• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.578-587
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• 2015

Nuclear SSR (nSSR) and chloroplast SSR (cpSSR) markers were analyzed to assess the parameters of mating system in seed orchard, such as outcrossing rates, the number of potential pollen contributors, paternal contribution rates, degree of pollen contamination, and biparental inbreeding ($t_m-t_s$). In 2006, 2007, seeds were collected from the seed orchard of Pinus densiflora, established in 1977 at Anmyeon island. Estimates of outcrossing rates ranged from 94.9 to 100% (mean 98.9%) in 2006 and from 91.2 to 100% (mean 97.7%) in 2007 on the basis of the analysis of cpSSR haplotypes and from 90.3 to 100% (mean 95.9%) in 2006 and from 81.6 to 100% (mean 95.3%) in 2007 on the basis of the analysis of nSSR genotypes. By cross checking of both DNA markers, mean cumulative outcrossing rates of 100% and 98.9% were estimated in each year. Mean contamination rates were estimated as 48.9% and 42.4%, respectively. On the basis of cpSSR haplotype observed in each seed, paternal contribution rates (the number of pollen contributors) were estimated as 0.458 (mean 16.2) in 2006 and 0.512 (mean 14.8) in 2007. In conclusion, considering pretty high level of outcrossing rates observed in a seed orchard, there might be little to be influenced by inbreeding depression for genetic potential of the seeds induced by selfing. Estimates of the mating system parameters obtained from the two reproductive years were not statistically different, which revealed stable genetic quality of seeds produced in different years. Observed results from this study may provide useful information for the management and establishment of the seed orchard of the progressive generation.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.65
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

대만정부는 1968년도에 오리에 대한 체계적인 연구를 수행할 수 있도록 연구소를 설립하여 오늘날 5개의 연구서에서 수많은 석박사가 육종, 질병, 영양, 관리에 이르기까지 체계적인 연구를 하고 있고 농민들은 이들의 기술적인 지원과 교육을 받아 오리알과 고기를 효율적으로 생산함은 물론 전체 생산량의 약 40% 가량을 일본에 수출하여 외화소득을 올리고 있었다. 한국처럼 단순히 종압(종자용 어미오리)을 수입하여 병아리를 부화 생산하는 단계를 넘어서 육종을 활발히 하여 건강하고 경제적인 오리를 기르고 있었다. 우리나라에서 큰 문제가 되고 있는 질병인 오리 혈증 바이러스성 간염, 바이러스성 장염은 별로 큰 문제가 되지 않고 가금콜레라(양계의 C.R.D와 유사)가 첫번째 중요질병이라고 하는 등 질병 발생양상도 크게 차이가 있었다. 바이러스 간염의 경우 대만은 백신을 접종하여 거의 100% 예방하고 있는데 우리나라는 아직 개발완료 단계인 것으로 알려지고 있다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.36 no.8 s.418
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• pp.82-86
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• 2004

육계사업의 성공 3요소는 적당한 시기선택, 장소, 병아리 확보이며, 육계사육 농가는 3가지 선택을 잘해야 사육에 성공할 수 있다. 종자(품종), 적절한 사육환경(관리), 병아리 선택 등이다. 제품은 고객의 취향에 따라 선택되어진다. 그러나 병아리에서는 예외의 경우가 빈번하다. 기상이변에 따른 재해, 종계의 질병 발생에 의한 생산차질로 생긴 품귀현상 때문이다. 문제는 여기서부터 시작이다. 문제발생 이면에는 반드시 보이거나 또는 전혀 보지 못한 원인이 있게 마련이다. 불량추(일명 약추) 발생은 자연적 현상이 아닌 종계과정과 부화 전 과정 어디에선가에 문제요인이 생성되어 나타난 현상으로 볼 수 있다. 적게는 수백에서 부화 전 과정 어디에선가에 문제요인이 생성되어 나타난 현상으로 볼 수 있다. 적게는 수백에서 많게는 수만, 수십만의 생명체인 병아리 생산에 뒤따르는 부작용이 질적 시비는 그 발생 빈도와 양을 줄일 수 있어도 이를 완전히 없애는 것은 부화업자의 간절한 요망사항에 그칠지 모른다. 부화업 경영자와 전문부화기술자를 가장 곤혹스럽게 만드는 양계 육추$\cdot$육성농가의 한결같은 항의와 분노는 대개 아래와 같은 요인에 의해 나타나는데, 이들 요인을 요약, 정리하면 다음과 같다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.95-99
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• 2001

플러그묘의 보급이 확산되어지면서 이의 효과적인 생산에 대한 인식이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 대량 생산을 위해 셀 수가 많은 트레이에 종자를 파종할 경우 시간의 경과에 따라 작물은 도장하게 된다는 점이 문제로 나타난다. 묘의 도장방지를 위해서는 개체간 충분한 공간을 두어 육묘하는 것이 좋지만 이 경우 생산비가 증가하게 된다. 이에 대한 공정육묘상의 생육조절방안으로는 상토내 수분ㆍ양분 조절, 주야간 온도차이(Lim등, 1997), 자외선 이용(Inamoto 등, 195), 생장조절제 이용(Gilbertz, 1992; Kacia, 1997) 방법 등이 보고되고 있다. (중략)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.457-462
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate basic seed characteristics such as morphological characteristics and various seed vigor using 4 sorghum varieties, Nampungchal, Donganme, Hwanggeumchal and Whinchal. No difference was shown in morphological characteristics of the varieties except that the width. Whinchal has bulb-shaped seed, while the other varieties have oval-shaped seeds. The seed coat color of Whinchal is obviously different from those of the other varieties; especially, Nampungchal and Hwanggeumchal are not glossy. Germination rate were Hwanggeumchal > Nampungchal > Donganme > Whinchal in the order of higher rate in standard germination tests and cold germination test. In the ageing test, Donganme showed the lowest 15% decrease in comparison with the standard cultivar. Electric conductivity (EC) has negative correlation with standard germination tests, cold germination test and accelerated ageing test. In the percentage of emergence (PE), Hwanggeumchal was the highest 85.7% which was more than 40% to the lowest Whinchal. Mean emergence time (MET) showed significant difference between the varieties; Whinchal showed the slowest 6.0 days.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2007

This study was carried out to develop the stable plug seedling production for hydroponics of spinaches by various nursery media, plug tray size and seed number per plug tray cell. When plant grown in various nursery media, the seeding stand rate was shown in order of granular rockwool with good water retention, granular rockwool>granular rockwool mixed with pearlite>cocopeat>pearlite>poly urethane foame. Thus, poly urethane foame indicated the lower seedling stand rate. There was no difference in growth of the seedlings md the seeding stand rate by the plug tray size, and no significant difference in the plant height and the number of leaves among the seed number per plug tray cell. But, leaf area of plant in 2 grains seeding per cell was $113.0cm^2$, was wider in compared with 5 grains seeding of which leaf area was $88.0cm^2$. Accordingly, the leaf area per plant decreased as more and more the number of seeds per plug tray cell increased. The fresh weight of a plant per plug tray cell was the heaviest with 12.5g in the 2 grains, and the total fresh weight of plants per cell was 33.9g in 4 grains seeding, thus it tended to was bigger compared with other treatments. Consequently, given that the number of seeds per cell was decreased, the fresh weight of a plant increased. On the other hand, the total fresh weight per cell showed a tendency to be reducing as more and more the number of seeds per plug tray cell decreased. The yield in the 4 grains seeding was increased by 46% as $14,910kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ in compared with the yield in 2 grains seeding as $10,200kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effects of storage, temperature, and pre-treatments on the germination of Melia azedarach seeds collected from Buan, Jeonju, and Jeju provenance. M. azedarach seeds stored with or without pericarp in the ground, which collected from Buan provenance evidenced the highest germination percentage (PG, %) and the shortest time to first germination (days). The seeds collected from Jeonju and Jeju provenance were placed at both six continuous temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and $40^{\circ}C$) and two alternating temperatures ($20{\leftrightarrow}30^{\circ}C$ and $25{\leftrightarrow}35^{\circ}C$) for seed incubation. The results showed a significant effect for temperature of seed incubation. The seeds incubated at $35^{\circ}C$ had the highest PG among the continuous temperatures and germinated significantly more at the two alternating temperatures than at $35^{\circ}C$. Concerning mean germination time (MGT), the seeds incubated at $35^{\circ}C$ evidenced the shortest germinations among the continuous temperatures while those at the alternating temperatures germinated for a shorter period than those at $35^{\circ}C$. The germination rate (GR) and germination performance index (GPI) were similar to PG. The seeds collected from Jeonju provenance were treated using five pre-sowing treatments (scarification, scarifcation+$GA_3$, scarification+$KNO_3$, $GA_3$, and $KNO_3$) prior to the germination experiments. Compared with the intact seeds (control), most of the pre-treatments were significantly (especially scarification+$GA_3$ 100 ppm and scarification+$KNO_3$ 1.0%) higher in PG, GR, and GPI, as well as shorter in MGT.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 1988

The effect of directions (north to south vs east to west) of planting row, planting intensities (10/15, 15/15, 20/15, 25/15 cm/cm) and the number of rows consecutively (1,2, 3,4) for both the CMS and pollen parent in alternation, on the seed yield of CMS of rice was tested with a breeding line V20A/Iri342$\^$*8/. When the planting row was made in vertical direction to the wind direction during anthesis, the seed yield was higher than the other direction regardless the planting densities and number of rows consecutive. Seed yield increased as high as 46.9%. The higher planting intensities up to 10/15 cm/cm yielded the higher hybrid seeds. The highest yield was 81.2 kg/ha. The yield variation among plants within a plot and among the plants within a replication was relatively large. Increased pollen parent row numbers caused increased grain fertility per plant, but the seed yield was increased by reduced pollen parent row number. Reduced CMS parental row numbers caused increased grain fertility per plant, but the seed yield was increased by increased CMS parental row numbers. Considering the hybrid seed yield, parental seed yield and operational convenience, 4 rows of CMS and 1 row of pollen parent in alternate with 20/15 or 25/15 (cm/cm) planting densities seemed to be the rational layout.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1995

This investigation was conducted to determine the effect of the optimum planting date and place for good seed production on growth variation, grain yields, different of variety, infection of seed by fungi, and seed germination and vigor after room storage. Early maturity Korean soybean variety, Keunolkong, and introduced vegetable soybean variety, Fukura-edamame, were planted at field of YAES. and high cool land of Sajapyong in Milyang（altitude, 850m） on May 15 （early）, June 15 （mid.）, and July 15 （late） in 1991. The emergence and vegetative period gradually increased in the early planting date. The grain yield, seed weight, pod number, healthy grain yield also increased when Keunolkong was planted on early date. The healthy seed rate, Keunolkong increased in the early planting date, whereas that of Fukura also increased in the late planting date. Infection ratio of grain to phomopsis seed decay （Phomopsis spp. ' Diaporthe phaseolorum） in Fukura steadily increased in the early planting date. Infection ratio of grain to purple seed stain （Cercospora kikuchii） generally increased in the mid and late planting date. The seed germination and seedling vigor after room storage from five to six months gradually increased in the late planting date. And seed germination of Fukura rapidly decreased in the early planting date. Therefore, the optimum planting date for good seed production in early maturity vegetable soybean was June 15 in terms of harvesting time avoid a high temprature and humidity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.258-265
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• 2012

Bacterial strains isolated from diseased red pepper fruits showed inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus sp. based on its physiological, biochemical characteristics and MicroLog analysis and named Paenibacillus sp. IUB225-08. The bacterium showed the highest level of antifungal activity C. gloeosporioides when cultured at $25^{\circ}C$ for 60 hrs in LB broth with initial pH of 7.0. The butanol fraction from culture extract of Paenibacillus sp. IUB225-08 effectively inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides than any other agricultural chemicals tested. Pepper fruits and seeds treated with spores of C. gloeosporioides showed symptoms, while those treated with the culture extract and C. gloeosporioides together did not show any symptoms. Therefore, the culture extract of Paenibacillus sp. IUB225-08 have a potential for biocontrol agent of red pepper anthracnose.