• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2008

An Oriental lily cultivar 'Pacific Wave' was released in 2007 at National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon, Korea. The crossing was made in 1999 between Oriental lily 'Simplon', an outward-facing and white colored cultivar, and 'Spinoza', pink colored cultivar. The first selection was done in 2003 with a line of 'O-03-16'. Multiplication and bulb growth, and performance test was conducted from 2004 to 2006. This selection was later on given as 'Pacific Wave' in 2007 at NHRI. Flowering time of 'Pacific Wave' in plastics house culture is mid June and grows average 115 cm. Flowers are upward-facing with 20.1 cm in diameter and white with yellow centered (RHS W155C + Y9A). Mean petal length and width is 12.2 cm and 4.2 cm, respectively. Leaves are 12.3 cm long, 2.9 cm wide. The throat color is green. It shows gray and purple stigma, and red brown pollen. The weight and size of bulb is 82.5 g and 19.6 cm, respectively. Year-round flowering can be by storing the bulb under -1 to $-2^{\circ}C$ conditions. It is necessary to add calcium to the fertilizer or remove side scales to prevent leaf scorch. It is needed to control Botrytis disease in summer wet season.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2014

Since the "Aquatic life disease control act" was established in 2009, we have monitored OIE notifiable and legally designated diseases which are associated with white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei but are as yet outbreak in South Korea. We had monitored only two viral diseases of YHD and IMN, but further added IHHN, TS and WTD in an attempt to reinforce monitoring as a countermeasure against the increasing possibility of imported diseases led by continuous growth in global fisheries trade. We also increased the number of monitoring areas, and shrimp farms. In 2013, we examined a total of 2,650 white shrimp from 29 hatcheries and farms to check whether they were infected with any of the 5 diseases (YHD, IMN, IHHN, TS, WTD). The result showed that none of the samples contained the viruses. To regulation of the exotic diseases from landing in our country and to strengthen prevention, management and control of the diseases on a national level, we must continue the surveillance monitoring of the diseases.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2018

The plant morphological and chromosome characteristics of 'Bonanza', 'Coral Candy' and 'Purple Crystal', a formolongi-Asiatic (FA) interspecific hybrid species bred at the National Institute of Horticultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), were investigated in this study. The flowering time of these species were found to have some variation. 'Bonanza' flowers in the middle to late June (medium-late maturing cultivar), 'Coral Candy' in the mid of June (medium maturing cultivar), and 'Purple Crystal' was observed to be in early June (early maturing cultivar). The flowering direction of all three cultivars are upward facing flowers and having a weak fragrance. The height of the plants was recorded in the range between 101.0 cm ('Purple Crystal') to 142.3 cm ('Bonanza'), thus they are able to develop cut flowers with excellent stem elongation. Flower diameters of 'Bonanza' (17.1 cm) and 'Coral Candy' (16.9 cm) were classified to be large sized flowers. On the other hand, 'Purple Crystal' had a narrow flower diameter (12.3 cm) with an outer petal width of more than 4.0 cm. Leaf length was observed for 'Bonanza' (15.7 cm), 'Coral Candy' (19.7 cm), and 'Purple Crystal' (11.1 cm). Chromosome analysis was done using FISH technique. Results revealed that all three cultivars were observed as triploids (2n=3x=36). FISH analysis also showed 5S/45S rDNA of 'Bonanza', 'Coral Candy' and 'Purple Crystal' as 4/11 loci, 4/12 loci, and 4/11 loci, respectively. The results of the FISH analysis are useful as markers to distinguish cultivars, since the patterns of rDNA observed on the remaining chromosomes are significantly different except FISH patterns of chromosome #3.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.242-242
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• 2020

도시화와 산업화에 따른 유출환경의 변화로 인해 도심지에서 발생하는 대부분의 유출은 도로표면을 따라 이동하고 도로변에 설치된 빗물받이에 의해 배수된다. 이 때 빗물이 원활하게 배수되지 않아 노면수가 정체되고, 이 노면수가 인근 주택지로 유입되어 침수 피해가 발생한다. 이러한 현상은 유출량이 집중되는 도심지 저지대에서 주로 발생하며 설계 한도를 초과하지 않는 정상적인 강우 조건에서도 빈번히 나타나고 있다. 이는 최근의 기후 변화로 인한 집중 호우 등을 고려하여 설계 기준이 지속적으로 조정되어야 함과 동시에 도로 노면수의 배수 능력 평가를 위한 실제적인 연구가 이루어져야 한다는 필요성을 나타내고 있다. 특히 도로 빗물받이의 효율은 주로 종경사 및 횡경사 등의 도로 조건, 표면 유출 우수량, 빗물받이의 형상 등에 의존한다. 그러므로 상향된 설계빈도 및 도로 조건을 고려한 도로 표면 유출에 대한 흐름 분석과 빗물받이 특성을 고려한 실증연구의 분석 및 설계 해석 알고리즘의 개발이 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 도로 노면수의 배수 능력 증대를 위해 연속 설치된 빗물받이 조건 및 도로 경사조건을 고려하여 도로 배수시설의 표면 유출 모델 설계 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 표면 유출 유량은 도로의 차선(2~4차선), 경사(종경사 2~10% 및 횡경사 2~10%) 및 설계빈도(최대 30년)를 고려하였으며 유량이 노면 진행방향을 따라 연속적으로 증가하는 부등류 흐름 해석 방법을 채택하였다. 또한, 빗물받이 설치간격(L)과 도로의 폭(W)의 곱으로 계산되는 단순 직사각형 형태의 노면 형상이 아닌 도로 종경사 및 횡경사에 따른 유달거리를 산정하여 평행사변형 형태의 노면 형상을 계산하고 이에 따른 면적(A), 도달시간(tc) 및 강우강도(I)를 산정하였다. 이와 같은 1차원 흐름분석을 통해 도로 표면흐름 및 빗물받이 설치 간격을 제시하고 기존의 제시된 빗물받이 설치 간격과 비교하여 본 연구에서 제시한 설계 알고리즘을 검증하였다. 또한, 수리 실험을 통해 측정된 빗물받이 차집효율을 이용하여 연속 구간에서의 도로 표면 유출 모델의 적용성을 제시하였다. 이는 빗물받이 유입구를 통해 모든 유량이 유출된다고 가정하고 단독 구간에서의 수리분석 결과만을 고려하여 이를 확장시켜 개발된 기존의 도로 표면 유출 모델을 보완할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서 제시하고 있는 설계 알고리즘을 적용한다면 도로 전체 구간에서의 흐름 변화 분석과 배수효율의 정량적인 분석이 가능하므로 향후 도로 표면 침수 피해 저감 및 배수능력 증대를 위한 실증적이고 정량적인 분석 방법이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.225-236
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• 2017

In this study, collecting data in real retail-premium market and the influencing factors were extracted explored the formation of retail-premium. This should identify the level of retail-premium through an objective estimate of expenses, revenues, etc. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted focusing on how the operating profit affected the formation of retail-premium. Store operators will have to be accompanied by the management of the operating profit to keep the initial payment and in order to receive a raise retail-premium. Through this process, It is possible to prevent the gap between retail-premium calculated through the appraisal and market practices. Ultimately, I believe and achieve the objective, transparent, the advancement of retail-premium market.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2017

최근 들어 내수용 및 수출용 자동차 보증 제도를 살펴보면 부품에 대한 방식 보증기간이 점차 연장되는 추세이며, 이에 따라 자동차사에서 요구하는 방식 및 내식성 평가 기준이 상향되어 가고 있다. 실제로 수출차에 대한 방청 품질 보증기간이 차체 구멍 발청 10년에서 12년으로 연장할 움직임을 보이는 등 점차 방식에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 따라서 내식성 향상에 대한 끊임없는 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으며, 내식성 향상을 위해 구조/형상 변화, 도장 품질 향상, 최적화 설계 등 다방면에서 노력을 기울이고 있다. 그 중에서도 가장 근본적인 해결책인 소재의 내식성 향상에 대한 관심은 날로 높아지고 있는 실정이다. 특히 일본 등지에서는 GA 도금재의 사용이 증가하고 있으나, 아직은 내식성에 대한 효율적이고 체계적인 관리가 부족한 면이 있다. GA재는 합금화 과정에서 야기되는 Fe% 합금화도, 합금화 상분율(감마, 델타, 제타상), crater 등 복잡한 소재의 특성으로 인해 소재의 내식성 분석에 고려할 사항이 많다. 실제 여러 실험들을 통해서 GA재가 내식성에 영향이 있는 인자들에 대해 많은 연구가 진행되었지만 명확히 정량화되어 있지 않은 관계로 GA재의 내식성 관리 기준에 대해서도 명확하진 않은 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 당사재와 타사재의 고강도 GA재 (>440 MPa) 11종에 대해 crater분율, zeta상, 합금화도, 도금량 등의 다양한 도금 물성들을 조사하였다. 또한 이 시편들을 34일 동안의 복합염수 분무법(CCT)을 통해 얻은 최대 및 평균 블리스터 폭과 소재 표면품질 물성과의 상관관계를 통해서 부식과 연관된 관련인자들을 도출하고 정량적인 관계를 살펴보았다. GA재의 경우 다양한 물성들 중에서 도금 크레이터, 제타상, 합금화도 순으로 내식성에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인이 되었으며 이 세 인자들을 내식성 평가 지수화하여 GA재 생산시 효율적인 관리범위를 지정하는데 이용 가능할 수 있도록 diagram을 도출하였다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통하여 자동차사에서 요구하는 내식성 기준을 만족하기 위한 내식성 상관 인자들의 관리 수준을 정량화함으로써 보다 우수한 소재의 관리를 할 수 있도록 하고자 한다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.791-803
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• 2016

Recently, frequency of extreme rainfall events in South Korea has been substantially increased due to the enhanced climate variability. Korea is prone to flooding due to being surrounded by mountains, along with high rainfall intensity during a short period. In the past three decades, an increase in the frequency of heavy rainfall events has been observed due to enhanced climate variability and climate change. This study aimed to analyze extreme rainfalls informed by their frequency of occurrences using a long-term rainfall data. In this respect, we developed a Poisson-Generalized Pareto Distribution (Poisson-GPD) based rainfall frequency method which allows us to simultaneously explore changes in the amount and exceedance probability of the extreme rainfall events defined by different thresholds. Additionally, this study utilized a Bayesian approach to better estimate both parameters and their uncertainties. We also investigated the synoptic patterns associated with the extreme events considered in this study. The results showed that the Poisson-GPD based design rainfalls were rather larger than those of based on the Gumbel distribution. It seems that the Poisson-GPD model offers a more reasonable explanation in the context of flood safety issue, by explicitly considering the changes in the frequency. Also, this study confirmed that low and high pressure system in the East China Sea and the central North Pacific, respectively, plays crucial roles in the development of the extreme rainfall in South Korea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 1996

Background : Transforming growth factor-$\beta$(TGF-$\beta$) may play a role in a variety of fibroproliferative disorders including pulmonary fibrosis via the induction of extracellular matrix accumulation. TGF-$\beta$ not only stimulates extracellular matrix production, but also decreases matrix degradation. Interstial lung diseases have demonstrated marked expression of TGF-$\beta$. Methods : To evaluate the possible role of TGF-$\beta$ in human pulmonary fibrosis, by using neutralizing antibody of TGF-$\beta$ we investigated immunohistochemically the expression of TGF-$\beta$ in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the 5 normal cases for the control, and a couple of pieces of tissues taken out of 3 cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 3 cases with ILD from bleomycin toxicity, 3 cases with ILD from sarcoidosis, and 3 cases with ILD from eosinophilic granuloma. Results : In the 5 normal cases for the control, the TGF-$\beta$ was expressed in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Up-regulation of the TGF-$\beta$ expression was showed in the interstitial fibroblast cells of alveolar septa in 5 pieces and proliferated alveolar pneumocytes in 1 piece among 6 pieces tissues taken out of 3 cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Also up-regulation of the TGF-$\beta$ expression was showed in alveolar lining pneumocytes, intra-alveolar mononuclear cells, and epithelioid cells in most of cases of ILD from bleomycin toxicity, sarcoidosis and eosinophilic granuloma. Conclusion : These findings suggest that up-regulation of the TGF-$\beta$are involved in pathogenesis of interstitial lung fibrosis from variety of causes.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.38-44
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• 2006

Two sulfur-based column reactors inoculated with a bacterial consortium containing autotrophic denitrifiers were operated for 100 and 500 days, respectively and nitrate removal efficiency and the adaptation of microbial communities in the columns were monitored with column depths and time. For better understanding the adaptation phenomenon, molecular techniques including 16S rDNA sequencing and DGGE analysis were employed. Although both columns showed about 99% of nitrate removal efficiency heterotrophic denitrifiers such as Cenibacterium arsenioxidans and Geothrix fermentans were found to a significant portion at the initial stage of the 100-day reactor operation. However, as operation time increased, an autotrophic denitrifier Thiobacillus denitrificans became a dominant bacterial species throughout the column. A similar trend was also observed in the 500-day column. In addition, nitrate removal efficiencies were different with column depths and thus bacterial species with different metabolic activities were found at the corresponding depths. Especially, T. denitrificans was successfully adapted and colonized at the bottom parts of the columns where most nitrate was reduced.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.537-549
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• 2016

The grate inlets generally were installed to intercept surface runoff on the roads and intercepted flow was drained to the underground sewer system. The equation of interception flow was used to determine the size and spacing of grate inlet on the roads. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the interception capacity of grate inlet. Hydraulic experimental apparatus which can be changed with the longitudinal slopes(2, 4, 6, 8, 10%) of street, the transverse slopes(2, 4, 7, 10%), and the lengths(50, 100, 150cm) of grate inlet was installed for this study. The range of the experimental discharges were calculated with change of road lanes(2, 3, 4) and design frequencies(5, 10, 20, 30year). As the transverse slope increased, it led to the increase of interception capacity at grate inlets. The long lengths of grate inlet with direction of flow increased the interception capacity by the increase of side inflow. On the basis of the hydraulic model experiment results, the empirical equations for calculation of the interception capacity were derived with regression analysis. As a result of comparison with equations, the suggested equation of this study was estimated reasonable one for increased design frequency. Therefore, this study can suggest the basic data for design of drainage facility at road.