• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.473-476
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• 2009

Rubus hongnoensis Nakai, Korean endemic species were reexamined on the basis of morphological characters. Both sides of leaves are pubscent and particularly glandular hairs are present on main vein. All parts except petals and stems are hairy. Petioles and stem have prickles. Leaflets are 3-7. Fruits is red.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 2010

Deinococcus radiodurans RecA protein, when bound to DNA, exhibits a DNA-dependent ATPase. In the absence of DNA, the rate of RecA protein-promoted ATP hydrolysis drops 1,000-fold under the physiological concentrations of salt. This DNA-independent activity can be stimulated to levels approximating those observed with DNA by adding high concentrations (approximately 1.6 M) of a wide variety of salts. This effect was characterized by varying salt concentration and comparing the effects of different ion types. The higher concentrations of salt stimulated the ATP hydrolysis by RecA protein in the absence of DNA. At 1.6 M chloride, the observed stimulation showed the following cation trend $K^+{\geq}Na^+$ > $NH_4^+$ and the following anion sequence was observed: $glutamate^- \; > \; C1^- \;> \; acetate^-\; > \;PO_4^-$ at 1.6 M $K^+$. The catalytic properties of the salt-stimulated ATP hydrolysis reaction was optimal between pH 7.0 and 8.0, which was similar to the double stran nded DNA-dependent ATPase activities of Deinococcus radiodurans RecA protein. In the absence of DNA the active species for ATP hydrolysis by RecA protein was shown to be an aggregate of three RecA protein molecules.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.20-34
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to assess the anthropogenic impact on trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cd) of roadside sediments (N = 70) from No.7 national road within the watershed of Hoidong Reservoir in Pusan City and to estimate the potential mobility of selected metals using sequential extraction. We generally found high concentrations of metals, especially Zn, Cu and Pb, affected by anthropogenic inputs. Compared to the trace metal concentrations of uncontaminated stream sediments, arithmetic mean concentrations of roadside sediments were about 7 times higher for Cu, 4 times higher for Zn, 3 times higher for Pb and Cr and, 2 times higher for Ni and As. Speciation data on the basis of sequential extraction indicate that most of the trace metals considered do not occur in significant quantities in the exchangeable fraction, except for Cd and Ni whose exchangeable fractions are appreciable (average 29.3 and 25.8%, respectively). Other metals such as Zn (51.4%) and Pb (45.2%) are preferentially bound to the reducible fraction, and therefore they can be potentially released by a pH decrease and/or redox change. Copper is mainly found in the organic fraction, while Cd is highest in the exchangeable fraction, and Cr and Ni in the residual fraction. Considering the proportion of metals bound to the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, the comparative mobility of metals probably decreases in the order of Cd>Ni>Pb>Zn>Cr>Cu. Although the total concentration data showed that Zn was typically present in potentially harmful concentration levels, the data on metal partitioning indicated that Cd, Ni and Pb pose the highest potential hazard for runoff water. As potential changes of redox state and pH may remobilize the metals bound to carbonates, amorphous oxides, and/or organic matter, and may release and flush them through drain networks into the watershed of Hoidong Reservoir, careful monitoring of environmental conditions appears to be very important.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.24 no.6 s.272
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• pp.131-135
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• 1992

칼슘과 인은 동물체내에 존재하는 광물질로 칼슘이 대략 $1.6{\~}2.0{\%}$, 인이$0.9{\~}1.1{\%}$ 함유되어 있다. 칼슘과 인은 주로 뼈에 많이 함유되어 있는데 주로 $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$의 형태로 존재한다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.6 s.175
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• pp.699-705
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• 2005

In order to identify the speciation of As and trace elements which are contained weathered waste rocks on the abandoned Jangpoong Cu mine area, five fraction sequential extraction was carried out. Concentrations of the extraction solutions which were acquaired each fraction were mesured by ICP-AES. Mineral characters of weathered waste rocks were determinated by XRD. The weathered waste rocks could divide into two types (Type I and type II). Type land type II weathered waste rocks are mainly composed of a quartz and a calcite, respectively. The most dominant speciation of As, Co and Fe is residual phase. Most of the speciation of Cd, Mn and Zn is residual phase for type I and Fe-Mn oxide phase for type II. In case of Cu, residual phase is predominant in type I and sulfide is predominet in type II. The most dominant speciation of Pb for type I and type II is associated with the residual phase and Fe-Mn oxide phase, respectively. At pH 4-7 range, the order of relative mobility considers Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Co>AS in type I, and Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb>As>Co in type II.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.53-63
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• 2003

Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in soil samples in the upper Okdong River basin and to assess the potential pollution index of each metal fraction. Soil samples were collected from the cultivated land soils and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of cultivated soils ranged from 5.2 to 7.6. Contents of total kelhaldal nitrogen and loss on ignition were in the ranges of 0.6∼2.5%, and 1.9∼12.9%, respectively. Heavy metals in the cultivated land soils were higher in the abandoned closed coal mine near field soils than those in the paddy soils. Total concentrations of metals in the cultivated land soils were in the orders of Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd, exceed the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the naturals were abundance levels reported from uncontaminated cultivated land soils. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Soil Pollution Assesment Index (SPAI) values of each fraction of metals were leveled from Non polluted to Moderately polluted based on total concentrations. SPAI values of mobil fractions were lower than those of immobile fractions. Results on metal fractions and SPAI values of the cultivated land soils indicate that field soils samples were contaminated with heavy metals and had potential to cause a detrimental effects on plants. A prompt countermeasure to prevent field soils in the abandoned closed coal mine near fields are urgently needed.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

Fractional composition and mobility of some heavy metals in sediments from Okdong stream are investigated. The fractional scheme for heavy metals in the sediment was established for five chemically defined heavy metal forms as adsorbed fraction, carbonate fraction, reducible fraction, organic fraction, and residual fraction. The most abundant fraction heavy metals in the sediments is reducible and secondly abundant is organic fraction. Adsorbed fraction is minor part of the total heavy metals. Mobilization of heavy metals in the sediments from Okdong stream occur $19.8{\sim}56.7%$ of total cadmium concentrate. The most abundant fraction of the sediment metal is organic fraction in Cu, Pb metals investigated. Labile fraction of sediment metals are $0.5{\sim}48.5%$ of total Zn, $2.6{\sim}48.1%$ of total Pb, and $0.2{\sim}36.9%$ of total Cu, respectively. Most of labile fraction consists of reducible fraction for Cd, Zn, adsorbed fraction for Pb, reducible fraction for Cu, adsorbed fraction for Ni. The Mobilization of Zn and Cu is most likely to occur when oxygen depletes and that of Pb and Ni occurs when physical impact, oxygen depletion and pH reduction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 1983

비교적 저온의 순수물 속에 있는 수직얼음 원기둥 주위에서 일어나는 자연대류 현상을 수치계산 방법을 사용하여 이론적인 해를 추구하였으며 기존 실험결과와 비교하였다. 유동의 형태는 주위 유체의 온도에 따라서 상향유동, 하향유동, 이 양자가 동시에 존재하는 유동의 형태로 구분되었으 며 해를 구할 수 있는 영역내에서는 상향유동과 하향유동이 동시에 존재하는 구역에서 열전달율 이 최소가 됨을 알 수가 있었다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.274-287
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• 1984

밀폐용기 내의 자연대류에 의한 흐름현상에 고유하며 아직까지 해결되지 않고 있는 중요한 문제 는 그 내부흐름의 형태를 주어진 물리적인 조건으로부터 미리 예측할 수 없다는 것이다. 이는 이 문제의 해석적인 해결에 가장 큰 난점이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 multiple scales method를 이 용한 해석적인 모델을 개발하여 종횡비가 낮은 직각형 밀폐용기 내에서 운동력이 코어에 존재하 는 경우 그 내부 흐름형태를 scaling analysis를 통해 정성적으로 예측, 기존의 결과와 비교 검토 하였다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.404-407
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• 2011

도시공간은 도시민의 안정적인 경제/문화/기타 활동 유지를 위해 개발 및 관리되어진다. 최근 도시공간 내에 존재하는 다양한 형태의 구조물에 대한 안전에 많은 관심이 쏠리고 있는 상황에서 이러한 도시 구조물에 대한 신속 정확한 형태학적 특성 분석이 요구되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 도시 구조물에 대한 모니터링에 대한 관심에 못지 않게 주변의 다양한 식생이나 피복에 대한 분석에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 도시공간내 존재하는 다양한 식생의 피복을 분석하기 위해 NIR 방사 자료를 활용하는 기초적 연구를 통해 근적외선 방사자료를 통한 피복분석을 효과적으로 실시하였다.