeds at $20^{\circ}C$ for 15 days.

본 연구는 식의약소재로 활용 가치가 높은 늘어진장대(Arabis pendula L.)의 대량증식을 위한 기초연구로 종자의 형태적 특성과 발아특성을 규명하고, 최적 발아조건을 규명하고자 수행되었다. 늘어진장대 종자는 종피에 날개가 있는 원형으로 색은 진갈색이며, 너비 1.47 mm, 길이 1.25 mm이고, 배는 굴곡형이며 무배유종자이다. 온도와 광조건 실험에서, 종자 발아는 $20^{\circ}C$, 암조건에서 가장 우수하였다(49.7%). 그러나 암조건에서는 유묘가 약하고 웃자랐으며, 자엽이 작고 말려있는 특징을 보였다. 종자 발아와 유묘의 생육을 촉진하기 위하여 종자를 다양한 농도의 $GA_3$ 희석액(0, 200, 500, 1,000 mg/L)에 침지하여 전처리 한 후 파종하였다. 연구 결과, $GA_3$ 희석액 500 mg/L처리구에서 종자 발아율이 가장 높고(97.3%), 발아 소요기간이 짧았으며(8.1일), 유묘의 생육 또한 왕성하였다. 연구의 결과, 늘어진장대 종자의 최적 발아조건은 $GA_3$ 500 mg/L희석액에 침지처리($4^{\circ}C$, dark, 24시간)하여 $20^{\circ}C$에 파종하여 15일 동안 발아시키는 것으로 확인되었다.