• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.1 s.91
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• pp.109-116
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• 2006

An incremental approach to predict the time dependent flexural behavior of composite girder is presented in the framework of incremental finite element method. Age dependent nature of creep, shrinkage, and maturing of elastic modulus of concrete is prescribed in the incremental tangent description of constitutive relation derived based on the first order Taylor series expansion applying to the total from of stress-strain relation. The loop phenomenon in which age dependent nature of concrete causes stress redistribution and it causes creep in turn is taken into account in the formulation through the incremental representation of constitutive relation. The developed algorithm predicts the time dependent deflections of 4.8m long two span double composite box girder subjected to shrinkage, maturing of elastic modulus, and creep initially induced by self weight. Comparison shows a good agreement between the predicted and measured results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.104-106
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 중국 해운·항만기업의 자본구조를 분석하기 위하여 상장된 중국 해운·항만기업 29개를 표본으로 선정하여 패널회귀분석을 활용하여 실증분석을 수행하였다. 표본으로 선정된 해운·항만기업의 재무제표 데이터는 wind자신(資訊)(wind정보)에서 구득하였으며, 29개 샘플회사의 2006년부터 2015년까지 총 10년간의 재무상태표, 손익계산서, 현금흐름표 및 주가 자료 등을 활용하였다. 실증분석을 위한 주요 변수로는 자산부채비율을 종속변수로 두었고 자산구조, 경영위험, 기업규모, 실제세율, 수익능력, 지급능력, 운영능력, 업계특성 등의 변수를 독립변수로 선정하였다. 실증분석 결과 기업규모, 수익능력, 단기지급능력(유동비율) 등의 요인이 중국 해운항만기업의 자본구조에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.132-145
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• 1995

The Purpose of this study is to integrate two opposite paradigms, (development from above) and (development from below), by means of A. Giddenss (structuration theory) and to provide practical development strategies on the basis of integrated paradigm. The integration of these two opposite paradigms is in fact the internalization of epistemological overcoming of 'dependency', which means the structural transformation of dualistic thinking into monistic thinking that the enlargement of capitalist world-system can be 'development' and it may also be 'dependency'. Therefore the practical main issue of this integrated paradigm results in how peripheral countries should achieve self-reliant and continuous development under the circumstances of dependency. To achieve such development while resisting the growing arrogance of transnational capital, development strategies should be prepared to maker revitalized political community designed to fit a human scale and for the economy to be subordinated to the political will of the community. And at the same time the 'empowerment' of people should be strengthened.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2007

In order to examine the short-term variations of phytoplankton and heterotrophic protozoa community structures with bloom events, water samples were collected every other day at one site in the coastal water off Incheon, Korea, from August 15-September 30, 2001. $Chlorophyll-{\alpha}$ concentrations varied widely from 1.8 to $19.3\;{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ with the appearances of two major peaks of $Chlorophyll-{\alpha}$ concentration during the study period. Size-fractionated $Chlorophyll-{\alpha}$ concentration showed that net-size fraction ($>20\;{\mu}m$) comprised over 80% of total $Chlorophyll-{\alpha}$ during the first and second bloom periods, nano-size fraction ($3{\sim}20\;{\mu}m$) comprised average 42% during the pre- (before the first bloom) and post-bloom periods (after the second bloom), and pico- size fraction ($<3\;{\mu}m$) comprised over 50% during inter-bloom periods (i.e. between the first and second bloom periods). Dominant phytoplankton community was shifted from autotrophic nanoflagellates to diatom, diatom to picophytoplankton, picophytoplankton to diatom, and then diatom to autotrophic nanoflagellates, during the pre-, the first, the inter, the second, and the post-bloom periods, respectively. During the blooms, Chaetoceros pseudocrinitus and Eucampia zodiacus were dominant diatom species composed with more than 50% of total diatom. Carbon biomass of heterotrophic protozoa ranged from 8.2 to $117.8\;{\mu}gC\;l^{-1}$ and showed the highest biomass soon after the peak of the first and second blooms. The relative contribution of each group of the heterotrophic protozoa showed differences between the bloom period and other periods. Ciliates and HDF were dominant during the first and second bloom periods, with a contribution of more than 80% of the heterotrophic protozoan carbon biomass. Especially, different species of HDF, thecate and athecate HDF, were dominant during the first and the second bloom periods, respectively. Interestingly, Noctiluca scintillans appeared to be one of the key organisms to extinguish the first bloom. Therefore, our study suggests that heterotrophic protozoa could be a key player to control the phytoplankton community structure and biomass during the study period.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.3900-3914
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• 2012

This study examined the background of the recent global financial crisis and the concept of one of the financial derivatives such as the credit default swap(CDS) or synthetic CDO(collateral debt obligations), given the rapid growing and changing the over-the-counter derivative markets in their volume and structures. In comparison with the previous literature such as the study of Park & Kim (2011), this research empirically performed more thorough and comprehensive investigations to find any financial characteristics or attributes to determine the CDS spreads. Regarding the results obtained from the multiple regression models, the explanatory variables such as STYIELD3, SLOPE, INASSETS, and VOLATILITY, showed their statistically significant effects on all the tested dependent variables(DVs). Another procedure such as the principle component analysis(PCA), was also performed to account for additional IDVs as possible determinants of the dependent variables. Subsequent to this analysis, larger coefficients of each corresponding eigenvector such as BETA, PFT2, GROWTH, STD, and BLEVERAGE were found to be possible financial determinants. For robustness, all the IDVs were employed to be tested in the 'full' regression model with stepwise procedure. As a result, STYIELD3, SLOPE, and VOLATILITY, and BETA showed their statistically significant relationship with all the dependent variables of the CDS spreads.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of financial structure on management performance for financial consulting through 562 small and medium sized enterprises in GyeongIn area. Meanwhile, the independent variables are non current assets ratio, total assets turnover ratio and debt ratio, the dependent variables are operating profit on sale and net profit on equity. Generally speaking, the financial structure have a positive effects on management performance.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 1994

최근 건축용 강구조물이 초대형화 및 초고층화됨에 따라 용접물량의 급증하고 있으나 3D 직종에 대한 회피현상으로 용접기능자의 감소 및 인건비의 급증 등으로 인하여 건축용 강 구조물 제작시 경쟁력이 갈수록 저하되고 있다. 이에 대한 자구책으로 강 구조물 제작업체에서는 생산 성을 한층 배가 시킬 수 잇는 용접시공 기술을 자체 개발하거나 외부로부터 도입하고 있다. 본 보에서는 당사를 비롯하여 여러 업체에서 최근 개발된 용접기술 특히 대전류 SAW 기법, SESNET 기법 등의 초대입열 용접기술, Metal cored wire나 TIME 기법에 의한 고능률 GMAW 기법 및 Robot 용접 등에 대하여 간략히 기술하였다. 이 용접기술들의 적용에는 대개 고가의 시설투자가 수반되나, 이는 생산성 증가에 따른 원가절감으로 충분히 상쇄될 수 있다. 그러나 상기된 용접기술들의 적용에 대한 성패는 용접장비의 특성, 용접조건의 확립, 모재의 특성 혹은 주변 자동화 기술 및 상호 종속적인 관계에 크게 의존된다. 따라서 가 강 구조물 제작업체에서는 세심한 주위환경 분석을 토대로 각 업체에 가장 합당한 용접기술을 선정 및 적용하여야 하겠다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1999.10e
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• pp.242-248
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• 1999

이 논문은 지역적 동사구 분할에 바탕을 두고 서술어가 문말에 위치하는 언어에 특성에서 기인하는 속성을 반영하는 부분적 그러나 빠른 구문분석에 관해 논한다. 즉 완벽성 보다는 신속함 그리고 신뢰에 바탕을 둔 새로운 한국어 구문분석에 대해 논의한다. 기존의 문법이론 대신 한국어의 형태적 통사적 특성에 기인한, 성분들의 분할(partitions)에 의한 단위 (chunks) 분석방법을 제안한다. 근간은 동사구 장벽(VP-barrier) 알고리즘이며, 이 알고리즘은 한 문장안에서의 다양한 동사의 파생접사에 의해 형성되는 관형화, 명사화, 부사화 등의 파생구조와 내포된 동사구(인용문, 종속문 등)에 의해 형성되는 지역적 동사구내에서 그 성분들의 논리적인 분할을 구성하고 다시 그 다음 요소와 체계적으로 결합하는 관계로 확장하여 가능한 구조들을 생성한다. 다시 언어의존적인 발견적 규칙(heuristics)들을 점수화하여 가장 높은 점수의 단위구조를 적격한 구조로 선택한다. 이 방법은 하위범주화 및 의미정보를 사용하지 않는, 빠른 구문분석이 요구되는 시스템을 위해 고안되었으며, 집단적인 노력이 아닌 개인적인 노력 및 최소의 자원으로도 최대의 효과를 얻을 수 있다는데 그 의의가 있다.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.75-78
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• 1995

The boundary element analysis has been attempted for investigating the singular stress at the interface edge of infinitely layered structure. The subdomain technique has been employed and the analysis model has been divided into two subdomains, which are respectively homogeneous elastic zones. The boundary element equation has been formulated using the equilibrium and continuity conditions at the common interface. The numerical results of example problem has been presented.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.78-93
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• 2003

To investigate seasonal variation and structure of the microbial community in Kyeonggi Bay, abundance and carbon biomass of nano-and micrzooplankton were evaluated in relation to size fractionated chlorophyll-a concentration, through the monthly interval sampling from December 1997 to November 1998. Communities of nano-and microzooplankton were classified into 4 groups such as heterotrophic nanoflagellate(HNF), ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates(HDF) and zooplankton nauplii. Abundance and carbon biomass of HNF ranged from 380 to 4,370 cells ml-1(average 1,340$\pm$130 cells ml-1) and from 0.63 to 12.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$C 1-1(average 4.35$\pm$0.58 $\mu\textrm{g}$C 1-1), respectively. Abundance and carbon biomass of ciliates ranged from 331 to 44,571 cells ml-1(average 3,526$\pm$544 cells ml-1) and from 1.3 to 119.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$C 1-1(average 13.7$\pm$3.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$C 1-1), respectively. Abundance and carbon biomass of HDF ranged from 88 to 48,461 cells 1-1(average 9,034$\pm$2,347 cells 1-1) and from 0.05 to 54.05 $\mu\textrm{g}$C 1-1(average 6.9$\pm$2.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$C 1-1), respectively. Abundance and carbon biomass of zooplankton nauplii ranged from 5 to 546 indiv. 1-1(average 83$\pm$15 indiv. 1-1) and from 0.17 to 43.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$C 1-1(average 6.3$\pm$1.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$C 1-1), respectively. Eash component of microbial biomass was not different from tidal cycle except tintinnids group. Depth integrated nano-and microzooplankton biomass ranged from 124 to 1,635 mgC m-2(average 585$\pm$110 mgC m-2) and was highest in March and May. The relative contribution of each component to the nano-and microzooplankton showed difference according to seasons. Community structure of nano-and microzooplankton was dominated by planktonic ciliate group. During the study period, carbon biomass of nano-and microzooplankton was strongly positively correlated with size fractionated chlorophylla-a. It implied that prey-predator relationship between microzooplankton and phytoplankton was important in the pelagic ecosystem of Kyeonggi Bay.